Essentials of Communication Answers – Flashcards
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communication
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a systemic process in which people send and receive messages through symbols to discover and interpret meanings
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context
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circumstances important to the situation
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decoding
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the process of transforming and interpreting another's message back into the receiver's own meaning
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encoding
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the thinking process in which ideas and emotions are transformed into symbols and organized into a message
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feedback
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verbal or nonverbal responses to a message
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noise
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interference with or a distraction from the communication process; it can occur externally (outside the receiver), internally (thoughts of the receiver) or semantically (unintended meanings brought on by symbols in the message)
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participants
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the people involved in the communication; senders and receivers
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systemic
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pertaining to a system or systems; pertaining to or affecting the entire body
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transaction model
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a theory describing the relationship among elements of communication
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intrapersonal
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communication with oneself
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interpersonal
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interacting with one other person or in a small group
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perception
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the process of using our beliefs, thoughts, and observations to gather information about surroundings and people
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public communication
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a process by which one person or a group presents a message to another group in a formal manner
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small group communication
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interaction between three or more people for the "project" proposed, such as solving problems, sharing ideas and experiences, relating, and exerting influence
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Talking, listening, and reacting non-verbally are all part of communicating.
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True
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We learn more about ourselves from what others tell us about ourselves.
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True
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Relationships need communication in order to thrive.
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True
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People who are socially isolated are at a greater risk of developing a life-threatening disease.
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True
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Communication competency is essential to professional success.
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True
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"Through communication, we get to know someone better, receive help in a crisis, feel a part of a group, find comfort, get something done, and enjoy ourselves."
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relationships
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competent
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capable; sufficient for the purpose
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evaluate
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to assess the quality or value
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norm
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a standard of conduct or behavior
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repertoire
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the range of skills, aptitudes, or special accomplishments of a person or group
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Communication _____ is the ability to interact with _____ in a manner that is _____ and _____ for the situation, the individuals involved, and the task.
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competence others honest appropriate
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The _____ determines the norms that govern interactions.
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context
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Choose the three criteria you should use when considering how to respond to a situation.
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appropriateness truthfulness kindness
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Paying close attention to ______ helps you adjust your behavior so that it is more appropriate.
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feedback
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The ______ demonstrates that a message can be sent and received at the same time.
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transactional model
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a verbal or nonverbal response
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feedback
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a systemic process in which people interact with and through symbols to discover and interpret meanings
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communication
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an individual involved in the communication process
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sender-receiver
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anything that might interfere with the communication process
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noise
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communication between at least two people
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interpersonal communication
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communication used to solve problems and share ideas and experiences
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small group communication
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represent objects, ideas, processes, things, or events
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symbols
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transmission of messages to a large audience
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mass communication
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physical or social setting of communication
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context
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a process by which one person or group presents a message in a formal manner to another group
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public communication
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List the four key points of competent communication.
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Situation informs the approach Appropriate for individuals Appropriate for the task Competent communication is honest
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Define communication competence.
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Being able to interact with others with an appropriate manner.
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Define communication. Include the three factors of communication in your definition.
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Interaction between people. The factors include sending, receiving, and interpreting messages.
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Successful communication is dependent upon the ______ of your perception.
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accuracy
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What is the term for an individual involved in the communication process?
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"receiver-sender" or "sender-receiver"
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What is the term for communication between two people?
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interpersonal communication
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The _______ within which the communication process occurs influences the exchange of messages.
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context
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Jamie needed to talk with Mr. Johnson, her teacher, about her grade on the last test. Just as class begins, she rushes up to Mr. Johnson and asks: "Can you tell me why I got this grade? I think I answered #14 correctly."
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The individual receiving the communication is not considered.
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Jamie learns from her first mistake, but she still needs to talk with Mr. Johnson about her grade on the last test. She schedules a time to meet him, and at the meeting, she states: "Why did you give me a bad grade on my test? It's unfair."
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Task does not inform approach.
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Bill's in a real fix. He's promised his friend Carlos that he would play basketball at the park, but he had earlier promised to help out at home with the laundry. Bill calls Carlos: "Hey, I can't make it tonight. I'm not feeling so good. Must have been something I ate."
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The communication isn't honest.
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Melinda has been asked to speak to her fellow students during assembly. The old hall doesn't have a sound system, and the students strain to hear Melinda, who speaks barely above a whisper.
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The individual receiving the communication is not considered.
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Karen is waiting by the lockers before school for her friend Richard. They had agreed to look over the history review sheet together to be ready for the test later that day. Richard shows up late with uncombed hair and wrinkled clothes. Karen: "You're five minutes late and you look like a wreck!" Richard: (slams his locker): "You know, I don't have time for this." Karen: "Fine! Figure out the test on your own!"
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In order to Karen to achieve a better result is ask why he was late instead of assuming the worst. Scenario: Karen is waiting by the lockers before school for her friend Richard. They had agreed to look over the history review sheet together to be ready for the test later that day. Richard shows up late with uncombed hair and wrinkled clothes. Karen: "Are you okay? Why are you late?" Richard: "I'm sorry, I don't have time to talk right now." Karen: "That's okay, we can study later."
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closure
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an act or process of closing something
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proximity
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the concept that people or messages that are close to one another belong to one another
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stimulus
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(pl., stimuli) something that arouses feeling or thought
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subjective
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based on a person's opinions or feelings rather than facts
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perception
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an impression about a person or thing based on experience gained through the senses
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Which of the following would weigh heavily on a person's perception of an event?
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past experience
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Identify the order in which the stages of perception occur.
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Selection, Organization, Interpretation-Evaluation
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Which stage involves seeking relationships or connections between things?
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organization
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Which stage involves focusing on certain stimuli while ignoring others?
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selection
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Which stage involves assigning meaning to events?
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Interpretation-Evaluation
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(1) Sarah declines Jamie's invitation to go to the mall. (2) Jamie doesn't understand why Sarah has refused. (3)Jamie concludes that Sarah is mad at her.
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1. Selection 2. Organization 3. Jamie concludes that Sarah is mad at her
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bias
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a preference that limits objective judgment
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phenomenon
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an observable event or occurrence
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valid
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can be proven by facts
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field of expereince
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an individual's life history that affects his or her communication approach
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interact
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to act upon each other
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Johari Window
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a model that focuses on the balance of self-knowledge as it applies to interpersonal communication
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message
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an organized element of communication that includes meanings and symbols, encoding and decoding
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objective
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not based on emotions or personal experience; based on fact
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self-concept
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a picture a person has of him- or herself, in light of others' perspectives
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self-disclosure
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revealing information about yourself that has been hidden from others
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"Communication is a process."
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Communication is ongoing.
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"Communication is systemic."
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Each aspect can affect or influence another part.
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"Communication is symbolic."
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Communication uses gestures, signs, and body languages.
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Which model acknowledges that a message can be sent and received at the same time?
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Transactional model
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Which model overlaps the processes of Selection, Organization, and Interpretation-Evaluation?
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Stages of Perception Model
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Which model suggests that our "self" has four aspects that control what we share with others?
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Johari Window
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Communication competence is
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the ability to interact with others in a manner that is honest and appropriate for the situation, individuals, and task
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Self disclosure is
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The revealing of info about yourself that has been hidden
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Perception is
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The process of using our beliefs, thoughts and observations
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Self-concept is
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A picture you have of yourself, in light of how others view you
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What are the three factors that determine whether or not a person will self-disclose?
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Who, What, Why
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People self-disclose most often to what type of person?
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A person similar to oneself
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... communication is a process by which a person or group presents a message in a formal manner.
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Public
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... communication is communication with oneself.
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Intrapersonal
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... communication is the transmission of messages to large audiences.
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mass
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... communication is a process in which three or more people interact with each other to reach a goal.
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small group
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... communication occurs between two or more people as they establish personal relationships.
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Interpersonal
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... is characterized by its process and its systemic and symbolic nature.
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Communication
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If a person tends to avoid self-disclosure and holds things in, which of the selves is dominant, based on the Johari Window?
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Hidden self
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Jerome was in his bedroom listening to a CD. Suddenly, a loud screeching noise cut in over the music. While he was checking the CD for scratches, he heard the noise again and determined it was coming from the back yard. He followed the direction of the sound and found a crow sitting on one of the tree branches. Jerome concluded that the bird was at fault for interrupting his music.
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Organization
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Jay's 10th grade literature class waited expectantly for their teacher, Ms. Chambers, to comment on the essay exam they had taken two days before. After giving her overall impressions about the class's performance, Ms. Chambers pulled out two essays, which she described as "models that everyone else should strive to follow." As he listened to the essays read aloud, Jay felt his heart jump; one of them was his.
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Perspective of others
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ambiguous
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obscure; no definite meaning
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linguistics
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the systematic study of language
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morphology
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study of words and their structure
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phonology
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study of sounds
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pragmatics
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the branch of linguistics that studies language use rather than language structure
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semantics
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the branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of language
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symbol
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something that represents something else
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syntax
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grammatical arrangement of words and phrases
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systematic study of language
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linguistics
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set of sounds that act as building blocks of meaning
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phonolgy
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set of patterns governing the behavior of the smallest units of meaning
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morphology
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set of rules governing the arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences
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syntax
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rules that govern word meanings
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semantics
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study of the use of language within the context of physical and social settings
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pragmatics
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Which of the following are morphemes in the word "mailboxes"? Select all that apply.
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mail, box, es
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Culture may influence how language is interpreted.
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True
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When language conventions are observed, which of the following can still cause difficulties in communication? Select all that apply.
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context, ambiguous words levels of abstraction
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If you asked your friend to hand you a book and he handed you a pencil instead, which language system most likely broke down?
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semantics
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When two people of the same culture speak the same language, they always understand one another.
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False
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An abstract word refers to a concept that is
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general
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colloquial
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ordinary or familiar speech that is appropriate for informal or casual settings
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idioms
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fixed and often colorful expressions whose meaning cannot be understood from the combined meanings of individual words
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jargon
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technical language
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Which of the following characterize standard language? Select all that apply.
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used in formal settings
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The following sentence is an example of which type of language? Today, I was driving to school and this guy like totally cut me off. I mean, what's up with that?
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slang
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Which language style would be most appropriate for the given situation? a conversation with friends
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informal language
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Which language style would be most appropriate for the given situation? a mission briefing for NASA astronauts
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technical language
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Which of the following is a fixed, often colorful expression whose meaning is not tied to the meaning of its individual words?
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idiom
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abstract
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not concrete; difficult to understand
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connotation
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implied meaning
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Which type of troublesome language does the following statement represent? "That car is the worst one on the market. No one should buy it."
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disruptive
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"Fighting: words are a type of
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emotive language
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Which type of troublesome language does the following statement represent? "He made me hit him."
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irresponsible
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How can you overcome troublesome communication? Select all that apply.
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being truthful, being kind, seeking clarification
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Language that is not based on fact cannot be damaging to other people or causes.
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True
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Words can have a positive or a negative connotation.
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True
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The smallest units of meaning in a language.
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Morphemes
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The set of sounds that act as building blocks of meaning.
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Phonology
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Which of the following is also considered standard language?
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Formal langauge
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In which of the following situations would jargon be most appropriate?
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a presentation on plate tectonics
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Which language style would be most appropriate for the given situation? online chat room
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informal language
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In the following scenario, which type of troublesome language is most likely being used? You go rock climbing with a much more experienced friend, who quickly scales a high cliff and then calls down to you, "Come on up! This is a really easy climb."
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relative terms
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Which of the following characterize informal language? Select all that apply.
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has many forms, uses social dialects, uses colloquialisms and local idioms
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Which language system most likely broke down in the following sentence? I cookie ate the good
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Syntax
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Which of the following make up the Triangle of Meaning? Select all that apply.
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thoughts, words, objects
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In the following scenario, which type of troublesome language is most likely being used? In a local election, the challenger accuses the person currently in office of taking illegal tax breaks.
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emotive language
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Self-fulfilling prophecy is a primary example of the capability of language to
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influence
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Which language style would be most appropriate for the given situation? a job interview
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formal language
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is too general or broad to be understood clearly
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overly abstract language
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takes on precise meaning in a comparison
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relative term
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uses emotionally charged words
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emotive language
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does not have one definitive meaning
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equivocal language
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shifts blame to others
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irresponsible language
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is purposely indirect
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evasive language
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confuses facts with perceptions
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disruptive language
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Which of the following came about because of shifts and changes in word meanings?
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dictionaries
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How can disruptive language be avoided?
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by qualifying opinions
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spatial
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having to do with space
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A spatial relationship can indicate how closely one person stands next to another in normal face-to-face conversation
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True
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We communicate more nonverbally than verbally.
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True
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You can often learn more about what a person feels through his/her nonverbal communication than by what he/she says.
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True
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Identify the characteristic of nonverbal communication in action. Tom received second prize for his sculpture at the art fair. When Jeffrey told Sam about this, Sam, who had also entered a sculpture, smiled.
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ambiguous
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If you laugh while saying that something is funny, your nonverbal communication is ____________ your verbal communication.
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repeating
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If you smile while shaking hands and saying "hello," your nonverbal communication is ___________ your verbal communication.
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complementing
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nonverbal cues
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nonverbal behaviors that function as signals
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chronemics
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nonverbal communication that involves time
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disfluences
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pauses such as "ah" or "hmmm"
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haptics
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nonverbal behavior that involves touching
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monochronistic
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tending to schedule only one activity at a time
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paralanguage
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vocal nonverbal language
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polychronistic
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tending to schedule several activities at the same time
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proxemics
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nonverbal communication that involves space
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Identify the type of body movement holding up an index finger and middle finger to show the "peace" sign
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emblem
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Identify the type of body movement biting nails when nervous
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adaptor
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Identify the type of body movement holding a hand out above the ground to show the height of something
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illustrator
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Identify the type of facial expression. When Trish's best friend accidentally revealed that she was throwing a surprise party for Trish's sixteenth birthday, Trish kept a straight face and pretended not to hear.
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Neutralization
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It is easier to detect happiness than sadness on a person's face.
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True
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Which factors influence self-presentation? Select all that apply.
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Desire for independence, desire for acceptance, social standards, desire to communicate.
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Which zone would most likely be observed in the following situation? A kindergarten teacher helps a student who scraped her knee at recess.
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intimate zone
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Identify the type of touch. Tom slapped his friend John on the back to congratulate him on executing a double-play.
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playful
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Paralanguage always reinforces verbal messages, unlike metalanguage.
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False
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To which of the following does the statement below apply? "Emphasis influences interpretation."
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Paralanguage
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Observing others' nonverbal behavior can help you communicate more effectively.
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True
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Interpretation of nonverbal behavior is not the same across individuals.
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True
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Which of the following was not taken into consideration in order to accurately interpret nonverbal behavior? You are telling your friend about something important in your life. It's a serious moment. Suddenly, your friend glances over your shoulder and bursts out laughing. You're shocked and you immediately ask your friend how he could laugh at something so serious.
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surrounding people or events
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Competent nonverbal communication involves interacting with others in a manner that is appropriate for which of the following? Select all that apply.
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situation, task, individuals
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managing impressions
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how we dress and carry ourselves presents a particular image to others. (wearing a new suit to a job interview)
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reveals discrepancies
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Our judicial system uses polygraph tests to determine whether suspects and/or criminals are telling the truth (frowning while saying "Everything's great!")
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increase persuasive power
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How we dress and carry ourselves presents a particular image to others. People considered both powerful and talented typically dress and look the part and are treated as such. (smiling at children and getting down on their level to speak)
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regulate the interaction
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We use nonverbal communication to start and end conversations as well as signal turn-taking. (holding a hand up to signal silence)
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clarify the relationship
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If you want to know the kind of relationship one person has with another, observe their nonverbal communication. (looking a person in the eye to show good will )
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adaptor
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gestures or body movements used to satisfy a physical or emotional need (playing with hair while thinking)
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emblem
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gestures or body movements that directly translate into a word or phrase are emblems ("thumbs-up" for "Okay.")
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illustrator
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gestures or body movements that demonstrate the verbal messages they accompany (hand wave along with "Hello.")
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affect display
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often subconscious nonverbal gestures or body movements that communicate emotions, attitude, and physical state (slumped shoulders indicating fatigue or depression)
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regulator
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gestures or body movements that control or coordinate the flow of communication (holding up a hand to signal turn-taking in a conversation)
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Chronemics
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time
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Haptics
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touch
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paralanguage
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vocal cues
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Proxemics
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space
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Substituting
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holding up 2 on fingers when ordering 2 of something in a noisy area; waving instead of saying hi
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Complementing
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simultaneously clarifying, or extend the meaning of the verbal cues, conveying more information and allowing for a more accurate interpretation Ex: while describing a big fish you hold up hands and say "this big"; waving while saying "hello"
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Contradict
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nonverbal contradicts verbal Ex: saying your fine while you are crying
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Repeat
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nonverbal saying same thing AFTER verbal Ex: yelling "see you at 4" but your friend doesn't hear you so you hold up the number 4
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regulate
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Regulate: nonverbal regulates verbal Ex: saying um, backing away, moving closer, eye contact
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accent
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reinforce or emphasize verbal message i. Ex: slamming hand on desk on "must" when saying we must do something
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While cultures view time differently, punctuality is considered good taste everywhere you go.
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False
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Jim's three-year-old son proudly displayed his first work of art, a handprint with globs of paint dripping from each finger. Jim opened his mouth and eyes wide and said "Wow, Zach! Great job!"
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intensification
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display rules
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norms for the control of emotional expression (intensification, deintensification, masking, neutralizing)
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If you whisper while telling someone a secret, your nonverbal communication _______ is your verbal interaction.
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complementing
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Which of the following was not taken into consideration in order to accurately interpret nonverbal behavior? Your boss has stopped by your office to say good morning. As you are chatting, she suddenly stands up and leaves with no explanation. Your boss is normally a very conscientious person. You are left wondering what you might have done wrong.
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surrounding people or events
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If you hold your hand up signifying your wish to speak, your nonverbal communication is ______ your verbal interaction.
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regulating
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Identify the type of body movement cupping a hand behind an ear to request more volume
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regulator
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Competent nonverbal communication requires which of the following? Select all that apply.
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perception, knowledge, observation
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auditory
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having to do with hearing
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passive
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not active
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syntax
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grammatical arrangement of words and phrases
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56% of our time
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listening
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23% of our time
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speaking
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13% of our time
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reading
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8% of our time
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writing
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_________ involves organizing a person's speech according to syntax, emotional tone, and context
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understaning
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divulge
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reveal
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mnemonics
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a short rhyme, phrase, acronym, or other mental technique used to ease the task of memorization
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Listening styles must be adjusted according to the situation.
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True
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Asking a speaker questions does which of the following?
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helps us understand what he is saying
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Which of the following are examples of mnemonics?
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a short rhyme an acronym memorable phrases
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Listening is a passive activity.
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False
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Which of the following are environmental distractions?
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a TV playing loudly a hot, humid day being sick
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Patrick: My family just bought a dune buggy and-- Ralph: Oh, my family's owned one for years. I'm a great driver! You should let me take you out in it.
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monopolizing
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Katrina: Josie, did you do something different with your hair? It looks really good. Josie: Are you saying it looked bad before?
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defensive listening
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discretion
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good sense; tact
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An "interpersonal relationship" is a relationship between two or more people.
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True
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Identify the type of relationship given below. a doctor's relationship with her patient
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professional-client
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Identify the type of relationship given below. the president of a company and one of the departmental managers
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superior-subordinate
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Identify the type of relationship in the following scenario. Karin and Jana have lived next door to each other for eleven years. They walk to school together every morning, shop together on the weekends, and even go on vacation with each other. After school, they work at the same store.
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friendship
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____________ relationships are primarily goal- or task-oriented.
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professional-functional
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Which of the following are personal-social relationships? Select all that apply.
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friendships families
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Growth and development in a relationship is _____ .
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inevitable
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In which relationship stage are the individuals in the following scenario? Mick and Beth are on their first date. They met at a party two weeks ago and have decided they'd like to get to know each other better.
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experimenting
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asking questions to clarify initial perceptions
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experimenting
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people do not want to spend time together
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avoiding
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first stage of relationship development
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initiating
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involves an increase in personal involvement
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intesifying
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end of the relationship
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terminating
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relationship becomes more formal, publicly recognized
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bonding
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talk is reduced to everyday matters
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circumscribing
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stage in which "in-language" usually emerges
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integrating
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people begin to pursue outside interests
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diferentiating
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people go through the motions of being committed
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stagnating
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In which relationship stage are the individuals in the following scenario? Quentin and Spencer have both been on the basketball team for the last four months. When they talk about their practices or upcoming games, they often make jokes or refer to things that their friends who are not on the team don't always understand.
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integrating
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In which relationship stage are the individuals in the following scenario? Elizabeth and Marianne were walking home from school when Elizabeth got a text message. She pulled out her phone to see who it was from and immediately groaned. "It's Walter again," she said, stuffing the phone back into her backpack. "I wish he'd stop texting me all the time. This is like the fourth one today. It's getting really annoying."
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avoiding
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In which relationship stage are the individuals in the following scenario? Rajiv and Jaya have been dating for four months, but Rajiv recently bought an old car that he is fixing up. Jaya prefers to go to the movies with her friends when Rajiv is working on his car.
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differentiating
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accommodate
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adapt; agree with
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relational dialectic
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completing desires or motivations that influence a relationship
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sequential
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arranged in order or succession
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recognize
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identify the source of difficulty
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affirm
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Focus on each other's good points
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pose
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Suggest reasonable solutions
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risk
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Work at the relationship even if it feels one-sided
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integrate
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Put the solutions into effect
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engage
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Communicate with each other
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Relationships tend to develop or deteriorate _____.
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sequentially
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Which relational dialectic is causing tension in the following scenario? Jeff and Diane have been dating for three weeks. Jeff is crazy about Diane and calls her twice every day. Although Diane likes Jeff, she is starting to feel suffocated.
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autonomy-connected
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Cultivating a relationship requires understanding the other person. Which of the following behaviors demonstrate understanding?
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identifying with the other person ignoring distractions asking relevant questions
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Unrestrained self-disclosure will strengthen a developing relationship.
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False
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Which REPAIR tactic is being used in the following scenario? Jeff and Diane have talked about Jeff's frequent phone calls. Diane has explained that she finds them overwhelming, and Jeff has agreed to call less often. Now he only calls once every other day.
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integrate
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altercasting
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a statement that places a listener into a specific role and asks to consider a problem from a specific perspective
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conversation
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social exchange
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disclaimer
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a statement made to refuse responsibility for something
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feedback
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a response to a message
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feedforward
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messages that are sent prior to the business of conversation so that listeners know what to expect
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initiate
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begin
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phatic communication
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socially significant messages used to open channels of communication
question
The following scenario is an example of which step in the five-step model of communication? Jack: "It was nice to meet you."
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closing
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The following scenario is an example of which step in the five-step model of communication? Jed: "Hey, what's going on?" Andrew: "Not much. You?"
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opening
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"This doesn't really matter, but ..."
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hedging
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"Don't misunderstand me; I do like him ..."
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credentialing
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"Excuse me for interrupting ..."
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sin license
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"I know you already know this, but ..."
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cognitive disclaimer
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"Hear me out before you decide ..."
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appeal for suspension of judgement
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The following scenario is an example of which type of feedback? Jan: "I'm sorry that happened. It really doesn't seem fair."
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supportive
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_______ feedback is given with little or no reservation.
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low-monitoring
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The following scenario is an example of which step in the five-step model of communication? Pramod: "I asked Howard to take a look the problem. He said he would." Max: "Do you think he can fix it?" Pramod: "I think so. He said he fixed something similar last week."
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business
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conversational turns
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behavioral cues that signal a change in conversation
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maxim
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a general truth or rule of conduct
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The conversation must be opened, maintained, and closed in a manner that is respectful to both parties.
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True
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The following statement is an example of which type of opener? "Good morning. This is your captain speaking."
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self-references
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Which of the following types of openers focuses attention on the listener?
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other references
question
________ references are usually innocuous because they are the least personal and direct of the four reference types.
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context
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The maxim of ________ requires the speaker to tell the truth
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quality
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In the following scenario, which maxim is not being observed? David: So we climbed behind the waterfall, and there was this huge cave. It was amazing! Zooey: That cloud looks like a bunny. David: What?
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maxim of relevance
question
Speaker cues for maintaining conversations include which of the following? Select all that apply.
answer
turn-maintaining cues turn-requesting cues turn-denying cues turn-yielding cues backchanneling cues
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A good conversationalist will be:
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mindful flexible honest
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Not allowing prejudices or stereotypes to influence us is part of which aspect of conversation?
answer
mindfulness
question
Which of the following are some of the guidelines for conversing clearly that James Morris gives in his book The Art of Conversation? Select all that apply.
answer
be relevant be exact
question
In the following situation, sharing the information would be considered gossiping. Allison just made the JV basketball team, but she's only a freshman, so the older girls don't talk to her much. She wants the girls to like her, so she's thinking about telling them why one of the guys on the varsity basketball team got suspended. She overheard two teachers talking about the situation when she was in the office.
answer
True
question
To be a good conversationalist, which of the following is most important?
answer
being a good listener
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Which of the following are reasons why you might need to give someone your full attention in order to understand him or her?
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ambiguous language body language
question
Which of the following would not be appropriate to ask someone you'd just met?
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How much money do you make?
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The maxim of _______ requires the speaker to be brief and avoid ambiguity.
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manner
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The following statement is an example of which type of behavioral cue? "What do you think we should do?"
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turn-requesting cue
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When conversing with people from other countries, which of the following should you do?
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avoid idioms avoid slang be mindful of cultural differences
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verbal or nonverbal greeting
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opening
question
listener response
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feedback
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signals end of conversation
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closing
question
foreshadows main message
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business
question
main portion of conversation
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business
question
_______ feedback is typical of e-mail exchanges.
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delayed
question
Which of the following types of openers focuses the listener's attention on an aspect of involvement?
answer
self-references
question
The type of greeting used in a conversation depends on which of the following?
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history of the relationship context type of conversation desired
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Which of the following is inappropriate to ask a new acquaintance?
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none of the above (How many siblings do you have? Where do you work? What kind of dog do you have?)
question
_______ involves speaking about sensitive subjects in a gentle way so as not to give offense.
answer
tact
question
The following scenario is an example of which step in the five-step model of communication? Jenna: "Give me a call when you're done with finals. We can go out to lunch to celebrate."
answer
closing
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In the following situation, sharing the information would be considered gossiping. Erin's friend James cracked one of his ribs during football practice, but he doesn't want anyone to find out because he's afraid the coach won't let him play in the upcoming game. Erin is worried that he could increase his injuries and feels like she should tell James's coach.
answer
True
question
The following statement is an example of which type of opener? "Looks like it's gonna be another hot one today."
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other references
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The following scenario is an example of which type of feedback? Mr. Podsnapper (to Mr. Tremlow): "I think you're headed in the right direction, but you're not considering a couple of key points."
answer
critical
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_______ is the language system that governs meaning.
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semantics
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Which language system most likely broke down in the following scenario? Suppose a friend of yours was told that a party started at 8:00 pm, and she showed up right on time. Unfortunately, in the interest of being fashionably late, no one else showed up until 9:00 pm.
answer
pragmatics
question
In general, slang is regionally based.
answer
False
question
Which language style would be appropriate for the given situation? dinner with business clients
answer
formal language
question
Which language style would be appropriate for the given situation? software training class
answer
technical language
question
Select the four functions of language.
answer
define influence reflect evaluate
question
Emotive language uses words that are: _____. Select all that apply.
answer
emotionally charged inflammatory
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_______ language shifts blame to others.
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irresponsible
question
Taking notes in a class is part of which stage of the listening process?
answer
remembering
question
What is the second stage in the listening process?
answer
understanding
question
Identify which stage of the listening process is occurring in the following scenario. On the way home from school, Erik enthusiastically began telling his older brother Gunter about an upcoming class field trip to the zoo. Gunter looked up after a moment and said, "What?" as he pulled his earphones out of his ears.
answer
selecting
question
Which of the following are important for effective informational listening? Select all that apply.
answer
paying attention organizing information getting clarification remembering what is said
question
Which type of listening style would be most appropriate for the following scenario? Your friend tells you he's recently interviewed for a job he really wants, but after a week, he still hasn't heard from the employer.
answer
empathic
question
Which of the following listening barriers would most likely be a problem for Ashley in the following scenario? Ashley's boss is holding a meeting about an upcoming project. The office is very cold and Ashley's fingers are growing numb.
answer
none of the above (overconfidence, information overload, inaccurate perceptions)
question
Which of the following listening strategies would be most effective in helping you focus on what the speaker is saying, rather than how you would like to respond? Select all that apply.
answer
being attentive hearing the whole message
question
Which characteristic of nonverbal communication is being applied in the following situation? Megan looked across the classroom trying to catch Sarah's eye. Sarah glanced at her and quickly turned away.
answer
relational
question
If you wave at someone from a distance to get her attention, your nonverbal communication is ________ your verbal communication.
answer
substituting for
question
What function of nonverbal communication is in action in the situation below? On voting day, Jennifer looked over the names of the ballot. She would be helping to decide who the next student body president would be. Among those on the list, Sheila Anderson's name stood out. Jennifer remembered that Sheila alone had looked her in the eye when she asked the tough questions. Moreover, she dressed and spoke with confidence. What had Sheila successfully accomplished?
answer
increase persuasive power
question
Identify the type of body movement pointing something out
answer
illustrator
question
Identify the type of facial expression. Casey and Sally were playing checkers. Sally saw the opportunity to jump two of Casey's pieces and create a king in one move. Which facial expression management technique is she most likely using?
answer
neutralization
question
an informal conversation between friends
answer
personal zone
question
a classroom lecture
answer
public zone
question
a goodnight kiss from mom
answer
intimate zone
question
a business meeting in a conference room
answer
social zone
question
Identify the type of touch. Quincy sat still while Dr. Li Ching monitored his breathing with a stethoscope.
answer
task-related
question
Which person appears to be polychronistic? Ali invited a fellow classmate, Shari, to dinner. She arrived at the restaurant at precisely 7:00 p.m., the agreed time. Ali arrived a half-hour later and explained that he had to wrap up a 7:00 p.m. appointment with his professor.
answer
Ali
question
To which of the following does the statement apply? "A person's choice of space communication is influenced by status, culture, gender, age, personality, and topic."
answer
proxemics
question
Which aspect of competent nonverbal communication is in action in the example below? Peggy noticed that her new boss, Ms. Alfonzo, always shook hands with her employees. When she came by Peggy's desk, Peggy was ready to meet her hand with a firm, confident grip.
answer
observation
question
What are the three stages of perception?
answer
selection organization evaluation-interpretation
question
What are the three influences on the selection process?
answer
expectation intense stimuli repetitious stimuli
question
What are the three criteria for judging a proper response?
answer
is it true? is it considerate? is is thorough?
question
The stages of perception occur _____. Select all that apply.
answer
almost simultaneously overlapping one another
question
an overemphasis on external or internal causes
answer
over-attribution
question
a system of rules identifying certain qualities or characteristics with other qualities or characteristics
answer
implicit personality theory
question
generalizations of people/groups
answer
stereotypes
question
simple explanations for the motivations behind behavior
answer
attribution
question
the tendency to pay close attention to information that is either received first or last
answer
primary-recency
question
Evaluating the behavior of others from a(n) _______ point of view will increase the accuracy of your perception.
answer
objective
question
When you interpret the behavior of others according to your experiences and understanding of the world, your evaluation is _____
answer
subjective
question
An accurate perception is based on _____
answer
facts
question
A(n) _______ is an interpretation of the facts.
answer
perception
question
Mind reading is based on _____ assumptions
answer
assumptions
question
Formulating more than one possible _______ of your friend's behavior will help you keep an open mind.
answer
interpretation
question
Asking the other person for ______ will help you develop a more accurate ______ of that person's behavior.
answer
clarification perception
question
Monitoring your will keep you from blaming innocent people for your misfortunes. Answer Key self-serving bias ASK FOR HELP HIDE ANSWERS
answer
self-serving bias
question
Assuming a person's behavior is based on certain motives is called ______.
answer
attribution
question
Lumping a person into a particular group based on gender, occupation, age, or race is called _____.
answer
stereotyping
question
The tendency to remember first impressions over last impressions is called _____.
answer
primary-recency
question
In order to accurately perceive others you must _____.
answer
evaluate their behavior objectively
question
What will enable you to have a more accurate perception?
answer
requesting clarification on any statement you don't understand
question
What is the first stage of perception?
answer
selection
question
What are generalizations of people groups called?
answer
steretypes
question
What causes people to take credit for success and deny responsibility for failure?
answer
self-serving bias
question
In order for your brain to deal effectively with the information it receives from your senses, it must ignore some _____
answer
stimuli
question
Identify the type of relationship given below a teacher and her students
answer
superior-subordinate
question
Which of the following are characteristics of close friendships? Select all that apply
answer
honesty loyalty availability
question
In which relationship stage are the individuals in the following scenario? Ryan and Nate have been friends for a few years. Recently, they decided to go into business together. The secured investors and started up a successful consulting company.
answer
bonding
question
In which relationship stage are the individuals in the following scenario? Heather and Mona became good friends about ten years ago. For the last year, though, things haven't been the same. They no longer make the effort to meet up for lunch or go shopping together. They try to remember to call on birthdays and holidays, but sometimes they forget.
answer
stagnating
question
Which relational dialectic is causing tension in the following scenario? Marc and Emilie have been dating for two years. Marc has recently been having a problem at work. Emilie was upset when she found out that Marc chose to tell a friend of his rather than her.
answer
Openness-privacy
