Psychology 101 Chapter 7, Assignment 9 – Flashcards
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In the little Albert Study, a child was conditioned to associate with an animal. Fear can be conditoned.
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Detail the findings of the famous Little Albert Study
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Operant conditioning is a learning behavior, influenced by consequences.
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In what type of learning is behavior influenced by its consequences?
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Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become unlikely.
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Law of Effect
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Positive reinforcement strengthens responses through desirable consequences, negative a response by presenting negative consequences
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In operant conditioning, how do positive reinforcers affect responses? How do negative reinforcers affect responses?
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Conditioned reinforcer
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At the conclusion of her first high school semester, Kate found that her grandparents would pay her $500 cash for each course in which she received a final grade at or above a 93%. What type of reinforcement does this describe?
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When people know that their check is coming on a certain date, they check their mailbox more often
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Give a real-world example of a FIXED-INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE
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Fixed ratio
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Explain the concept of the Skinner Box. What's the difference between a rat that pushes a bar fives times to receive food, and a rat that just randomly receives food?
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Negative punishment
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Patrick received a 'B' in Algebra. As a result, his mother took his PS4 and XBox1 away. This describes what?
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Positive punishment: Administer adverse stimulus (spankings) Negative: Withdraw regarding stimulus (taking away gaming device) *Both decrease undesirable response
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What's the difference between POSITIVE PUNISHMENT and NEGATIVEPUNISHMENT?
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Shaping
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Andrew learned how to make three point basketball shots by first making shots from six feet away. He then increased his distance to eight feet away. After Andrew could make ten shots in a row from a distance of eight feet away from the hoop, he then increased his distance by another two feet. This popular strategy best illustrates what learning process?
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1) Training a dog 2) Teaching a child 3) Making employees more productive
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Give specific ways you could use operant conditioning in your life.
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Cognitive map
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Charisma moved to Rock Hill High School from New Jersey. After a week here, she formed a mental representation of the buildings, stairwells, offices, gym, and bus lot. She no longer gets lost now due to developing what?
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Latent Learning is learning that occurs, but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
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Studies regarding latent learning have established that learning can occur without what influence?
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Observational Learning: learning without direct experience, by watching/imitating others.
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Define: OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
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Children were exposed to an adult punching a doll in anger. When angered, the children react as the adults did through OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING.
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Detail the findings of Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll Study
