Question 1

Memory is best defined as

Accepted Answer

the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information

Question 2

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is

Accepted Answer

essentially unlimited

Question 3

The process of encoding refers to

Accepted Answer

getting information into memory

Question 4

The process of retrieval refers to

Accepted Answer

getting information out of memory storage

Question 5

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory is called

Accepted Answer

long-term

Question 6

To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as

Accepted Answer

working memory

Question 7

Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of

Accepted Answer

encoding

Question 8

Automatic processing occurs without

Accepted Answer

conscious awareness

Question 9

Effortful processing can occur only with

Accepted Answer

conscious attention

Question 10

Sounds and words that are not immediately attended to can still be recalled a couple of seconds later because of our

Accepted Answer

echoic memory

Question 11

Our immediate short term memory for new material is limited to roughly _____ bits of information

Accepted Answer

7

Question 12

Which pioneering researcher made extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory?

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus

Question 13

The tendency for distributed study to yield better long term retention than massed study is known as

Accepted Answer

the spacing effect

Question 14

A mnemonic device is a

Accepted Answer

memory aid

Question 15

Chunking refers to

Accepted Answer

the organization of information into meaningful units

Question 16

Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inns by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as

Accepted Answer

chunking

Question 17

Tim, a third-grader, learns the sentence \"George Eats Old Gray Rats And Paints Houses Yellow\" to help him remember the spelling of \"geography.\" Tim is using

Accepted Answer

a mnemonic device

Question 18

A student who tried to remember a list of words by the way the words sounded when read aloud would be using ____ processing

Accepted Answer

...

Question 19

Semantic encoding refers to the processing of

Accepted Answer

meanings

Question 20

Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by the

Accepted Answer

hippocampus

Question 21

a retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ___ memory

Accepted Answer

implicit

Question 22

conscious memory of factual information is called

Accepted Answer

explicit memory

Question 23

the increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as

Accepted Answer

long-term potentiation

Question 24

the tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is called

Accepted Answer

serial position effect

Question 25

words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memories of the past are called

Accepted Answer

retrieval cues

Question 26

memories are primed by

Accepted Answer

retrieval cues

Question 27

the association of sadness with negative life events is attributed to

Accepted Answer

mood-congruent memory

Question 28

the inability to remember how Lincoln\'s head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in

Accepted Answer

encoding

Question 29

proactive interference refers to the

Accepted Answer

disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Question 30

the finding that people who fall asleep after reading a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people stay awake is evidence that forgetting may involve

Accepted Answer

....

Question 31

learning a new ATM password may block the recall of a familiar old password. this illustrates

Accepted Answer

retroactive interference

Question 32

memory of your familiar old email password may block the recall of your new password. this illustrates

Accepted Answer

proactive interference

Question 33

a type of motivated forgetting in which anxiety-arousing memories are blocked from conscious awareness is

Accepted Answer

repression

Question 34

the patient known as \"h.m\" suffered from

Accepted Answer

anterograde amnesia

Question 35

the inability to remember events from one\'s life which occurred prior to a brain injury is called

Accepted Answer

retrograde amnesia

Question 36

sigmund freud emphasized that the forgetting of painful experiences is caused by a process that involves

Accepted Answer

repression

Question 37

phillippe has just completed medical school. reflecting on his years of formal education, he is able to recall the names of all of his instructors except his fifth grade teacher who flunked him. according to freud, this illustrates

Accepted Answer

repression

Question 38

deja vu refers to the

Accepted Answer

eerie sense of having previously experienced a place or event

Question 39

the misinformation effect refers to

Accepted Answer

incorporation of misleading information into one\'s memory of the event

Question 40

visualizing an object and actually seeing that object activates similar brain areas. this most clearly contributes to

Accepted Answer

parallel processing

Question 41

compared to adults, children are more susceptible to

Accepted Answer

....

Question 42

adults who have trouble remembering incidences of childhood sexual abuse have often been led by therapists to believe that their memory difficulties are due to

Accepted Answer

repression

Question 43

stressful life experiences such as being raped are not likely to be

Accepted Answer

repressed

Question 44

repeating someone\'s name several times after meeting them is an effective way to practice

Accepted Answer

rehearsal

Question 45

mentally recreating the mood that accompanied your original learning of course material is an effective way to activate

Accepted Answer

retrieval cues

Question 46

by taking text and class notes in your own words you are improving memory by

Accepted Answer

encoding memory semantically

Question 47

in an effort to remember how to spell the word rhinocerous, samantha repeats it out loud 30 times. she is using a technique known as

Accepted Answer

rehearsal

Question 48

when first introduced to someone, marcel effectively remembers the person\'s name by repeating it to herself several times. this is an example of

Accepted Answer

rehearsal

Question 49

cognitive psychologists are most concerned with the concept of

Accepted Answer

thinking

Question 50

when we use the word automobile to refer to a category of moving vehicles we\'re using

Accepted Answer

concept

Question 51

when we use the word hispanic to refer to a category of people we use

Accepted Answer

concept

Question 52

a best example of category of objects, events, or people

Accepted Answer

prototype

Question 53

when someone mentions ivy league, trisha thinks of harvard. harvard is an example of

Accepted Answer

prototype

Question 54

when someone mentions hamburgers trisha thinks of mcondalds. mcdonalds is an example of

Accepted Answer

prototype

Question 55

intrinsic motivation is thought to be an important component of

Accepted Answer

creativity

Question 56

simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

Accepted Answer

heuristic

Question 57

a sudden realization to the solution to a problem is an

Accepted Answer

insight

Question 58

after two hours trying to solve a engineering problem, amira gives up. while trying to go to sleep she finally thinks of a solution. this is an example of

Accepted Answer

insight

Question 59

unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve

Accepted Answer

strategy-based solutions

Question 60

ashelle\'s car wouldn\'t start. she mentally goes through an alphabetical checklist of what could be wrong.her strategy best characterizes

Accepted Answer

algorithm

Question 61

People have a tendency to search for information that supports their preconceptions. What do psychologists call this tendency?

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias

Question 62

The tendency to search for information consistent with our preconceptions is called

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias

Question 63

The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called

Accepted Answer

a fixation

Question 64

Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it\'s easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

the availability heuristic

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