question

The point at which a person can detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is presented is called the?

answer

absolute threshold

question

When you first put your hat on, you can feel it quite easily, but after a while, you forget that you are wearing a hat at all - the sensation is gone. What happens?

answer

habituation

question

what are the five primary tastes?

answer

bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami

question

The skin senses are concerned with?

answer

touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

question

Psychological aspects of pain perception can influence the release of the neurotransmitters called ________, the body's natural version of morphine.

answer

endorphins

question

________ is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.

answer

Learning

question

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) ________.

answer

unconditioned response

question

The abbreviation CR stands for ________.

answer

conditioned response

question

the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called ________.

answer

stimulus generalization

question

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called ________.

answer

spontaneous recovery

question

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called ________.

answer

operant conditioning

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of operant behavior?

answer

a dog blinking its eyes after a flash of light is presented

question

In operant conditioning, ________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

answer

reinforcement

question

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and, thus ________ the probability of a response.

answer

removed; increases

question

Which type of learning occurs when we observe how other people act?

answer

observational learning

question

Memory is defined as an active system that consists of three processes. They are _________.

answer

receiving information from the senses, organizing and storing the information, and retrieving the information from storage

question

The first step in the memory process is _________ information in a form that the memory system can use.

answer

encoding

question

According to the levels of processing model, we are most likely to remember information that we process at a _________ level.

answer

deeper

question

The processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval are seen as part of _____ model of memory.

answer

the information processing

question

Sitting in a very noisy restaurant, you are able to screen out all the other conversations around you so you can listen to the friend with whom you are conversing. This is an example of _________.

answer

selective attention

question

In the 1950s, George Miller estimated the number of items that could be stored in short-term memory to be the magic number _________.

answer

7, plus or minus 2

question

Repeating items over and over in order to aid memory is known as _______ rehearsal.

answer

maintenance

question

When given a list of items to remember, people tend to do better at recalling the first items on the list than the middle of the list. This is known as the ______.

answer

primacy effect

question

According to primacy and recency effects, when reading the chapters of the textbook, you are most likely to forget _________.

answer

the information in the middle of the chapter

question

Loss of memory from the point of injury or illness forward is called _______.

answer

anterograde amnesia

question

Which example would most people take longest to identify as a fruit (even though it technically is a fruit)?

answer

olive

question

What systematic problem-solving method guarantees a solution, provided that one exists?

answer

algorithmic method

question

In problem solving, the term rule of thumb refers to ________.

answer

heuristics

question

What term do psychologists use to describe our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it?

answer

confirmation bias

question

Riley has figured out how to unlock his bedroom door with a paper clip. What has he most likely overcome in his new use of the paper clip?

answer

functional fixedness

question

________ thinking works well for routine problem solving but may be of little use when a more creative solution is needed.

answer

Convergent

question

A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The person is engaging in ________.

answer

divergent thinking

question

Culture-fair tests attempt to measure ________.

answer

the intelligence of people coming from outside the culture in which the test was devised

question

Which of the following is NOT an animal that has been taught to produce behavior that some think is language-like?

answer

armadillos

question

In a _______design, one group of participants is followed and assessed as the group ages.

answer

longitudinal

question

_______ refers to heredity and _______ refers to environmental influences.

answer

Nature; nurture

question

Which of the following is a special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism?

answer

DNA

question

Tameeka is at a point in her pregnancy during which the major organs and structures of her baby are first developing. Which period of prenatal development is Tameeka currently experiencing?

answer

embryonic

question

Which of the following terms is used to describe any substance, such as a drug, chemical, or virus that can bring about a birth defect?

answer

teratogen

question

The most likely time for a miscarriage is during the _______ months.

answer

first three

question

Which sense is the LEAST functional at birth?

answer

vision

question

Which of these physical skills typically develops LAST?

answer

walking

question

Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

answer

sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operations; formal operations

question

A characteristic that first shows up in the formal operational stage is ______.

answer

abstract thinking

question

Which of the following illustrates Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding?

answer

A teacher works one-on-one with a student and then begins to withdraw help as the student becomes more skilled.

question

Which of the following is the term that refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher?

answer

zone of proximal development

question

Chester is irritable, loud, and negative most of the time. He doesn't like it when new people pick him up, and he has irregular sleeping, eating, and waking schedules. What temperament does he exhibit?

answer

difficult

question

The period of life from about age 13 to the early twenties, during which a young person is no longer physically a child but is not yet an independent, self-supporting adult, is called _______.

answer

adolescence

question

The twenties is a time of _______.

answer

peak physical health

question

The cessation of menstruation and ovulation is called _______.

answer

menopause

question

Extrinsic motivation is defined as ________.

answer

the pursuit of an activity for external reward

question

The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by ________.

answer

intrinsic motivation

question

What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?

answer

instincts

question

The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by an organism's attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst, and return the body to a state of balance, is called ________ theory.

answer

drive-reduction

question

Donald believes all the teaching in the world will not change the fact that he is stupid and of below average intelligence. According to Dweck, what locus of control does Donald have?

answer

external locus of control

question

Things that attract or lure people to action are ________.

answer

instincts

question

The two areas of the hypothalamus which appear to be related to eating behavior as a result of controlling the level of glucose in the body are called the ________ and the ________.

answer

ventromedial hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamus

question

The concept of "comfort food" suggests that eating ________.

answer

may be influenced by emotional factors

question

The part of the brain that seems to influence emotions such as fear and pleasure is the ________.

answer

amygdala

question

The process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed is called ________.

answer

facial feedback

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