PS 232 Final Exam Chapter 7 – Flashcards
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all of the above
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Individuals with attention deficit disorder (ADD)
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When presented with information we strive to ignore things that we have not experienced before.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the central tenets of Gestalt psychology?
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often see neutral events as positive, and find the "silver lining" in bad situations.
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Individuals with an optimistic explanatory style
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both outcome expectancies and reinforcement values
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According to Rotter, which of the following affect behavior?
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Children who saw aggressive behavior by adults were more aggressive themselves.
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Which of the following is true of Bandura's "Bobo doll" studies?
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both A and B
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Bandura states that in traditional behaviorism, it is believed that for learning to occur
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in novel situations
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When do we tend to weigh generalized expectancies most heavily?
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Vicarious learning
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Timmy is four years old and has never been exposed to violence in his own home. Timmy goes to his friend's house and they watch an adult movie where a man uses a gun to shoot people. When Timmy comes home his mother is upset when she sees him point his finger at his toys and pretend to shoot at them. Which type of learning, according to Bandura, would best describe how Timmy learned about shooting guns?
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People with an internal locus of control place responsibility within themselves; people with an external locus of control place responsibility outside of themselves
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Which of the following possible answers best describes the difference between internal locus of control and external locus of control?
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field independent.
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Julie is a successful interior decorator. She says that her success is due to her ability to envision the "big picture" and to create beautiful rooms without becoming too focused on small particulars within the room. For instance, she can accurately place shelving above the fireplace, despite the fact that the fireplace bricks are crooked and sloping. She is most likely
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Hyper-attentive Type.
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Different subtypes of ADHD include all of the following EXCEPT
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are bundles of information that guide us and help us understand the world
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Schemas
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Field dependent and independent people solve problems differently, making the study of field dependence an objective measure in individual differences.
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Which one of the following explanations best describes field dependency in terms of its relation to personality?
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life success.
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A person's placement on the field-dependence continuum has NOT been associated with
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females are somewhat more field dependent than males.
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In general (at the group level),
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Piaget.
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Schemas were first discussed by
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pattern or configuration.
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The word "gestalt" means
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all of the above
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Bandura's view of modeling is that it
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being conscientious
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Which of the following is NOT part of psychologist Daniel Goleman's construct of emotional intelligence?
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Schema theory
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Jean Piaget developed a theory to explain children's cognitive development. This theory was called:
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the constructs an individual has and his/her expectations and interpretations of the environment
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In George Kelly's theory, what guides a person's behavior?
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A person's habitual way of interpreting the events in his or her life.
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Explanatory style is best described as what?
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a preferential attending to information that confirms our expectations.
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A confirmation bias is
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all of the above
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John is very good about setting goals for himself. He successfully completes tasks that he sets forth for himself, and he rewards himself for his accomplishments. He often says that he is the "master of his fate," and he expects to be successful. John is likely
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optimistic.
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Joyce recently lost her young son, and the experience was devastating. She was comforted, however, by the fact that her son's organs helped four other children to live longer. She now volunteers with children at a local day-care center, which reminds her of her son, and she is thankful that she had six years of happiness with him. Joyce's explanatory style is
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internality and externality; luck, powerful others, and internality
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Rotter initially described the dimensions of locus-of-control (LOC) as __________, but more recently locus of control has been found to be comprised of __________.
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openness
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Which of the following is NOT one of Rotter's six psychological needs?
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conscientious intelligence
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Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's multiple intelligences?
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cognitive complexity
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People low in __________ see the world in more absolute and simple terms.
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humans always tend to do better on the "Turing Test" than computers.
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Research addressing computers' abilities suggests that
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individuals believe that they are not in control of what happens to them.
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Learned helplessness describes a situation in which
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Outcome expectancy plus reinforcement value
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According to Rotter's locus of control approach to personality, a person's behavior depends on
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all of the above
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Observational learning is the same as
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All internal and external forces that act on an individual
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"Life Space" according to Lewin is defined as?
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a combination of current goals and a few salient environmental features.
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How we allocate our attention is a function of
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categorization
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Stereotypes and prejudice are examples of the useful process of __________ becoming harmful.
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all of the above
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Which of the following influence whether or not a model's behavior will be repeated by an observer?
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people are "scientists" who try to make sense of their worlds.
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Kelly's personal construct theory posits that
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achievement oriented and high achievers.
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Individuals with an internal locus of control are more likely to be
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7
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Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences states that everyone has at least __________ different intelligences.
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based on observed behaviors.
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ADHD is normally diagnosed
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all of the above
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Under a cognitive approach, thought processes are viewed as
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hierarchies of learned information that is built on as a child develops
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Schemas, according to Piaget, are best described as
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optimistic.
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Evan loves life! He sky-dives, scuba-dives, rides a motorcycle, and rock-climbs. His motto is: "you only live once" and he tries to get the most out of life by doing what he wants, eating what he wants (he was voted "junk-food-junkie" in high school), and throwing caution to the wind. When questioned about this, Evan declares that he is "lucky" and that he sincerely doubts that anything negative will happen to him. Evan's explanatory style is
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pessimistic.
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Jena is a bright student, but she can't see it. Last week she got a B on her history test and was depressed for the rest of the afternoon. Her friends tried to cheer her up by offering to study with her next time, and reminding her that she'd done better than any of them, but it didn't help. In fact, Jena isn't just insecure about her scholastic abilities, but she also thinks she's ugly, fat, and without talent (the reality is that her looks are average, her weight is average, and she's a talented saxophone player). Jena's explanatory style is
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all of the above
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George Kelly states that the unique set of personal constructs that each person has
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attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation.
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The cognitive components that Bandura describes as necessary for the performance of modeled behavior are
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believe in fate.
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Individuals with an external locus of control are likely to
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past successes and failures
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Which of the following is the most important in influencing self-efficacy?
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All of the above
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Gestalt Psychology is best described as claiming that
