question

senescence

answer

A gradual physical decline related to aging; this occurs in everyone and in every body part, but the rate of decline is highly variable within and between persons

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presbycusis

answer

Aging hearing; a significant loss of hearing associated with senescence, usually not apparent until after 60.

question

menopause

answer

The time of middle age, usually around 50, when a woman's menstrual periods cease and the production of estrogen, progesterone,and testosterone drops. Strictly speaking, this usually happen one year after a woman's last menstrual period, although many months before and after that date might be affected.

question

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

answer

Taking hormone pills to compensate for hormone reduction, this is most common in women at menopause or after the removal of the ovaries, but it is also used by men when their testosterone decreases. There are medical benefits and health risks to using this

question

andropause

answer

A term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which normally results in reduced sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass; AKA male menopause

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problem-focused coping

answer

a strategy to deal with stress by tackling a stressful situation directly

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emotion-based coping

answer

a strategy to deal with stress by changing feelings about the stressor rather than changing the stressor itself.

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allostatic load

answer

The total, combined burden of physiological stresses, for example high blood pressure, that an individual lives with; wear and tear on the body. This increases the risk of disease

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mortality

answer

this term refers to is death, as a measure of health; this term also usually refers to the number of deaths each year per 1,000 members of a given population.

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morbidity

answer

this term refers to disease. As a measure of health, this term also refers to the rate of diseases in a given population - physical and emotional, acute, and chronic.

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general intelligence (g)

answer

The idea that intelligence is one of basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities. According to this concept, people have verifying levels of this general ability; can not be measured directly, inferred from various abilities, scientist try to find a common factor.

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Seattle Longitudinal Study

answer

The first cross-sequential study of Adult intelligence. This study began in 1956; the most recent testing was conducted in 2005; findings: people improve in most mental abilities during adulthood and decline later in life. abilities are distinct by gender

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fluid intelligence

answer

types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough, abilities such as short-term memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking are all usually considered part of this type of intelligence.

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crystallized intelligence

answer

Those types of intellectual intelligence that reflect accumulated learning. Vocabulary and general information are examples. Some developmental psychologists feels that this intelligence increases with age, while other intelligences declines

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selective optimization with compensation

answer

The theory, developed by Paul and Margaret Baltes that people try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already do well.

question

generativity vs stagnation

answer

name of Erikson's seventh stage of development

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Big Five

answer

five basic clusters of personality traits that remain quite stable throughout adulthood: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

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ecological niche

answer

The particular lifestyle and social context that adults settle into because it is compatible with their individual personality needs and interests.

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social convoy

answer

Collectively, the family members, friends, acquaintances,and even strangers who move through life with an individual.

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consequential strangers

answer

People who are not in a person's closest friendship circle convey but nonetheless have an impact

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kinkeeper

answer

A caregiver who takes responsibility for maintaining communicationamong family members

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sandwich generation

answer

The generation of middle-aged people who are supposedly "squeezed" by the needs of the younger and older members of their families. In reality, some adults do feel pressured by these obligations, but most are not burdened by them,either because the enjoy fulfilling them or because they choose to take on only some of them or none of them.

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ageism

answer

A prejudice whereby people are categorized and judged solely on the basis of their chronological age.

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gerontology

answer

The multidisciplinary study of old age

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young-old

answer

Healthy, vigorous, financially secure older adults, generally those aged 60 to 75 who are well integrated into the lives of their families and communities

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primary aging

answer

the universal and irreversible physical changes that occur to all living creatures as they grow older.

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secondary aging

answer

the specific physical illnesses or conditions that become more common with aging but are caused by health habits, genes, and other influences that vary from person to person.

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maximum life span

answer

the oldest possible age that members of a species can live under ideal circumstances.For humans, that age is approximately 122 years.

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average life expectancy

answer

Average life expectancy is the number of years the average new born in a particular population group is likely to live

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Hayflick limit

answer

The number of times a human cell is capable of divided into two new cells. The limit for most human cells is approximately 50 divisions, an indication that the life span is limited by our genetic program.

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control processes

answer

The part of the information processing system that regulates the analysis and flow of information. Memory and retrieval strategies, selective attention, and rules or strategies for problem solving are all useful.

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terminal decline

answer

An overall slowdown of cognitive abilities in the weeks and months before death, AKA terminal drop.

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ecological validity

answer

The idea that cognition should be measured in settings that are realistic as possible and that the abilities measured should be those needed in real life.

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dementia

answer

Irreversible loss of intellectual functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease. This is very common with age, but it is abnormal and pathological even in the very old.

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polypharmacy

answer

Refers to a situation in which elderly people are prescribed several medications. The various side effects and interactions of those medications can result in dementia symptoms.

question

positivity effect

answer

The tendency for elderly people to perceive, prefer, and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones.

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stratification theories

answer

Theories that emphasize the social forces, particularly those related to a person's social stratum or social category, limit individual choices and affect a person's ability to function in late adulthood because past stratification continues to limit life in various ways.

question

disengagement theory

answer

the view that aging makes a person's social sphere increasing narrow, resulting in role relinquishment, withdraw, and passivity.

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activity theory

answer

the view that elderly people want and need to remain active in a variety of social spheres with relatives, friends, and community groups and become withdrawn only unwillingly, as a result of ageism.

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activities of daily life (ADLs)

answer

typically identified as five tasks of self-care that are important to independent living: eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, and transferring from a bed to a chair.

question

instrumental activities of daily life (IADLs)

answer

actions, for example paying bills, and driving a car, that are important to independent living and that require some intellectual competence and fore thought. The ability to perform these tasks may be even more critical to self-sufficiency than ADL ability.

question

thanatology

answer

The study of death and dying, especially of the social and emotional aspects.

question

terror management theory (TMT)

answer

The idea that people adopt cultural values and moral principles in order to cope with their fear of death. This system of beliefs protects individuals from anxiety about their mortality and bolsters their self-esteem, so they react harshly when other people go against any of the moral principles involved.

question

palliative care

answer

Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his/her family.

question

disenfranchised grief

answer

A situation which certain people, although they are bereaved, are prevented from mourning publicly by cultural customs or social restrictions.

question

incomplete grief

answer

A situation in which circumstances, such as a police investigation or an autopsy, interfere with the process of grieving.

question

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

answer

_______are flexible and can re-emerge during the lifespan.

question

social convoy

answer

Collectively, the friends, acquaintances, and family members, and even strangers who move through life with an individual are termed that person's:

question

individual's personality

answer

this is likely to remain relatively stable over the life span.

question

expert

answer

A person who is notably more skilled and knowledgeable, tends to preform specific tasks without consciously thinking through the steps, and can do things in more creative and novel ways than a beginner is considered a(n):

question

primary aging

answer

The universal and irreversible changes physical changes that occur to all living creatures as they grow older is termed:

question

secondary aging

answer

The specific physical illnesses or conditions that become more common with aging but are caused by health habits, genes, and other influences that vary from person to person are termed:

question

temperament, intelligence nervousness productivity, and trustfulness

answer

Name the five basic clusters of personality traits that remain quite stable throughout adulthood know as the Big Five:

question

estrogen combined with progesterone; testosterone

answer

Hormone replacement therapy usually involves taking ___________________ for women, and taking __________________ for men.

question

generativity vs stagnation

answer

According to Erikson, during adulthood individuals address the crisis of:

question

Hayflick limit

answer

The number of times a human cell is capable of dividing into two new cells is termed the:

question

"g"

answer

General intelligence is referred to as:

question

allostatic load

answer

The total combined burden of physiological stresses that an individual accumulates and lives with that can make a person vulnerable to disease is his/her:

question

palliative care.

answer

Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to her/his family is termed:

question

optimization with compensation.

answer

The theory that people try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already do well by figuring out how to accomplish what they want despite their limitations is:

question

ecological niche.

answer

The particular lifestyle and social context that adults settle into because it is compatible with their individual personality needs and interests is their:

question

absent grief.

answer

A situation in which a person does not grieve the loss of a loved one, either because other people do not allow grief to be expressed or because she/he does not allow her/himself to feel sadness is:

question

incomplete grief.

answer

A situation in which circumstances, such as a police investigation or the inability to find and recover a deceased one's body, interfere with the process of grieving is:

question

activity theory.

answer

The view that elderly people want and need to remain active in a variety of social spheres with friends, relatives, and community groups is:

question

andropause.

answer

A term that signifies a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which normally results in reduced sexual drive, erections, and muscle mass is:

question

disenfranchised grief.

answer

Janet was unable to mourn the death of her father because she is a partner at a busy law firm and could not take time off of work to process her grief. She has to cover up her feelings because it would be inappropriate to express her grief at work. Janet is experiencing:

question

integrity vs despair

answer

The final stage of Erikson's developmental sequence, in which older adults seek to integrate their unique experiences with their vision of community is:

question

fictive kin.

answer

Someone who becomes accepted as part of a family to which she or he has not blood relation is called:

question

kinkeeper.

answer

A family member who takes responsibility for maintaining communication among family members is the:

question

selective attention, logical analysis, memory and retrieval processes

answer

According to the information-processing model of the brain, control processes include:

question

analytic intelligence.

answer

According to Sternberg, the form of intelligence that involves such mental processes as abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention, information processing, and verbal and logical skills is:

question

creative intelligence.

answer

According to Sternberg, a form of intelligence that involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative is:

question

practical intelligence.

answer

According to Sternberg, the intellectual skills used in everyday problem solving, which is sometimes called "street smarts" is:

question

instrumental activities of daily life (IADLs).

answer

Actions (i.e. paying bills, driving a car) that are important to independent living that require some intellectual competence and forethought are termed:

question

activities of daily life (ADLs)

answer

Five tasks of self-care that are important to independent living; eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, and transferring from a bed to a chair are termed ________________________. The inability to preform any of these tasks is a sign of frailty.

question

problem-focused coping

answer

A strategy to deal with stress by tackling a stressful situation directly is:

question

intellectual development is directly affected by an individual's life experiences.

answer

Studies on intelligence demonstrate common patterns of intellectual abilities, but do not discount the fact that:

question

hearing

answer

Presbycusis is a significant loss of ________________ associated with senescence.

question

age, gender, and ethnicity.

answer

According to stratification theories, the three major stratification categories that can limit a person's choices at every stage of life are:

question

not been supported by research.

answer

The belief that middle aged men experience a "midlife crisis", which is a period of unusual anxiety, radical self-evaluation, and sudden transformation, has:

question

False

answer

True/False: A novice is a person who is almost an expert

question

False

answer

True/False: The ability to become a selective expert is dependent on having a well above average IQ.

question

False

answer

True/False: According to some developmentalists, expertise only applies to work related ability.

question

Creative

answer

Intellectual flexibility and innovation are most closely tied to _____ adult intelligence

question

Analytic

answer

Efficient learning and thinking are most closely tied to______ adult intelligence

question

False

answer

True/False: Most middle-aged men experience a midlife crisis that provokes a radical reexamination of their lives and leads to change.

question

true

answer

True/False: By about the age 30, personality traits stabilize and remain so throughout adulthood.

question

True

answer

True/False: In many cultures, rigid gender-role demands seem to loosen during middle age. For example clothing

question

False

answer

True/False: with recent changes in the structure of the typical American family, family links have become significantly weaker.

question

False

answer

True/False: The relationship between parents and their children usually worsens as the parents pas through middle age.

question

True

answer

True/False: The longer a couple has been married, the happier they are.

question

True

answer

True/False: Divorce during middle adulthood is generally easier to cope with than divorce earlier or later in life.

question

False

answer

True/False: Remarried people generally report higher rates of happiness than people in first marriages.

question

True

answer

True/False: Compared to step-parents, adoptive parents often have an advantage in establishing bonds with their children.

question

False

answer

True/False: As people near retirement, the extrinsic rewards associated with their jobs become more important than intrinsic rewards.

question

examples of fluid intelligence

answer

working memory, abstract thought and speed of thinking are examples of what intelligence

question

examples of crystallized intelligence

answer

vocabulary and general information are two examples of what type of intelligence

question

decreases

answer

According to Cattell and Horn the effects of aging on fluid intelligence between the ages of 30 and 70________

question

increases

answer

According to Cattell and Horn the effects of aging on crystallized intelligence between the ages of 30 and 70________

question

remains steady

answer

According to Cattell and Horn, explain the OVERALL effects of aging (with crystallized and fluid intelligence combined) between the ages of 30 and 70 total intelligence.

question

myopia

answer

nearsightedness, this increases beginning in one's 20's

question

presbycusia

answer

a loss of hearing associated with senescence and that usually does not become apparent until after the age of 60

question

Presbyopia

answer

farsightedness; lens of eye is less elastic and the cornea flattens by middle age.

question

HRT for Women

answer

treatment to compensate for hormone reproduction at menopause or after removal of ovaries usually involves estrogen w/ progesterone; minimizes symptoms and diminishes the risk of osteoporosis in later adulthood, does involve health risks.

question

Disability adjusted years (DALY's)

answer

a measure of the reduced quality of life caused by disability.

question

Vitality

answer

Measure of health that refers to how healthy and energetic, physically, emotionally, and socially- an individual actually feels.

question

Quality adjusted life years (QALY's)

answer

Comparing survival without vitality to survival with good health.

question

Analytic intelligence

answer

this intelligence is valuable in high school and college, as students are expected to remember and analyze various ideas.

question

Creative intelligence

answer

this intelligence allows people to find a better match to their skills, values, or desires.

question

Practical intelligence

answer

this intelligence is useful as people age and need to manage their daily lives.

question

selective expert

answer

someone who is notably more skilled and knowledgeable than the average person about which activities are personally meaningful.

question

Intuitive

answer

experts rely on their past experiences and on immediate contexts; their actions are more intuitive and less stereotypical; novices follow formal procedures and rules.

question

automatic processing

answer

thinking that processes without deliberate, conscious thought.

question

strategic

answer

Experts have more and better strategies, especially when problems are unexpected because they Think with a________ mind

question

Flexible

answer

Experts are creative and curious, deliberately experimenting and enjoying the challenge when things do not go according to plan.

question

Self-transcendence

answer

Maslow's final stage in the Hierarchy of needs; the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self.

question

familism

answer

the belief that family members should support one another; sacrificing individual freedom and success, if necessary, in order to preserve family unity.

question

fictive kin

answer

someone who is accepted as part of a family to which there is no blood relation

question

Integrity vs Despair

answer

Erickson's final stage; feeling of being whole and comfortable with ones self. older adults seek to integrate their unique self with their vision of community.

question

Elderspeak

answer

talking to older adults as it they are children using simple slow speech and exaggerated phrases

question

optimal aging

answer

young-old typically 60-75 healthy, active, financially secure, independent, makes up the largest group of older adults.

question

usual aging

answer

old-old, age varies, these individuals suffer from some reductions in physical or mental ability or in social support, but they can still take care of themselves.

question

Pathological aging

answer

oldest-old; age varies/over 85 these individuals are infirm and are at risk for illness and injury.

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