question

A chronic disease of the immune system that attacks the thyroid gland and causes goiter is called?

answer

Hashimoto thyroiditis

question

Hyaline membrane disease refers to

answer

infant respiratory distress syndrome

question

A chronic, progressive, systemic autoimmune disease of the skin that is characterized by hardening and shrinking of the skin is

answer

systemic scleroderma

question

Pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon) is the drug of choice for treatment of

answer

myasthenia gravis

question

The master gland of the endocrine system is the

answer

pituitary gland

question

A chronic, progressive neuromuscular disease that is characterized by extreme muscular weakness (generally appearing first in the face) and progressive fatigue is

answer

myasthenia gravis

question

The group of diseases that occur when antibodies develop and begin to destroy the body's own cells is

answer

autoimmune diseases

question

Smoking, drinking, nutrition, and lack of exercise are examples of

answer

predisposing factors related to life style

question

A history of repeated, chronic infections, which includes sinopulmonary symptoms (e.g., sinus tenderness, cough, fever, funny nose, abnormal sputum, dyspnea) along with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss), is usually indicative of

answer

common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID)

question

Immunodeficiency disorders result from

answer

a depressed or absent immune response

question

Symptoms of Wilms tumor may include

answer

hematuria, pain, and hypertension

question

The most common form of immunodeficiency is

answer

selective immunoglobulin A deficiency disease

question

The most common childhood malignancy is

answer

leukemia

question

Malignant tumors

answer

masses of cells that result from the reproduction of cancer cells

question

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

answer

is progressive and causes crippling and immobility

question

The primary treatment of phenylketonuria includes

answer

a protein restricted diet

question

Dwarfism is the abnormal underdevelopment of the body, or hypopituitarism, occuring in children.

answer

True

question

Products lacking FDA approval may mean ingredients listed outside the bottle may not be inside the bottle or in the amount listed.

answer

True

question

Insulin reaction can be caused by?

answer

a missed meal

question

Reyes syndrome has been linked with the use of aspirin to treat chickenpox and influenza.

answer

True

question

Mutation

answer

Changes in the genetic code of a cell

question

Antigen

answer

Stimulates the immune system to produce antobodies

question

Neoplasm

answer

Tumor, or growth of new tissue

question

Biopsy

answer

Excision of tissue for microscopic examination

question

With proper therapy the prognosis for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is

answer

generally good

question

Conditions often resulting from premature birth include

answer

necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), infantile respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), and retinopathy of prematurity

question

Hypersecretion of human growth hormone (hGH) by the pituitary before puberty resulting in abnormal and accelerated growth is called

answer

none of the above

question

_____ is a systemic, usually progressive inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spinal column.

answer

Ankylosing spondylitis

question

Injections of vitamin B12, which must be continued for life, are the primary treatment for pernicious anemia.

answer

True

question

Because anemia is a symptom of various diseases, it is important to determine the cause of the anemia.

answer

True

question

Adrenal insufficiency, with progressive destruction of the adrenal gland, is called?

answer

Addison disease

question

A congenital hypothyroid condition that causes mental and growth retaradation in the infant or young child is called?

answer

cretinism

question

Homeostasis refers to

answer

internal stability of the body

question

Tolerance of self-antigens is believed to commence during fetal life.

answer

True

question

The person experiencing insulin shock requires simple sugar.

answer

True

question

HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact and through contaminated blood and blood products.

answer

True

question

The presence of a painless lump or nodule on the thyroid gland should raise the suggestion of?

answer

cancer of the thyroid gland

question

Oral hypoglycemic agents such as DiaBeta and Glucophage can cause symptoms similar to diabetic coma.

answer

False

question

Insufficient secretion of PTH by the parathyroid gland is called?

answer

hypoparathyroidism

question

A congenital spinal defect in which no herniation of spinal cord or meninges exists is called myelomeningocele.

answer

False

question

The acquired immunity that results when a person has a disease is

answer

active

question

Benign tumors

answer

tend to remain encapsulated

question

Anaphylaxis, serum sickness, arthralgia, and status asthmaticus are

answer

systemic manifestation of severe allergic responses

question

Congenital disease are

answer

Condition existing at birth or even before birth.

question

Cryptorchidism is

answer

the failure of the testicle(s) to descend into the scrotum

question

Symptoms of fever, joint pain, malaise, weight loss, and the characteristic butterfly rash are indications of

answer

systemic lupus erythematosus.

question

The disease tht involves impairment of intestinal motility, which causes obstruction of the distal colon, is called

answer

Hirschsprung disease

question

The use of hormone therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer continues to evolve.

answer

True

question

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a chronic dysfunction of the exocrine glands, primarily attacks the

answer

lungs and digestive system

question

Side effects of nonsteriodal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include GI ulceration and bleeding, blood dyscrasias, tinnitus, rash, hypersensitivity reactions and liver toxicity.

answer

True

question

Which of the following most accurately states the orderly steps in making a diagnosis?

answer

Medical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests, diagnosis, integration of results, treatment

question

Mechanical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the immune response are

answer

included in the body's natural defense system against infection

question

The most common cyanotic cogenital heart defect that is actually a combination of four defects is called

answer

tetralogy of Fallot.

question

There are no cures for connective tissue diseases, and treatment is only palliative.

answer

True

question

Which of the following correctly states the sequence of an allergic response within the body most?

answer

Exposure to allergen stimulates production of IgE antibodies that can sebsequently trigger symptoms of allergy

question

PKU is an inborn error in metabolism of amino acids causing brain damage and mental retardation when not corrected.

answer

True

question

The patient with a platelet deficiency and the inability of blood to clot has

answer

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

question

Insulin and glucagon are produced by the

answer

pancreas

question

The infant born with fetal alcohol syndrome may experience alcohol withdrawal shortly after birth.

answer

True

question

A deficiency in the release of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) by the posterior pituitary gland causes?

answer

diabetes insipidus

question

Prevention measures for HIV infection relate directly to avoiding risk factors such as hugging, touching, and handshaking.

answer

False

question

Myxedema, or severe hypothyroidism, has its onset during pregnancy.

answer

False

question

In preventative health care the emphasis is on

answer

prophylactic medical services

question

The philosophy of hospice affirms life and neither hastens nor postpones death.

answer

True

question

Dysfunction of the endocrine system results in decreased or increased secretion of hormones.

answer

True

question

Tumor grade is determined through microscopic evaluation of the tumor or a biopsy specimen.

answer

True

question

The inflammatory disease of the CNS that attacks the myelin sheath is

answer

multiple sclerosis

question

Symptoms and signs of diabetic coma include?

answer

Increased thirst, Frequent urination, Fatigue, Nausea and vomiting, Shortness of breath, Stomach pain, Fruity breath odor, A very dry mouth, A rapid heartbeat

question

Decreased gastric production of hydrochloric acid and the resulting shortage of the intrinsic factor cause

answer

Pernicious anemia

question

Leukemia is characterized by an abmormal decrease in the number if immature white blood cells.

answer

False

question

Signs of disease

answer

include abnormal objective findings

question

The disease that begins with inflammation and edema of the synovial membranes surrounding the joint is

answer

rheumatoid arthritis.

question

Sudden infant death syndrome is

answer

the number one cause of death of infants between age 1 and 12 months

question

All patients with HIV will develop full-blown AIDS.

answer

False

question

Immunoglobulins that provide the ability to recognize foreign organisms stimulating the antigen-antibody reaction are called

answer

B-cells.

question

Among some common concerns about the health issues of older adults are substance abuse and nutritional problems.

answer

True

question

A child in the emergency room with multiple bruising of unknown cause and thrombocytopenia may be exhibiting signs of

answer

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

question

Serious side effects of uncontrolled diarrhea in the infant or child include

answer

dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

question

Autoimmune diseases occur when autoantibodies develop and begin to destroy the body's own cells.

answer

True

question

Opportunistic infections can emerge as a result of deficiencies of the immune system.

answer

True

question

The syndrome caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, which results in the excessive circulating cortisol levels, fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in the body appearance is called?

answer

Cushing syndrome

question

T-cell lymphocytes are produced in the

answer

thymus gland

question

An autoimmune condition in which erythrocytes are destroyed by antibodies causing the patient to experience fatigue, chills, fever, dyspnea, and jaundice is

answer

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

question

Autoimmune diseases occur only in the blood and kymphatic systems.

answer

False

question

Rh factor incompatibility occurs when the mother through prior pregnancy has become sensitized to thee Rh factor of the fetal red blood cells.

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements is true about lead poisoning?

answer

The child suffering from acute lead intoxication presents a medical emergency.

question

Closure of patent ductus arteriosus may be achieved by medication or by surgical closure of the ductus.

answer

True

question

Predisposing factors of disease

answer

make a person or group more vulnerable to disease

question

In hydrocephalus a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the skull causing increased intracranial pressure.

answer

True

question

Cerebral palsy is

answer

a result of damage to the central nervous system (CNS)

question

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an acute inflammatory process resulting from ischemic necrosis of he lining of the bronchial tubes.

answer

False

question

Congential hip dysplasia

answer

is an abnormal development of the hip joint

question

Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue, are the principal symptoms of?

answer

diabetes mellitus

question

Hypersecretion of hGH that causes overgrowth of the hands and feet, abnormal thickening of the bones of the face, and excessive overgrowth of the soft tissue, occuring after puberty is called?

answer

acromegaly

question

When the immune system reacts appropriately to an antigen and homeostasis is maintained it is termed

answer

immunocompetent

question

Gene therapy is now common intervention and proven cure for many diseases.

answer

False

question

A simple, or nontoxic, goiter results from?

answer

inadequate amounts of iodine in the diet

question

The holistic concept of medical care focuses on

answer

the needs of the whole person: spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional

question

Diabetes, which has its onset during pregnancy, is called?

answer

gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

question

The production of copious thick and sticky mucus that accumulates and blocks glandular ducts is characteristic of

answer

cystic fibrosis (CF).

question

Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome are examples of

answer

genetic, chromosomal diseases which are not inherited.

Essentials of Human Disease, Test 1 – Flashcards

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