Question 1

According to Albert Bandura\'s approach to psychology, _____.

Accepted Answer

a. learning can occur without direct reinforcement

Question 2

Bandura believed that reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

b. can occur vicariously and still affect behavior.

Question 3

According to Bandura, the observational learning approach:

Accepted Answer

- is a less extreme form of behaviorism than Skinner\'s - takes cognitive or thought processes into consideration - studies normal human subjects in social interaction

Question 4

In the context of learning through observation, Bandura pointed out that operant conditioning is:

Accepted Answer

a. an inefficient way to learn certain skills

Question 5

In modeling, it is possible for individuals to acquire responses:

Accepted Answer

b. that have never been performed or displayed before

Question 6

Bandura\'s famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the power of:

Accepted Answer

b. modeling

Question 7

According to the Bobo doll studies conducted by Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1963, the group of children who watched an adult model attack a Bobo doll was:

Accepted Answer

d. twice as aggressive as those in the control group

Question 8

According to the studies on modeling conducted by Bandura, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

c. children model their behavior on examples provided by their parents

Question 9

Bandura found that verbal modeling:

Accepted Answer

b. works best when supplemented by behavioral demonstrations

Question 10

____ is the weakening of constraints by observing the behavior of a model.

Accepted Answer

a. disinhibition

Question 11

Which of the following is true about disinhibition and its various forms?

Accepted Answer

d. anonymity in large crowds increases tendencies of people to discard their inhibitions

Question 12

According to Bandura, deviant people:

Accepted Answer

d. followed models the rest f society considers undesirable

Question 13

All of the following factors affect the extent of modeling except:

Accepted Answer

d. the friendship between the model and the subject

Question 14

In modeling experiments, the degree of modeling increases as the _____.

Accepted Answer

- similarity between the model and the subject increases - complexity of behavior displayed by the model increases

Question 15

A child is more likely to model its behavior after:

Accepted Answer

c. a person rather than a cartoon character

Question 16

Which kind of behavior is most likely to be imitated by children?

Accepted Answer

a. aggressive

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about the characteristics of observers that influence modeling?

Accepted Answer

d. the probability of imitation of a modeled behavior is inversely proportional to self-esteem of the observer

Question 18

People who are low in _____ are much more likely to imitate a model\'s behavior than are people high in the same attribute.

Accepted Answer

a. self-esteem

Question 19

Each of the following is a process of observational learning except:

Accepted Answer

c. extinction processes

Question 20

According to Bandura, attentional processes:

Accepted Answer

b. can be influenced by the model\'s attractiveness and confidence

Question 21

Observers pay closer attention to modeled behavior that:

Accepted Answer

c. produces positive of negative consequences rather than neutral outcomes

Question 22

To retain behavior that has been observed, a person must:

Accepted Answer

c. encode and symbolically represent the model\'s behavior

Question 23

Imaginal internal representational systems:

Accepted Answer

d. help an observer in retaining the modeled behavior

Question 24

In _____, we form a mental picture of the model\'s behavior and use it as a basis for imitation at a future time.

Accepted Answer

d. an imaginal system

Question 25

In the production processes, what has been observed and retained is:

Accepted Answer

a. translated into overt behavior

Question 26

Incentive and motivational processes:

Accepted Answer

c. influence attentional and retention processes as well as performance of the desired behavior

Question 27

According to Bandura, reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

a. is experienced vicariously during our observation of a model

Question 28

Bandura believed that self-reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

c. is achieved by setting personal standards of behavior and achievement

Question 29

Self-reinforcement is:

Accepted Answer

d. apparently similar to conscience or superego

Question 30

Seeing other people fail at some activity:

Accepted Answer

b. can lower self-efficacy

Question 31

Bandura\'s approach to behavior modification is based on the belief that:

Accepted Answer

a. socially undesirable or abnormal behaviors are learned

Question 32

Bandura did not attempt to deal with:

Accepted Answer

a. underlying unconscious conflicts

Question 33

Bandura applied modeling techniques:

Accepted Answer

c. to eliminate fears and other intense emotional reactions

Question 34

In guided participation, a snake phobia can be eliminated by:

Accepted Answer

c. having subjects observe a live model, then actually handle the snake

Question 35

In the context of ethical issues, which of the following statements is true of behavior modification techniques?

Accepted Answer

b. they will be unsuccessful unless the client understands what behaviors are being reinforced

Question 36

Arguing in favor of behavior modification, Bandura said it:

Accepted Answer

b. actually increases personal freedom

Question 37

According to Bandura\'s position on free will versus determinism, people:

Accepted Answer

b. control behavior through the cognitive processes

Question 38

Bandura\'s assessment techniques include:

Accepted Answer

a. self-report inventories

Question 39

People high in self-efficacy:

Accepted Answer

a. set higher goals for themselves on the job

Question 40

In the context of collective efficacy, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

a. the level of collective efficacy in sports teams is directly proportional to their previous performance

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