Learning Curve and LaunchPad Final Bio 150 – Flashcards
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Which is the correct order for these steps in cell signaling?
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receptor activation, signal transduction, then response
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The signaling molecule involved in juxtacrine cell signaling is:
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a transmembrane protein.
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Which one of the following is not a cell surface-type receptor?
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steroid receptor
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GTP binding occurs on which subunit of a G protein?
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the alpha subunit
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In cell communication, which one of the following is a requirement of the responding cell?
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It must have receptor proteins.
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Cell signaling over a long distance is known as:
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endocrine signaling.
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What is the likely cellular response to ligand binding to a steroid receptor located in the nucleus?
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a change in gene expression
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What is the function of adenylyl cyclase?
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to form cyclic AMP
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Which of the following is not an essential element involved in communication between all cells?
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transduction element
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What is a growth factor?
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a small protein that influences cell growth and division a signaling molecule involved in paracrine signaling a soluble molecule that can alter gene expression in a cell
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What determines the specificity of a receptor protein?
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the ligand-binding site
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Why are some mutations of Ras associated with cancer?
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Ras is part of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway.
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The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on:
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the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ.
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Which signaling system involves the longest time interval between release of a signaling molecule and activation of a receptor?
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endocrine
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Where would you expect to find the receptor for a nonpolar ligand?
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either in the nucleus of the cell or in the cytosol
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How do mitogen-activated protein kinases become inactive?
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Phosphatases remove phosphate groups.
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In many signaling pathways, once a signaling molecule binds to a receptor, the receptor becomes phosphorylated. This initial phosphorylation step best demonstrates:
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receptor activation.
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Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor function in:
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paracrine signaling.
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Which type of cell-surface receptor undergoes changes in phosphorylation in response to binding of its ligand?
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receptor kinase
