Ethics Chapter 1-4 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
We properly use the terms good, bad, blameworthy, and praiseworthy to refer to concepts or judgments of value.
answer
True
question
If we wish to study the moral principles, rules, or theories that guide our actions and judgments, we must delve into...
answer
Normative Ethics
question
The application of moral norms to specific moral issues or cases is known as...
answer
Applied Ethics
question
Many great religious thinkers have relied on reason to understand the truths of morality.
answer
True
question
Descriptive ethics involves the systematic investigation of...
answer
How people do in fact behave
question
According to the divine command theory, right actions are those that are willed by God.
answer
True
question
Things that are valuable because they are a means to something else are said to be...
answer
Instrumentally Valuable
question
The principle of universalizability demands that a moral statement that applies in one situation must apply in...
answer
All situations that are relevantly similar
question
The principle of impartiality demands that we treat equals equally.
answer
True
question
All major religious thinkers have accepted the divine command theory.
answer
False
question
Morality is...
answer
Beliefs concerning right and wrong, good and bad
question
Ethics gives us a royal road to moral truth.
answer
False
question
Feelings are not an important part of moral experience.
answer
False
question
Legal norms dominate moral norms.
answer
False
question
Morality is both accessible and meaningful to us whether we are religious or not.
answer
True
question
Religious believers have no need to do ethics.
answer
False
question
Ethics, or moral philosophy, is...
answer
The philosophical study of morality
question
Embracing without question the moral beliefs of your culture can undermine your personal freedom.
answer
True
question
There are never any good reasons for treating someone differently from the way we treat others.
answer
False
question
The philosophical study of morality
answer
Ethics
question
Beliefs concerning right and wrong, good and bad; they can include judgements, rules, principles, and theories
answer
Morality
question
The scientific study of moral beliefs and practices
answer
descriptive ethics
question
The study of the principles, rules, or theories that guide our actions and judgements
answer
normative ethics
question
The study of the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs
answer
Metaethics
question
A cultural relativist will agree with this statement: "It is morally right to smoke marijuana in Amsterdam because the culture approves of it."
answer
True
question
Nothing is good or bad, according to emotivists.
answer
True
question
One cannot be both an objectivist and a cultural relativist.
answer
False
question
Social reformers are always right in the view of a cultural relativist.
answer
True
question
Someone who is raised as an objectivist will likely hold that view as an adult, too.
answer
True
question
The statement, "Shoplifting is wrong," expresses only feelings of disapproval, according to emotivists.
answer
False
question
A statement affirming that an action is right or wrong or that a person is good or bad is called a(n)
answer
Moral Statement
question
A typical moral argument consists of premises and a conclusion, with the conclusion being a nonmoral statement, or judgment.
answer
False
question
An argument that is supposed to give logically conclusive support to its conclusion is said to be
answer
deductive
question
An assertion that something is or is not the case is called a(n)
answer
statement
question
An inductive argument is intended to provide probable, not decisive, support to the conclusion.
answer
true
question
Hasty generalization is a fallacy of inductive reasoning.
answer
true
question
Modus ponens is symbolized by: If p, then q; p; therefore, q.
answer
true
question
Nonmoral premises, like all premises, must be
answer
supported by good reasons.
question
The fallacy of arguing that a claim should be rejected solely because of the characteristics of the person who makes it is called argument to the person.
answer
true
question
The fallacy of arguing that the absence of evidence entitles us to believe a claim is called
answer
appeal to ignorance.
question
The fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same term in an argument is known as faulty analogy.
answer
false
question
The misrepresenting of someone's claim or argument so it can be more easily refuted is called the fallacy of the straw man.
answer
true
question
Very few arguments have implied premises.
answer
false
question
We can test the truth of a moral premise by
answer
using counterexamples.
question
What makes an argument a moral argument is that its conclusion is always
answer
moral statement
question
A moral theory is equivalent to a moral code.
answer
False
question
A moral theory is
answer
an explanation of what makes an action right or what makes a person or thing good.
question
A moral theory is
answer
helpful in attempts to make sense of moral judgments and principles.
question
A moral theory that is internally inconsistent is not eligible for further evaluation.
answer
False
question
Applying the moral criteria of adequacy is basically a subjective, arbitrary affair.
answer
consequences.
question
Consequentialist moral theories say that what makes an action right is its
answer
True
question
Ethical egoism says that the morally right action is the one that produces the most favorable balance of good over evil for oneself.
answer
True
question
Nonconsequentialist moral theories say that the rightness of an action
answer
does not depend entirely on its consequences.
question
One criterion of adequacy for moral theories is consistency with
answer
considered moral judgments.
question
One's considered moral judgments can be mistaken.
answer
True
question
eflective equilibrium is reached in one's moral experience when one's emotions are in balance.
answer
False
question
The divine command theory says that the morally right action is the one
answer
that reduces evil in the world.
question
The first step in theory assessment is to ensure that the theory meets the minimum requirement of
answer
Coherence
question
To a nonconsequentialist, telling a lie is wrong because it results in bad consequences.
answer
False
question
A major criticism of ethical egoism is that it
answer
is not consistent with one's considered moral judgments.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New