Question 1

Psychologists who study focus on the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information. Among these activities are the ways we solve problems, make decisions, form judgments, and assess risk.

Accepted Answer

cognition

Question 2

a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees you will solve a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier but also more error-prone use of heuristic

Accepted Answer

algorithm

Question 3

The local fire department sounds the 12 o\'clock whistle. The process by which your ears transform the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of

Accepted Answer

transduction

Question 4

Our assumptions and expectations often provide a(n) ________ for viewing reality.

Accepted Answer

perceptual set

Question 5

The wavelength of light determines its a. retinal disparity.

Accepted Answer

hue.

Question 6

In vision, an inverted mirror image of an object is focused on the

Accepted Answer

retina.

Question 7

Visual information is processed by ganglion cells

Accepted Answer

after it is processed by bipolar cells.

Question 8

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of

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proximity.

Question 9

Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as

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linear perspective

Question 10

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates

Accepted Answer

perceptual constancy.

Question 11

The Moon illusion refers to our tendency to perceive the Moon as unusually

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large when it is near the horizon.

Question 12

Immanuel Kant and John Locke would have been most likely to disagree about the extent to which perception is influenced by

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cultural experience.

Question 13

Damage to the cochlea\'s hair cells is most likely to affect our

Accepted Answer

audition.

Question 14

Dissociation has been used as an explanation for

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hypnotic pain relief

Question 15

Receptor cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the

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cerebellum.

Question 16

Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races. This undermines their claims to possess the power of

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precognition.

Question 17

Normal vision accompanied by prosopagnosia best illustrates the distinction between

Accepted Answer

sensation and perception.

Question 18

The absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus

Accepted Answer

50 percent of the time.

Question 19

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Weber\'s law.

Question 20

After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

perceptual set.

Question 21

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain\'s visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

feature detectors

Question 22

Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychologists.

Question 23

The distance between our right and left eyes provides us with a cue for depth perception known as

Accepted Answer

retinal disparity.

Question 24

Pedro recognized that his son was closer to him than his daughter because his son partially blocked his view of his daughter. Pedro\'s perception was most clearly influenced by a distance cue known as

Accepted Answer

interposition.

Question 25

A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinas as it opens, yet we still perceive it as rectangular. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

shape constancy.

Question 26

After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

perceptual adaptation.

Question 27

The cochlea is a

Accepted Answer

fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.

Question 28

A drink\'s strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

sensory interaction.

Question 29

The sense we feel when we bend our knees or raise our arms is called

Accepted Answer

kinesthesis.

Question 30

Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

associative learning.

Question 31

The process of learning associations is referred to as

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conditioning

Question 32

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)

Accepted Answer

conditioned stimulus.

Question 33

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a

Accepted Answer

UR.

Question 34

Conditioning seldom occurs when a ________ comes after a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

negative reinforcer; operant behavior

Question 35

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy felt unexpectedly nervous when she saw her cousin\'s new cocker spaniel. Her response to the dog best illustrates

Accepted Answer

spontaneous recovery.

Question 36

A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Kim-Li still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping. This reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

generalization.

Question 37

The infant Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was associated with a loud noise. In this example, fear of the white rat was the

Accepted Answer

CR.

Question 38

In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as

Accepted Answer

shaping

Question 39

If a light reliably signals a food delivery, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a ________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

conditioned

Question 40

Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 50,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement. a. fixed-interval

Accepted Answer

fixed-ratio

Question 41

Punishment ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement ________ the rate of operant responding.

Accepted Answer

decreases; increases

Question 42

An organism\'s ability to mentally anticipate that a US will follow a CS is most likely to be highlighted by a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 43

An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. This best illustrates the functioning of a. cognitive maps

Accepted Answer

. mirror neurons.

Question 44

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

observational learning.

Question 45

When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is almost impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

automatic processing.

Question 46

The spacing effect describes an effective strategy for

Accepted Answer

rehearsal.

Question 47

Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory

Accepted Answer

a conditioned fear of guns

Question 48

Having read a story once, certain amnesia victims will read it faster the second time even though they can\'t recall having read the story before. They have most likely suffered damage to the

Accepted Answer

hippocampus.

Question 49

When you have to make a long-distance call to an unfamiliar number, you have to dial an area code plus a seven-digit number. You are likely to have trouble retaining the just-looked-up number in memory because of the limited capacity of ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

short-term

Question 50

Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they first learned of the death of a close friend or family member. This best illustrates ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

flashbulb

Question 51

When you are picking the correctly learned answer from several choices, you are testing you

Accepted Answer

recognition.

Question 52

Whenever Valerie feels afraid, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie\'s experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

mood-congruent memory.

Question 53

The gradual fading of the memory trace contributes to

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storage decay.

Question 54

While taking the final exam in American history, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

retrieval failure.

Question 55

Learning a new debit card password may block the recall of a familiar old password. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

interference.

Question 56

Although Hsin typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates

Accepted Answer

motivated forgetting.

Question 57

The surprising ease with which people form false memories best illustrates that the processes of encoding and retrieval involve

Accepted Answer

memory construction.

Question 58

Last July, Steve went to see a science fiction movie about spaceship travel and alien abductions. He now remembers that he had been abducted by aliens and personally subjected to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall best illustrates

Accepted Answer

source amnesia.

Question 59

When Megan goes out to buy cosmetics, she reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan\'s self-reminder illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

a heuristic.

Question 60

The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called a

Accepted Answer

fixation

Question 61

A factory foreman mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard. As a result, he keeps a sharp eye out for signs of laziness among senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias.

Question 62

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit

Accepted Answer

overconfidence.

Question 63

In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns, as in \"green car.\" This illustrates an English language rule of

Accepted Answer

syntax.

Question 64

Vocal sounds that are not included in a person\'s native language first begin to disappear from use during the ________ stage of language development.

Accepted Answer

babbling

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