Learning Domain 34 – First Aid & CPR version 5.3 – Flashcards

Learning Domain 34
First Aid & CPR

– Location,
– Type of emergency,
– Nature of ill/injured person(s),
– Need for additional resources,
– Urgent enforcement actions required.

– Infectious agent (bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites),
– Reservoir,
– Portal of exit,
– Mode of transmission,
– Portal of entry,
– Susceptible host.

True

Yes!

Peace officers have the responsibility to:
– Assess emergency situations,
– Initiate appropriate emergency medical services within the scope of the officer’s training and specific agency policy.

Note: A peace officer is not required to render care when reasonable danger exists.

– Act withing the scope of their employment,
– Act in good faith,
– Provide a standard of care that is within the scope of their employment and specific agency policy.

Injured person is:
– Conscious and oriented,
– Mentally competent,
– 18 years or older.

Injured person is:
– Unconscious,
– Mental/Developmental/Emotional disability,
– Altered mental state (drug/alcohol/head injury),
– Juvenile without guardian present.

Officer must carefully document the conditions for their decision to treat the victim.

– The officer is relieved by an individual with equal or greater training and skill,
– The scene becomes unsafe for the officer to remain,
– The officer is physically unable to continue.

Rapid, systematic process to detect life-threatening conditions.
1) Check for responsiveness
2) Check ABC
3) Control major bleeding
4) Treat for shock
5) Consider C-spine stabilization

Systematic examination to determine whether injuries exist.
1) Check and document vital signs: Skin color, temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate.
2) Gather information regarding victim and incident.
3) Conduct a head-to-toe check to identify injuries.

– Deceased,
– Immediate,
– Delayed,
– Minor.

– Breathing,
– Circulation,
– Mental status.

– Imminent danger,
– Officer is unable to assess.

– Bend knees,
– Keep back straight,
– Let legs do most of the work,
– Keep victim in a straight line,
– Move victim rapidly but carefully,
– Be careful not to bump the victim’s head.

Clinical death: the moment breathing and circulation stop. May be reversible.

Biological death: takes place 4-6 minutes after breathing and circulation stop. Irreversible.

– Determine responsiveness (activate EMS, get AED)
– Pulse check (carotid, 5-10 seconds)
– Chest compression (100/min, 2 inches deep)
– Ventilation (2 breaths, 1 second each)
– 30 compressions to 2 breaths

– Determine responsiveness (activate EMS, get AED)
– Pulse check (carotid, 5-10 seconds)
– Chest compression (100/min, 2 inches deep)
– Ventilation (2 breaths, 1 second each)
– 30 compressions to 2 breaths. Rotate every 5 cycles or 2 minutes.

– Determine responsiveness (If alone leave child and activate EMS, get AED)
– Pulse check (carotid, 5-10 seconds)
– Chest compression (100/min, 2 inches deep)
– Ventilation (2 breaths, 1 second each)
– 30 compressions to 2 breaths

– Determine responsiveness (If alone leave child and activate EMS, get AED)
– Pulse check (carotid, 5-10 seconds)
– Chest compression (100/min, 2 inches deep)
– Ventilation (2 breaths, 1 second each)
– 15 compressions to 2 breaths. Rotate every 5 cycles or 2 minutes.

– Determine responsiveness (activate EMS, get AED)
– Pulse check (brachial, 5-10 seconds)
– Chest compression (100/min, 1.25 inches deep)
– Ventilation (2 breaths, 1 second each)
– 30 compressions to 2 breaths

– Determine responsiveness (activate EMS, get AED)
– Pulse check (brachial, 5-10 seconds)
– Chest compression (100/min, 1.25 inches deep)
– Ventilation (2 breaths, 1 second each)
– 15 compressions to 2 breaths. Rotate every 5 cycles or 2 minutes.

Respiratory failure: The inability to intake oxygen, to the point where life can not be sustained.

Respiratory arrest: (which can lead to cardiac arrest) When breathing stops completely.

spinal cord injury and act accordingly.

1) Place hand on victim’s forehead. Place fingers on other had under lower jaw.
2) Tilt head back
3) Move jaw forward so that lower teeth almost touch upper teeth.

NOTE: Do not use if spinal/neck/head injury is suspected.

1) Position at top of victim’s head.
2) Place hands on sides of victim’s head. Fingers placed under angle of jaw, lifting jaw. Thumbs are along victim’s cheeks.
3) Use fingers to gently push jaw forward.

NOTE: Use when head/neck/spinal injury is suspected.

Only when an object is clearly seen.

Note: Care should be taken to avoid forcing the object further into the throat.

– Infants,
– Pregnant women,
– Obese patients.
Use chest thrusts instead.

– Adult: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12/min.)
– Children: 1 breath every 3-5 seconds (12-20/min.)

– Only used in life-threatening conditions where direct pressure fails.
– Placed close to wound, between wound and heart. (not over a joint)
– Note time tourniquet is placed.

– Abrasion, (scraping away of outer skin)
– Incision, (smooth, straight cut)
– Laceration, (jagged-edged wound)
– Puncture, (deep wound)
– Avulsion, (torn away)
– Amputation. (removal of body extremity)

– Do not attempt to remove object
– Control bleeding
– Do not put pressure on the object
– Stabilize in place.

Add additional bandaging. Do not remove initial bandaging.

– Place separated skin/tissue back in proper position prior to bandaging.
– Attempt to located body part.
– Keep part dry and cool.
– DO NOT pack in ice or freeze.
– Transport part with victim.

– Altered mental status: confusion, anxiety, restlessness, combativeness, sudden unconsciousness,
– Pale, cool, moist skin,
– Profuse sweating,
– Thirst, nausea, vomiting,
– Blue/grey lips, nails, tongue,
– Rapid or weak pulse,
– Abnormal respiration, shallow/labored breathing.

shock

Shock

– Control bleeding, treat for injuries
– Be alert for vomiting,
– Maintain body temperature,
– Position victim to maintain blood flow,
– Reassure victim,
– Monitor.

DO NOT give victim anything to drink. Fluids may lead to vomiting.

– Mechanism of injury (blow to head, falls)
– Mental status (Agitated or confused, appears intoxicated,
decreased consciousness, loss of short term memory)
– Vital signs (abnormal breathing, decreased pulse, general deterioration)
– Visible injury (deformity of skull, visible bone fragments)
– Appearance (clear/bloody fluid from ears or nose, unequal pupils, bruises behind ears, discoloration around eyes, priapism)

– Activate EMS
– Control bleeding
– Be alert to cerebrospinal fluid in ears or nose (bandage)
– DO NOT apply direct pressure to skull deformities
– DO NOT elevate victim’s legs
– Be alert for sudden projectile vomit
– Treat for shock & continue to monitor

It is obstructing a victim’s airway.
– Carefully pull from direction object entered.
– Place dressings on both inside and outside of cheek.

NOTE: if the object resists, STOP. Do not pull any further.

Have victim:
– Assume a seated position
– Lean slightly forward
– Pinch nose midway where bone and cartilage meet
– Maintain position until bleeding stops

NOTE: DO NOT pack the victim’s nostrils. This could cause blood to back up and create obstructed airway.

The condition where the ribs and/or sternum are fractured in such a way that a segment of the chest wall does not move with the rest of the chest wall during respiration.

When both sides of the chest do not move in a synchronized manner.

– Activate EMS,
– Place victim in recovery position (supine with soft object held firmly),
– Treat for shock & continue to monitor.

– To prevent air from entering the chest cavity, an occlusive dressing should be applied to the wound as quickly as possible.

– A nonporous dressing (e.g., plastic bag)
– Used to cover a wound
– Creates an airtight seal.

NOTE: As victim inhales the dressing is sucked tight to the skin.

1) Place gloved hand over the wound.
2) Without moving hand, place a piece of plastic (at least two inches wider that the wound) over the hand.
3) While using free hand to gently apply pressure, remove sealing hand from under plastic.
4) Tape all but one corner of plastic. Untaped corner allows air to escape.
5) Treat for shock.

– Victim lying in fetal position
– Rapid shallow breathing
– Rapid pulse
– Rigid/tender abdomen with or without swelling
– Pain or tenderness to the touch

– Activate EMS,
– Place victim in recovery position,
– Be prepared for the victim to vomit,
– Treat for shock & continue to monitor.

– Activate EMS
– Place in recovery position
– Apply sterile dressing over wound to control bleeding
– Treat for shock & continue to monitor

DO NOT attempt to touch, move or replace organs.
– Activate EMS
– Place victim in recovery position
– Cover with moist sterile dressing (if available)
– Seal with airtight bandage
– Treat for shock & continue to monitor

Bands of connective tissue that bind muscles to bones.

– Connective tissue that attaches to the ends of bones and support joints.
– Allows for a stable range of motion.

– Fractures: Complete/partial bone break
– Dislocations: Bone pushed/pulled out of alignment
– Sprains: Severely stretched/torn ligament
– Strains: over-stretched/tearing of muscle

– Activate EMS,
– DO NOT attempt to straighten out injury,
– Expose injury by removing clothing,
– Control bleeding,
– Stabilize injury above and below joints,
– Check capillary refill and warmth of affected limbs,
– Treat for shock,
– DO NOT elevate legs if injury is in the legs.

First-degree burns (superficial burn):
– Damage to the epidermis (sunburn).
– Skin appears red, will heal without scarring.

Second-degree burns (partial thickness burn):
– Damage to the epidermis and dermis
– Skin appears red and spotted, blisters, may have slight scarring.

Third-degree burns (full thickness burn):
– Damage to epidermis, dermis and fatty/muscle tissue.
– Skin appears dry, leathery and discolored. Causes dense scar formation.

Burn caused by direct heat (fire, steam, hot liquids, sun)
– Active EMS
– Remove victim from source of heat
– Cool with cool water
– Apply dry sterile dressing and bandage loosely
– Treat for shock & continue to monitor

Burn caused by acids or alkalis.
– Activate EMS
– Wear PPE
– Brush away dry power before flushing with water for 15-30 minutes
– Cover with dry sterile dressing
– Treat for shock & continue to monitor

Burn caused when body becomes conduit for electrical current. (AC, DC, lightning)
– Ensure scene is safe.
– DO NOT touch the victim until the source of the current is turned off.
– Begin CPR (if needed).
– Examine for wounds.
– Treat all wounds as thermal wounds.
– Treat for shock and continue to monitor.

Burns when exposed to radiation.
– Activate EMS
– Evacuate the area of exposure
– Remove all exposed clothing and seal in plastic bag
– Wash body and hair with soap/water
– Dry and wrap areas in towel/blanket
– Monitor victim’s ABC and treat for shock

ONLY TREAT IF YOU HAVE APPROPRIATE PPE

– Nausea and vomiting,
– Diarrhea,
– Skin burns,
– Weakness,
– Fatigue,
– Loss of appetite.

– Drowning,
– Electrocution,
– Suffocation,
– Choking,
– Drug overdose,
– Allergic reaction,
– Shock.

– Chest pain,
– Radiating pain (down arm, jaw, shoulder, neck),
– Vital signs (difficulty breathing),
– Mental status (anxiety, irritability),
– Profuse sweating,
– Nausea,
– Heartburn.

– Place victim in a comfortable position,
– Keep victim calm,
– Maintain body temperature,
– Treat for shock and continue to monitor.

– Fast, slow or sporadic breathing,
– Breathing appears shallow or deep,
– Wheezing, gurgling, or no breathing sounds,
– Blue-grey lips, nail beds, skin,
– Anxious, fearful, paniced.

– Place victim in a position of comfort, (conscious)
– Place victim in recover position, (unconscious)
– Keep victim calm and still,
– Allow victim to take prescribed medications,
– Loosen restrictive clothing,
– Prevent shock and monitor victim.

– DO NOT restrain or place objects in mouth,
– Move harmful objects out of way,
– Cushion head,
– Keep un-involved people away.

– Confusion, delirium, dizziness, headache, unconscious,
– Paralysis of one side, numbness, convulsions, unusual/severe neck or facial pain, poor balance,
– Blurred/double vision, unequal pupil size, sensitivity to light,
– Impaired/slurred speech, difficulty understanding speech,
– Difficulty breathing and swallowing,
– Nausea, vomiting.

– Activate EMS,
– Conscious: elevate head and shoulders,
– Unconscious: place in recovery position,
– Monitor,
– Maintain open airway,
– Reassure victim,
– Prevent shock,
– Protect numb/paralyzed areas from injury,
– DO NOT give victim anything by mouth.

Insulin shock:
– Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
– Quick onset

Diabetic coma:
– Hyperglycemia (Excess sugar)
– Slow onset

– Skin: pale, cold, moist, clammy,
– Profuse perspiration,
– Mental status: hostile or aggressive,
– Fainting or seizure, may appear intoxicated,
– Rapid pulse,
– Dizziness, headache,
– Excessive hunger,
– Drooling,
– Nausea or vomiting.

– Skin: red, warm, dry,
– Breathing: labored, fruity smell,
– Decreased level of consciousness, restless, confused,
– Weak, rapid pulse,
– Dry mouth, intense thirst,
– Excessive hunger,
– Excessive urination,
– Abdominal pain, vomiting,
– Sunken eyes.

Unconscious:
– Place in recovery position,
– DO NOT attempt to give victim anything orally.

Conscious:
– Place in position of comfort,
– Give victim oral glucose,
– Prevent shock and continue to monitor.

– Ingestion,
– Inhalation,
– Absorption,
– Injection.

– Remove victim from source of poison (as needed),
– If unconscious, place in recovery position,
– Contact poison control,
– If poisoned via absorption: flood with water, wash with soap and water,
– Prevent shock and continue to monitor.

– Violent shivering,
– Numbness,
– Fatigue,
– Forgetfulness,
– Confusion,
– Cold skin,
– Loss of motor coordination,
– Rapid breathing/pulse.

– Lack of shivering,
– Rigid muscles and joints,
– Slow/shallow breathing,
– Irregular pulse,
– Dilated pupils,
– Decreased consciousness,
– Slurred speech,
– Blue-grey skin.

NOTE: may appear clinically dead.

– Move victim to warm environment,
– Replace any wet clothing with dry clothing,
– Re-warm slowly,
– Prevent shock and continue to monitor.
– DO NOT give alcoholic or caffeinated beverages or nicotine.
– Keep victim moving to increase circulation.

– Determine level of consciousness,
– Conduct primary and secondary assessments,
– If pulse but no breathing, begin rescue breathing,
– If no pulse or breathing, begin CPR.

Frostnip:
– Superficial freezing of skin’s outer layer.
Frostbite:
– Freezing of tissue below the skin’s surface.

– Remove victim from source of cold,
– Remove/loosen any clothing that may restrict circulation.

– Immobilize and protect area,
– Wrap in dry, loose bandage (wrap each digit separately)
– Allow area to re-warm slowly,
– Provide care to prevent shock.
DO NOT rub affected area.
DO NOT allow frozen area to refreeze.

When the body loses too much salt due to prolonged perspiration.

A form of shock that can occur when the body become dehydrated.

– Remove victim from the source of heat,
– Have the victim rest,
– Massage cramped muscles,
– Provide fluids in small amounts.

DO NOT give alcoholic or caffeinated beverages.

– A life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s internal temperature rises abnormally high.
– Can affect children or elderly even when not exposed to extreme heat.

– Activate EMS,
– Remove from source of heat,
– Loosen or remove victim’s clothing,
– Cool victim’s body as rapidly as possible,
– Prevent shock and continue to monitor.

A sever, life-threatening allergic reaction caused by exposure to allergens.

A hormone produced by the body. It will constrict blood vessels and dilate the bronchioles helping to open a victim’s airway.

– Remove stinger by scraping with firm object
– Wash area with soap and water
– Apply ice

If anaphylaxis:
– Assist victim in taking prescribed epinephrine,
– Active EMS,
– Prevent shock,
– Be prepared to use rescue breathing or CPR.

– Wash area with soap and water,
– Apply HEAT,
– Apply dressings to puncture wounds.

If in anaphylaxis:
– Assist victim in taking prescribed epinephrine,
– Active EMS,
– Prevent shock,
– Be prepared to use rescue breathing or CPR.

– Wash site with soap and water,
– Apply ice,
– Seek medical treatment,
– Treat for shock and continue to monitor.

– Keep victim calm and quiet,
– Place affected area in a neutral position,
– Immobilize affected area (splints if needed),
– Prevent shock,
– Seek medical attention,
– Attempt to identify snake.

DO NOT cut that area or attempt to suck our venom.

– Control bleeding,
– Wash site with soap and water,
– Cover with clean dry dressing,
– Seek medical treatment,
– Prevent shock and continue to monitor.
– If possible, identify the circumstances that led to the bite and locate the animal for rabies testing.

During the first stage of labor. (Not straining, contractions are greater than 5 minutes apart, no signs of crowning.)

– Contractions are less that two minutes apart,
– The woman feels an urgent need to bear down,
– Crowning is present,
– The amniotic sac has ruptured (water has broken).

– Prevent shock,
– Absorb blood with towels,
– Arrange for immediate transfer to medical facility.
NOTE: Blood prior to delivery is normal but excessive bleeding may indicate a complication.

– Limb presentation,
– Breech presentation (buttocks first),
– Cord presentation,
– Delayed delivery.