Ethics Chapter 1-4 – Flashcards
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Descriptive ethics involves the systematic investigation of...
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How people do in fact behave
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According to the divine command theory, right actions are those that are willed by God.
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True
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Things that are valuable because they are a means to something else are said to be...
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Instrumentally Valuable
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The principle of universalizability demands that a moral statement that applies in one situation must apply in...
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All situations that are relevantly similar
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The principle of impartiality demands that we treat equals equally.
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True
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All major religious thinkers have accepted the divine command theory.
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False
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Morality is...
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Beliefs concerning right and wrong, good and bad
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Ethics gives us a royal road to moral truth.
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False
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Feelings are not an important part of moral experience.
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False
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Legal norms dominate moral norms.
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False
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Morality is both accessible and meaningful to us whether we are religious or not.
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True
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Religious believers have no need to do ethics.
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False
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Ethics, or moral philosophy, is...
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The philosophical study of morality
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Embracing without question the moral beliefs of your culture can undermine your personal freedom.
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True
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There are never any good reasons for treating someone differently from the way we treat others.
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False
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The philosophical study of morality
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Ethics
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Beliefs concerning right and wrong, good and bad; they can include judgements, rules, principles, and theories
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Morality
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The scientific study of moral beliefs and practices
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descriptive ethics
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The study of the principles, rules, or theories that guide our actions and judgements
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normative ethics
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The study of the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs
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Metaethics
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A cultural relativist will agree with this statement: "It is morally right to smoke marijuana in Amsterdam because the culture approves of it."
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True
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Nothing is good or bad, according to emotivists.
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True
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One cannot be both an objectivist and a cultural relativist.
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False
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Social reformers are always right in the view of a cultural relativist.
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True
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Someone who is raised as an objectivist will likely hold that view as an adult, too.
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True
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The statement, "Shoplifting is wrong," expresses only feelings of disapproval, according to emotivists.
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False
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A statement affirming that an action is right or wrong or that a person is good or bad is called a(n)
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Moral Statement
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A typical moral argument consists of premises and a conclusion, with the conclusion being a nonmoral statement, or judgment.
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False
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An argument that is supposed to give logically conclusive support to its conclusion is said to be
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deductive
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An assertion that something is or is not the case is called a(n)
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statement
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An inductive argument is intended to provide probable, not decisive, support to the conclusion.
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true
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Hasty generalization is a fallacy of inductive reasoning.
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true
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Modus ponens is symbolized by: If p, then q; p; therefore, q.
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true
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Nonmoral premises, like all premises, must be
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supported by good reasons.
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The fallacy of arguing that a claim should be rejected solely because of the characteristics of the person who makes it is called argument to the person.
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true
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The fallacy of arguing that the absence of evidence entitles us to believe a claim is called
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appeal to ignorance.
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The fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same term in an argument is known as faulty analogy.
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false
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The misrepresenting of someone's claim or argument so it can be more easily refuted is called the fallacy of the straw man.
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true
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Very few arguments have implied premises.
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false
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We can test the truth of a moral premise by
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using counterexamples.
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What makes an argument a moral argument is that its conclusion is always
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moral statement
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A moral theory is equivalent to a moral code.
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False
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A moral theory is
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an explanation of what makes an action right or what makes a person or thing good.
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A moral theory is
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helpful in attempts to make sense of moral judgments and principles.
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A moral theory that is internally inconsistent is not eligible for further evaluation.
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False
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Applying the moral criteria of adequacy is basically a subjective, arbitrary affair.
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consequences.
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Consequentialist moral theories say that what makes an action right is its
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True
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Ethical egoism says that the morally right action is the one that produces the most favorable balance of good over evil for oneself.
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True
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Nonconsequentialist moral theories say that the rightness of an action
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does not depend entirely on its consequences.
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One criterion of adequacy for moral theories is consistency with
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considered moral judgments.
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One's considered moral judgments can be mistaken.
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True
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eflective equilibrium is reached in one's moral experience when one's emotions are in balance.
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False
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The divine command theory says that the morally right action is the one
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that reduces evil in the world.
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The first step in theory assessment is to ensure that the theory meets the minimum requirement of
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Coherence
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To a nonconsequentialist, telling a lie is wrong because it results in bad consequences.
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False
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A major criticism of ethical egoism is that it
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is not consistent with one's considered moral judgments.
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