question

learning is best defined as

answer

a relatively permanent change in the behavior of an organism due to experience

question

the type of learning associated with Skinner is

answer

operant conditioning

question

in pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the meat served as a

answer

US

question

in pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the tone was initially a ____ stimulus; after it was paired with meat, it became a ____stimulus.

answer

Neutral; conditioned

question

in order to obtain a reward a monkey learns to press a lever when a 1000-Hz tone is on but not when a 1200-Hz tone is on. What kind of training is this?

answer

discrimination

question

Which of the following statements concerning reinforcement is correct?

answer

Learning is most rapid with continuous reinforcement

question

cognitive process are

answer

important in both classical and operant conditioning

question

the highest and most consistent rate of response is produced by a ___ schedule

answer

variable-ratio

question

a response that leads to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus is one being

answer

negatively reinforced

question

when a conditioned stimulus is presented without an accompanying, unconditioned stimulus, ____ will soon take place.

answer

extinction

question

one difference between classical and operant conditioning is that

answer

in classical conditioning the responses are automatically triggered by stimulus

question

in garcia and koelling's studies of taste-aversion learning, rats learned to associate

answer

taste with sickness

question

in pavlovs original experiment with dogs, salivation to meat was the

answer

UR

question

learning by imitating others' behaviors is called ____ learning. the researcher best known for studying this type of learning is ____.

answer

observational; Bandura

question

Punishment is a controversial way of controlling behavior because

answer

of all of the above reasons

question

classical conditioning experiments by Rescorla and Wagner demonstrate that an important factor in conditioning is

answer

the predictability of an association

question

which of the following is an example of reinforcement

answer

all of the above are examples

question

which of the following is a form of associative learning

answer

all of the above

question

for the most rapid conditioning, a CS should be presented

answer

about one-half second before the US

question

Mirror neurons are found in the brains ____ and are believed to be the neutral basis for ___

answer

frontal lobe; observational learning

question

presentation of desired stimulus

answer

positive reinforcement

question

tendency for similar stimuli to evoke a CR

answer

generalization

question

removal of an aversive stimulus

answer

negative reinforcement

question

an innately reinforcing stimulus

answer

primary reinforcer

question

an aquired reinforcer

answer

conditioned reinforcer

question

responses are reinforced after unpredictable amount of time

answer

variable-interval schedule

question

the motivation to perform a behavior for its own sake

answer

intrinsic motivation

question

reinforcing closer and closer approximations of a behavior

answer

shaping

question

the reappearance of a weakened CR

answer

spontaneous recovery

question

presentation of an aversive stimulus

answer

punishment

question

learning that becomes apparent only after reinforcement is provided

answer

latent learning

question

each and every response is reinforced

answer

continuous reinforcement

question

a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards

answer

extrinsic motivation

question

During extinction, the ____ is omitted; as a result, the ____ seems to disappear.

answer

US;CR

question

in watson and rayner's experiment, the loud noise was the ___ and the white rat was the ___

answer

US;CS

question

in which of the following may classical conditioning play a role?

answer

All of the above

question

shaping is an ___ technique for _____ a behavior

answer

operant;establishing

question

in pavlovs studies of classical conditioning of a dogs salivary responses, spontaneous recovery occurred:

answer

when the CS was reintroduced following extinction of the CR and a rest period

question

for operant conditioning to be most effective, when should the reinforcers be presented in relation to the desired response?

answer

immediately after

question

in distinguishing between negative reinforcers and punishment, we note that:

answer

in contrast to punishment, negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a response by the termination of an aversive stimulus

question

the "piecework" or commissions method of payment is an example of which reinforcment schedule?

answer

fixed-ratio

question

putting on a coat when its cold is maintained by:

answer

negative rein.

question

on an intermittent reinforcement schedule, reinforcement is given:

answer

only some of the time

question

you teach your dog to fetch the paper by giving him a cookie each time he does so. this is an example of

answer

operant conditioning

question

in promoting observational learning, the most effective models are those that we percieve as

answer

any of the above

question

a cognitive map is

answer

mental representation of one's enviorment

question

after exploring a complicated maze for several days, a rat subsequently ran the maze with very few errors when food was placed in the goal box for the first time. this performance illustrates:

answer

latent learning

question

leon's psychology instructor has scheduled an exam every third week of the term. leon will probably study the most just before an exam and the least just after an exam. this is because the schedule of exams is reinforcing studying according to which schedule?

answer

fixed-interval

question

operant conditioning is to ___ as classical conditioning is to ____

answer

Skinner; Pavlov

question

on-line testing systems and interactive software are applications of the operant conditioning principles of:

answer

shaping and immediate reinforcement

question

which of the following is the best example of a conditioned reinforcer?

answer

receiving an approving nod from the boss for a job well done

question

experiments on taste-aversion learning demonstrates that:

answer

for the conditioning of certain stimuli, the US need not immediately follow the CS.

question

regarding the impact of watching television violence on children, most researchers believe that:

answer

watching violence on television leads to aggressive behavior

question

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus

answer

respondent

question

relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

answer

learning

question

reinforcer that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response

answer

cognative

question

type of stimulus that naturally triggers an unconditioned response

answer

unconditioned

question

unlearned, involuntary response

answer

CR

question

type of behavior that is positive and helpful

answer

proscioal

question

behavior that produces reinforcing or punishing stimuli

answer

operant

question

procedure that involves reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior

answer

shaping

question

learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

answer

CR

Psych Ch 7 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards