ETA Fiber Optic Installer Certification – Study Guide – Flashcards
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Light is electromagnetic energy with a _____ frequency and a _____ wavelength compared to radios.
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Higher; shorter
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What type of light is used in fiber optic transmissions?
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Infrared (IR)
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What are the four items needed for a fiber optic system to work?
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Transmitter, fiber optic cable, receiver, and connector
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1 mW is the same as what in dBm?
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0 dBm (absolute power)
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How is the power measured in fiber optics?
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dBm
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What fiber optic wavelength has the lowest loss?
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1550 nm wavelength
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What wavelength windows are used most for fiber optic communications?
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850 nm, 1300 nm, and 1550 nm wavelengths
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What year was fiber optic cable first used in commercial telephone systems in the U.S.?
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1977
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What light source is used for singlemode fiber?
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Laser diode
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What two light sources are used with multimode fiber?
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LED and VCSEL
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All wavelengths of light travel at the same speed. (true or false; why)
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False; different wavelengths of light travel at different velocities
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Which type of fiber has the larger core size: singlemode or multimode?
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Multimode
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What is OSHA responsible for?
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OSHA is responsible for enforcing it's standards on regulated entities
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What are two ways to reduce modal dispersion?
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Use a smaller core; use graded-index fiber
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What happens to the wavelength in fiber when the number of modes increase?
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The wavelength gets shorter with more modes
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Where does Fresnel reflection occur?
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Air gas and mechanical interconnections
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What is it called when light bends when moving between water and air?
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Refraction
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What is the refractive index of the core and cladding of fiber?
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Core - 1.457 and 1.451; cladding - 1.42
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Singlemode fiber systems usually operate at what three wavelengths?
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1310 nm, 1550 nm, and 1625 nm wavelengths
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What two multimode wavelengths are the most commonly used?
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850 nm and 1300 nm wavelengths
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How is attenuation measured?
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Decibels (dB)
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What is a "mode" in fiber?
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A path of light
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What will happen to the tensile strength of a fiber cable if it is bent more than recommended?
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The tensile strength decreases
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OM3 and OM4 multimode fibers are known as what type of fiber?
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Laser optimized multimode fiber
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What are the two most common core and cladding sizes in multimode fiber?
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62.5/125 um (US); 50/125 um (EU)
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What is the buffer size for a fiber used in tight buffered cables?
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900 um
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What jacket color does singlemode fiber have?
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Yellow
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What are the 12 fiber color codes in order?
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Blue, Orange, Green, Brown, Slate, White, Red, Black, Yellow, Violet, Rose, Aqua
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OM1 and OM2 are known as what types of fibers?
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Legacy multimode fibers
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Why does graded-index fiber use numerous concentric layers of glass?
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Reduce modal dispersion
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What is the fiber's cladding bonded to during the assembly process?
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Ferrule connector
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A fiber optic cable that is "fire retardant and low smoke" is called what according to the NEC?
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Plenum
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What type of fiber has an aqua jacket?
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Laser optimized multimode fiber
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What does the gel in a loose tube fiber optic cable protect the fiber from if the jacket fails?
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Protects the fiber from moisture in outdoor environments
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What is OFNR?
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Optical Fiber Non-conductive Riser
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The NEC considers cables that contain no conductive members as what type of cable?
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Non-conductive cable
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What type of cable has optical fibers and current-carrying electrical conductors in the same jacket?
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Composite cable
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What is the name of the tight-buffered cable used for indoor applications?
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Distribution cable
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What is the last thing you do before you test a connection?
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Clean it
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What material is used for precision fiber connector ferrules?
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Ceramic material
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What pattern of polishing is used to finish a fiber connector end-face with the hand polish technique?
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Figure eight
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An MPO connector is recognized by the ANSITIA-568-C.3 standard. (true or false)
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True
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An SC connector is recognized by the ANSITIA-568-C.3 standard. (true or false)
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True
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What safety forms must be available when using any type of chemical?
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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
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How do you dispose of wast fiber ends?
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A sealable container marked for fiber waste
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What type of loss results from mated fiber ends not being perpendicular to the fiber's axis due to a poor cleave angle?
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Extrinsic loss
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A 1.25 mm ferrule is used with what type of connector?
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A small form factor connector
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The NEC is updated every _____ years.
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3
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What is required at termination points of a cable containing metallic members?
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Bounding to grounding
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What kind of cable kit branches the fiber's contained in a loose tube fiber optic cable onto 900 um outdoor diameter protective tubes?
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Fan out kits
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What are most singlemode fiber ends terminated to?
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Pigtails
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Fresnel reflection can be reduced by using what type of material?
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Index matching gel
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How should the scoring blade be held, in relation to the fiber, to achieve a good cleave?
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Perpendicular to the fiber
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What should be left for future changes when installing cable?
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Slack
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What color identifies a singlemode fiber connector's strain relief, adapter housing, and plug body?
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Blue
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What light source(s) would you use to test multimode Local Area Network (LAN) connections?
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LED and VCSEL
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What is an inspection scope used for?
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Identify dirty, damaged, or poorly finished connectors
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NEC article 770 states that unlisted cable shall extend no more than how many feet inside a structure before transitioning to listed cables?
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50 ft
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Which NEC article covers grounding and bounding?
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Article 250
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What does NEC stand for?
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National Electronic Code
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What is the generally accepted dynamic bend radius of a fiber optic cable?
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20 times dynamic; 10 times static
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What class of laser has the fewest hazards associated with it?
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Class I
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When inspecting the end face of a connector, where are you allowed to have minor defects?
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Outer cladding
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If you have a cross section of a fiber optic cable, where is the cladding: center, middle, outer ring?
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Middle
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What is the acronym for LASER?
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Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
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What does OFCR stand for?
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Optical Fiber Conductive Riser
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What are the three fiber fabrication methods to making a preform?
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MCVD, OVD, and VAD
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What is the diameter for the acrylate coating?
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250 um
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What are the three types of dispersion?
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Modal, chromatic, and waveguide
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What component of an optical power meter converts light to electrical energy?
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Photodiode
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What is the purpose of the cladding?
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Total internal reflection
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Which class of laser has the highest power and is used for surgery, research, drilling?
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Class IV
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Name three advantages of fiber optic cables versus copper cables.
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Security, light weight, bandwidth, low signal loss, electromagnetic immunity, safety, and small size
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What do the sequential markings on a fiber jacket represent?
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Approximate length of cable
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Name three ways fiber optic cables are used today.
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Network/telecommunications, cellular systems, electrical utilities, security systems (CCTV), military, medical equipment
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Never look directly into the end of fiber cables, especially with a microscope, until you are certain there is no light being transmitted down it. (true or false)
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True
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Electrodes in a fusion splicer become rounded or corroded when worn and should be replaced when the arc count reaches _____, or at the interval recommended by the manufacturer
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1000
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What is the ferrule diameter for a ST or SC connector?
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2.5 mm
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What is the first event on an OTDR trace?
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Dead zone
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Which has more bandwidth: singlemode or multimode?
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Singlemode
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What type of light source does a VFL have?
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Red laser
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What is the purpose of the Kevlar in the jacket of a fiber cable?
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Protection and strength
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What is the maximum allowed loss for a fusion splice?
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.1 db
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What does a continuity tester test for?
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Breaks in fiber
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Fiber optic transmissions are visible to the naked eye. (true or false)
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False
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What is the last event on an OTDR trace?
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Noise floor
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What is the initial test run on a fusion splicer when first turning on the equipment?
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Arc test
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What is the maximum loss for a mated connector pair?
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.75 dB
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What do Physical Contact (PC) or Angled Physical Contact (APC) ferrule finishes reduce?
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Reflectance
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What test equipment requires periodic and traceable calibrations?
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Optical power meter
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When using a conduit with one cable, what is the maximum fill ratio percentage by cross-sectional area?
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53%
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The splicing environment must be kept as _____ as possible.
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Clean
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The Telcordia general recommendation GR-326 CORE specification recommends that fiber optic connectors have a repeatability value of not greater than _____.
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.2 dB
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What type of panel is used as a central location for cross connecting, monitoring, or testing fiber cables?
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Patch panel
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What must you be aware of when preparing to install a fiber optic cable in a conduit?
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Maximum fill ration
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A microscope will not confirm fiber continuity over short distances. (true or false)
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True
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What instrument is used for testing fiber spans, shows loss per kilometer, and total distance of measurements?
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Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
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What must installers consider when installing fiber optic cables?
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Building code
