question

Fetal alcohol sydrome is classified as resulting from a/an environmental hazard. genectic factor. chromosomal abnormality. infection.

answer

environmental hazard

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Pointing to an item while telling a student to pick it up is an example of gestural prompt modeling physical prompt verbal prompt

answer

gestural prompt

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Which one of the following components is part of the most recent American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) definition of intellectual disabilities? manifest before age 10 deficits in vocational skills significant limitations in intellectual functioning discrepancy between intellectual ability and achievement

answer

significant limitations in intellectual functioning

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A motivational term referring to a condition wherein a person believes that no matter how hard he or she tries, failure will result is self-determination. learned helplessness. self-defeatism. outside locus of control.

answer

learned helplessness

question

Alzheimerʹs disease has been linked to which cause of intellectual disabilities? Down syndrome neurofibromatosis hydrocephalus phenylketonuria (PKU)

answer

Down Syndrome

question

The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is short-term memory. long-term memory. working memory. active memory.

answer

working memory

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A person's awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies, and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is: perception. self-regulation working memory metacognition.

answer

metacognition

question

An increasingly common placement for students with all levels of intellectual disability is a special day school. a special class. a residential setting. a regular classroom.

answer

a regular classroom

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Intellectual disabilities that occur at the time of birth are antenatal intellectual disabilities. postnatal intellectual disabilities. perinatal intellectual disabilities. prenatal intellectual disabilities.

answer

perinatal intellectual disabilities.

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In supported competitive employment, a worker with intellectual disabilities has a competitive employment position and receives pay from a social agency rather than from the employer. incentive money ongoing assistance from a job coach. sub-minimum wage.

answer

ongoing assistance from a job coach.

question

Which statement is FALSE? Short term memory involves the ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another cognitive task. Adaptive behavior is typically assessed by the parent, teacher, or professional answering questions related to the student's behavior. The most common known hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities is Fragile X syndrome. Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses learn faster.

answer

Short term memory involves the ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another cognitive task.

question

Current estimates place the prevalence of students identified with intellectual disabilities at approximately 15 % 1 % 10% 5 %

answer

1%

question

Which statement is TRUE? Once diagnosed with intellectual disabilities, a person inevitably remains within this classification for the rest of his or her life. IQ is generally considered the single best index of how well a person will do in school. If a person achieves a low score on an IQ test, this means that his or her adaptive skills are below average. Down syndrome is usually an inherited condition.

answer

Once diagnosed with intellectual disabilities, a person inevitably remains within this classification for the rest of his or her life.

question

Claudia is a third grader with intellectual disabilities. She has thick epicanthal folds in the corner of her eyes, small stature, decreased muscle tone, speckling of the iris of the eye, a small oral cavity, and short, broad hands with a single palmar crease. These characteristics are typical of Fragile X syndrome Down syndrome cultural-familial intellectual disabilities. fetal alcohol syndrome

answer

Down Syndrome

question

Which of the following approaches involves the three components of changing thought processes, providing strategies for learning, and teaching self-initiative? self-instruction mnemonic instruction direct instruction cognitive training

answer

cognitive training

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Dyslexia refers to a severe impairment in the ability to use expressive language compute write read

answer

read

question

Which of the following is NOT suggested in the textbook as an explanation for why boys outnumber girls in the learning disabilities category? referral bias against boys other behavior by boys (hyperactivity) leads to referral greater biological vulnerability of boys lower academic expectations for girls

answer

lower academic expectations for girls

question

Agents that can cause malformations or defects in a developing fetus are called teratogens. poisons. mutations. toxinogens.

answer

teratogens

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Difficulties experienced by students with learning disabilities in interpreting the feeling and emotions of others reflects a problem with social cognition. dyslexia nonverbal learning disabilities. visual perception.

answer

social cognition

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Brianna is a junior in high school who has a learning disability and an external locus of control. When she succeeds on a homework assignment in math, she is most likely to attribute her success to math ability. effort. intelligence. help from others.

answer

help from others

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A method involving breaking down academic problems into their component parts that can be taught separately and then combined is called cognitive training. scaffolded instruction. direct instruction. task analysis.

answer

task analysis

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Most children with learning disabilities outgrow their disabilities as adults. Children and youths with learning disabilities comprise over half of all students who receive special education. The resource room is the most popular placement for students with learning disabilities. Girls outnumber boys by about two to one in the learning disability category.

answer

Children and youths with learning disabilities comprise over half of all students who receive special education.

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Which subject poses the most difficulty for most chldren with learning disabilities? reading handwriting math spelling

answer

reading

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Over the years, evidence has accumulated showing that learning disabilities manifest themselves prior to age three. dramatically improve in the adult years. occur more often in first-born children. can be inherited.

answer

can be inherited

question

Visual devices that employ lines, circles, and boxes to organize information are mnemonic organizers geometric organizers linear organizers graphic organizers

answer

graphic organizers

question

All of the following practices are typical of curriculum-based assessment EXCEPT comparison of child to national norms testing completed by classroom teacher use of curriculum the student has been exposed to frequent observations of child's behavior.

answer

use of curriculum the student has been exposed to

question

All of the following are features of Direct Instruction EXCEPT emphasis on drill and practice immediate corrective feedback student-centered lessons. fast-paced lessons

answer

student-centered lessons

question

A method in which assistance is provided to students when they are first learning tasks, then gradually reduced until the students do the tasks independently is prompted instruction self-monitoring self-regulated strategy development scaffolded instruction

answer

scaffolded instruction

question

The most common testing accommodations for students with learning disabilities are extended time and recording responses.. having directions read aloud and group administration. dividing assessment into multiple sessions and individual assessment. extended time and small group administration.

answer

extended time and small group adminstration

question

Each of the following is an element of the NJCLD definition EXCEPT Learning disabilities are due to central nervous system dysfunction. Learning disabilities are a lifelong condition. Learning disabilities can occur concurrently with mental retardation. Spelling is a specific manifestation of learning disabilities.

answer

Spelling is a specific manifestation of learning disabilities.

question

The tendency to repeat the same behaviors over and over again is called hyperactivity perseveration redundancy disorganized behavior

answer

perseveration

question

What do some authorities currently suggest should replace inattention as the primary deficit in ADHD? aggressiveness perseveration subtle brain damage behavioral inhibition

answer

behavioral inhibition

question

The ability to withhold a planned response; to interrupt a response that has been started; to protect an ongoing activity from interfering activities; and to delay a response refers to executive functions. behavioral control. self control. behavioral inhibitions.

answer

behavioral inhibitions

question

According to Barkley, each of the following is a way that people with ADHD can exhibit problems with executive function EXCEPT They have problems controlling emotions and arousal levels. They frequently have delayed inner speech. They often have problems with short- term memory. They have difficulty analyzing problems.

answer

They often have problems with short-term memory.

question

Having persons keep track of their own behavior and then receive consequences based on their behavior is called contingency-based functional assessment. consequence-based self-management. contingency-based self-management. consequence-based self-monitoring.

answer

contingency-based self-management.

question

In contingency-based self-management, the ʺcontingencyʺ is usually a type of reward aversive punishment contract

answer

reward

question

All of the following are intervention principles for ADHD, according to Pfiffner, Barkley, & DuPaul (2006), EXCEPT Rules and instructions must be clear and brief. Reinforcers should remain consistently the same. Consequences must be delivered swiftly and immediately. Consequences must be delivered more frequently than for other students.

answer

Reinforces should remain consistently the same.

question

The most frequently prescribed types of medication for students with ADHD are depressants. mood enhancers. psychostimulants. psychotropics.

answer

psychostimulants

question

Which of the following statements about Ritalin is true? By taking Ritalin, children with ADHD are more likely to become abusers of drugs later in life. Ritalin has no side effects. Research is overwhelmingly negative on its effectiveness in helping students have more normalized behavioral inhibition and executive functioning. Ritalin is not effective for about 30% of people who take it.

answer

Ritalin is not effective for about 30% of people who take it.

question

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the treatment for ADHD that shows the most effective immediate results is combined medication management and behavioral management. behavioral management. community care. medication management.

answer

combined medication management and behavioral management.

question

Each of the following is a subdivision of ADHD according to the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual EXCEPT: combined type predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type predominantly inattentive type predominantly hyperactive-inattentive type

answer

predominantly hyperactive-inattentive type

question

Students with ADHD receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in which category? (Select answer that is most frequent.) emotional or behavioral disorders other health impaired learning disabilities ADHD

answer

other health impared

question

Most students with ADHD spend most of their time in which of the following settings? general education classroom self-contained classroom special day school resource room

answer

general education classroom

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Samples taken from the population at large indicate that girls outnumber boys with ADHD at a ratio of 3 to 1. Hyperactivity is a characteristic of all children with ADHD. Recent research shows that there is evidence of a neurological basis for ADHD. Sugar has been documented to cause hyperactivity.

answer

Recent research shows that there is evidence of a neurological basis for ADHD.

question

All of the following are examples of behavioral inhibition EXCEPT resisting potential distractions while working. working for immediate gratification or short-term rewards. the ability to wait oneʹs turn. refraining from interrupting in conversations.

answer

working for immediate gratification or short-term rewards.

question

The federal definition of E/BD has been most widely criticized for its exclusion of children with learning disability social maladjustment. attention deficit disorder. autism.

answer

social maladjustment

question

Two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are withdrawal and disinterest. hostility and aggression. exterior and interior. externalizing and internalizing.

answer

externalizing and internalizing.

question

The co-occurrence of two or more conditions in the same individual is comorbidity. comingling. compatibility. concomitant.

answer

comorbidity

question

Emily is a sixth grader with E/BD. She frequently expresses delusions, talks to people who donʹt exist, and seems to be in a world of her own. These characteristics are typical of students with autism. conduct disorder. schizophrenia. anxiety-withdrawal.

answer

schizophrenia

question

According to the federal government, what percentage of the school-age population is identified for special education services under the category of ʺemotional disturbanceʺ? about 20% 7-10% less than 1% 3-5%

answer

less than 1%

question

Bert is a nine-year-old boy with E/BD. If he is like the average child with E/BD, his IQ probably falls in which range on standardized tests? well below normal well above normal normal to slightly below normal superior

answer

normal to slightly below normal

question

The most common problems exhibited by children with E/BD are withdrawn behaviors impulsive behaviors conduct disorders attention deficit behaviors

answer

conduct disorders

question

In the majority of cases, the cause of E/BD is family-related school-based biological unknown

answer

unknown

question

Increasingly, researchers recognize that problem behavior occurs less frequently in the classroom when the teacher allows unstructured free time each day. the teacher separates students with behavior problems from other students. the teacher consistently punishes each occurrence of problem behavior. the teacher is offering effective instruction.

answer

the teacher is offering effective instruction

question

Professionals believe that children with E/BD are presently underserved. By this, they mean that in many cases, schools refuse to provide services for students identified with E/BD, despite the legal mandate. special education interventions are not intense enough to meet the needs of most children with E/BD. few professionals are trained to work effectively with students in this category. only a small percentage of students with E/BD are presently identified as such by schools

answer

only a small percentage of students with E/BD are presently identified as such by schools

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Punishment may actually increase agression under certain circumstances. A student with disabilities cannot be expelled from school. Boys with externalizing forms of E/BD outnumber girls with externalizing forms of E/BD by about five to one. Suicide is now a leading cause of death for people between the ages of 15 and 24.

answer

A student with disabilities cannot be expelled from school.

question

Under IDEA, "functional behavioral assessment" (FBA) is optional. clearly refers to a specific set of procedures designed to pinpoint the function of a student's behavior. may simply mean assessment that is meaningfully related to teaching and management. is designed by school administrators.

answer

clearly refers to a specific set of procedures designed to pinpoint the function of a student's behavior.

question

An approach to dealing wih discipline problems that focuses on research-valiated practices and recognizes the "value of nonviolent negative consequences" is positive behavioral intervention and support punishment functional behavioral assessment response cost

answer

positive behavioral intervention and support

question

Patterns of behavior that signal problems in preschool are (2 answers are acceptible) hiding or withdrawing from strangers. frequent conflicts and aloofness from others. grabbing, kicking, and screaming to get one's way. infrequent outbursts, but with apparent reasons.

answer

hiding or withdrawing from strangers.

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