question

______ were/was essential to the culture, religion, and sustenance of the Plains Indians.

answer

Bison

question

In 1851, the government negotiated a new policy with the Plains tribes based on the divide-and-conquer strategy. This was known as the "______" policy.

answer

Concentration Policy

question

Which of the following was the law passed by Congress in 1882 that prohibited Chinese immigration to the United States? It was overturned in 1943.

answer

Chinese Exclusion Act

question

The Homestead Act of 1862

answer

failed to fill the West weight 160-acres family farms because most landless Americans were simply too poor to become farmers.

question

Barb wire was invented by

answer

Joseph F. Glidden.

question

Probably the most famous of all the precious metal strikes in the West, the site of the Comstock Lode and the Big Bonanza, was in

answer

Virginia City, Nevada.

question

Cattle herds were driven across the unsettled grassland of the ______ on their way to the railroad at Abilene, Kansas.

answer

Chisholm Trail

question

Barb wire destroyed the open range cattle industry because it

answer

prevented the free movement of cattle.

question

The two railroads joined in 1869 to form the first transcontinental railroad were the

answer

Central Pacific and the Union Pacific.

question

In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Severalty Act, which was tended to

answer

persuade Indians to abandon their traditional tribal.

question

Henry George, Edward Bellamy, and Henry Demarest Lloyd were all late-nineteenth-century

answer

radical reformers.

question

In 1890, Congress tried to restore competition by outlawing the restraint of interstate trade by corporate monopolies with the ______ Act.

answer

Sherman Antitrust

question

Which of the following was a belief that Charles Darwin's theory of the evolution of species also applied to social and economic institutions and practices? It asserted that the "fittest" enterprises or individuals prevailed, while those that were defective naturally faded away; society thus progressed most surely when competition was unrestricted by government.

answer

Social Darwinism

question

Which of the following was a farmers' organization founded in 1867 by Oliver H. Kelley? It initially provided social and cultural benefits but then supported legislation, known as the Granger laws, providing for railroad regulation.

answer

National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry

question

Known as the "Wizard of Menlo Park," the inventor of the phonograph and the electric light bulb was

answer

Thomas A. Edison.

question

Andrew Carnegie dominated the ______ industry.

answer

steel

question

By the middle of the 1880s, ______ monopolized the oil industry in the United States.

answer

John D. Rockefeller

question

Which of the following interests of Alexander Graham Bell's led to the invention of the telephone?

answer

Deaf education

question

The leader of the American Railway Union in its dramatic 1894 strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company was

answer

Eugene Debs.

question

The ______ process directed a stream of air into a mass of molten iron, burning off impurities, and greatly lowered the price of steel.

answer

Bessemer

question

In the decades following the Civil War, which area of the country became known as the "breadbasket" of America?

answer

plains agriculture. By 1889 Minnesota topped the nation in wheat production, and ten years later four of the five leading wheat states lay west of the Mississippi.

question

One result of the gold and silver rushes of the late nineteenth century was

answer

the financial position of the United States during and after the Civil War. an improved financial position for America in world trade.

question

The discovery that cattle could feed on the prairie grasses of the public domain of the northern plains led to the development of

answer

Open-Range Ranching (required actual ownership of no more than a few acres along some watercourse)

question

The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 set the pattern for government land grants by giving the builders of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads

answer

five square miles of public land on each side of their right-of-way for each mile of track laid.

question

Partly as a result of the Ghost Dance movement, the army killed some 150 Teton Sioux at ________ in 1890.

answer

Wounded Knee, South Dakota

question

President Cleveland intervened in the Pullman strike on the pretext that

answer

the soldiers were needed to ensure the movement of the mails.

question

In the late nineteenth century "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt, Thomas A. Scott, and Jay Gould organized

answer

and constructed the integrated railroad systems. Complex, transcontinental railroad lines.

question

The first union to welcome blacks, women, and immigrants into its ranks was the

answer

Knights of Labor

question

When J. P. Morgan assembled United States Steel, he

answer

was the "world's first billion-dollar corporation."

question

The new nativism of the late nineteenth century was exemplified by the

answer

American Protective Association.

question

In Thorstein Veblen's Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) he

answer

theorized that middle-class consumption was done mainly for superficial purposes.

question

In 1891, James Naismith invented the game of

answer

basketball.

question

Walter Camp played a major role in establishing

answer

football as a major sport.

question

Urban transportation was revolutionized and urban development was redirected in the 1880s by

answer

electric trolleys.

question

Which of the following terms refers to a fear or hatred of immigrants, ethnic minorities, or alien political movements?

answer

Nativism

question

Louis H. Sullivan was closely associated with

answer

the development of the skyscraper.

question

The community centers started by idealistic young people to guide and help the urban poor were

answer

settlement houses.

question

The founder of Chicago's Hull House was

answer

Jane Addams.

question

A residential apartment building, common in New York in the late 1800s that was built on a tiny lot without consideration of proper lighting and ventilation was known as a

answer

tenement.

question

According to German educator Johann Friedrich Herbart, good teaching called for

answer

psychological insight and imagination.

question

The effects of Darwinism in America were apparent in the philosophy of ______ which stated that all truths are constantly evolving and can be judged only by their concrete results.

answer

pragmatism

question

The real name of the first great American realist, Mark Twain, was

answer

Samuel L. Clemens.

question

The emphasis of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. on evolutionary change had a profound impact upon twentieth-century

answer

jurisprudence.

question

The first newspaper editor to reach a truly massive audience without abandoning his basic integrity was

answer

Joseph Pulitzer.

question

The most influential philosopher of his times and the main exponent of pragmatism was

answer

William James.

question

American painters of the late nineteenth century such as Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins painted in a style called

answer

realism.

question

The late-nineteenth-century theory of the Teutonic origins of democracy

answer

argued that the roots of democracy and the rule of law were found in the ancient tribes of northern Europe.

question

In 1869, Harvard introduced the ______ system and took the lead in reforming higher education in the Gilded Age.

answer

elective

question

A form of education which illustrated the popular desire for new information in the late nineteenth century was the

answer

Chautauqua movement.

question

Characters asked themselves, "What would Jesus do?" in Charles M. Sheldon's best-selling Social Gospel novel,

answer

In His Steps.

question

One of the causes which eventually led to restrictions on immigration was the

answer

social Darwinists' fears that immigrants would undermine American "racial purity."

question

The response of American intellectuals such as Walt Whitman and Henry Adams to the new industrial civilization was to

answer

denounce it as leading to the worship of money and material success.

question

Beginning in the 1880s, the source of American immigration shifted to new immigrants from

answer

southern and eastern Europe.

question

Social Gospelers believed

answer

the church should focus on improving the lives of the poor, ending child labor, and reguating he power of big corporations.

question

The new literary style of the 1870s and 1880s which often examined social problems such as slum conditions and portrayed people of every social class was

answer

realism.

question

The educator John Dewey insisted that

answer

education was the fundamental method of social progress.

question

In The Higher Learning in America, Thorstein Veblen

answer

criticized the intrusion of business into uninersities.

question

One of the first book to treat sex forthrightly was

answer

Sister Carrie.

question

In its treaties with Native Americans, the American government generally

answer

showed little interest in honoring them.

question

By the end of the nineteenth century, U.S. industrial capacity

answer

dwarfed both Great Britain's and Germany's.

question

As a result of the ______, membership in the Knights of Labor declined quickly because the public associated unions with violence and radicalism.

answer

Haymarket Square riot

question

The federal regulatory board, established in 1887 by Congress to supervise the affairs of railroads, investigate complaints, and issue "cease and desist" orders against railroads acting illegally, was the

answer

Interstate Commerce Commission.

question

In his frontier thesis, Frederick Jackson Turner argued that

answer

the frontier gave Americans their unique character.

question

Industrialist Andrew Carnegie donated millions of dollars to help

answer

build public libraries.

question

In the late nineteenth century, Johns Hopkins, Jonas Clark, and John D. Rockefeller were all

answer

wealthy founders of new universities.

question

In 1870, most American colleges were

answer

small and intellectually stagnant with few professors of any intellectual repute.

question

Vassar College holds the distinction of

answer

being the first college for women.

question

Many Americans believed that ______ were responsible for cholera epidemics.

answer

immigrants

question

Middle-class families in the late nineteenth century became

answer

smaller because women married later in life and practiced abstinence.

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