question

The components of stimuli from sources such as vision, audition, and touch are thought to be __________ in the stimulus identification stage.

answer

Assembled.

question

According to Donders (1868), a C-type (go/no-go reaction) task requires __________.

answer

Stimulus detection, stimulus identification and response selection.

question

__________ refers to the degree to which a simulator mimics the criterion task.

answer

Fidelity.

question

Define Bandwidth feedback

answer

Feedback given to learners when errors exceed certain tolerance levels.

question

__________ practice provides relatively little rest between trials, whereas __________ practice calls for much more rest between trials.

answer

Massed & distributed.

question

What is an example that illustrates the specificity of learning?

answer

Transferal of skills from mini golf to a golf course.

question

Define the specificity of learning

answer

Athletes must adapt and develop a variation of their skills.

question

In a transfer design, the temporary effect of the variable must be?

answer

Allowed to dissipate.

question

Define the inverted-U principle

answer

Examines the relationship between arousal and performance.

question

Define skills

answer

Proficiency that can be modified by practice and is essentially countless in number.

question

Define absolute frequency

answer

Total number of feedback presentations across a set number of trials.

question

Define relative frequency

answer

How often something happens divided by all outcomes.

question

Define frequency percentage

answer

Frequency expressed as a percentage. i.e. frequency of 0.50 is equivalent to a percentage of 50%.

question

Define frequency number

answer

Frequency expressed as a number. i.e. frequency of 5% is equivalent to 0.05.

question

What are the three different types of goals that can be set?

answer

Outcome Process Performance

question

Outcome goal

answer

A goal that isn't under your control. Example: being the most dominant player on a team.

question

Process goal

answer

Process goals are completely under your control. Example: In order to pick up on defence quickly, you can use focus, concentration, and communication to read the ball and your opponent.

question

Performance goal

answer

Goals are what you are trying to achieve. Example: Be on your opponent within two seconds of them having the ball.

question

Which goal is more important than the other?

answer

Process goals provide a chance to work up to a bigger performance goal, they can also provide guidance and give clarity on the final goal.

question

Define Choking

answer

When a player allows situational, environmental, or psychological factors to inhibit their performance.

question

Three strategies to alleviate choking?

answer

-Relaxation techniques: breathing & meditation. -Imagery: See yourself performing well in close games etc. -Develop focus cues: sayings or visual reminders to self.

question

Define aggression

answer

Any behaviour with the goal of harming or injuring another player who is motivated to avoid such treatment.

question

Name two different types of aggression

answer

Instrumental aggression and Hostile aggression

question

Define hostile aggression

answer

intent to harm another player, deliberate misconduct to gain possession of the ball like ankle tapping a player.

question

Define instrumental aggression

answer

to achieve a goal by using aggression, like a rugby player using aggression to tackle his opponent to win the ball back.

question

Define flow

answer

Mental state of optimal arousal for peak performance.

question

Three factors that achieve flow

answer

Motivation to perform, appropriate focus, optimal preparedness.

question

Three factors affecting flow

answer

Poor physical preparedness, Environmental factors and stress.

question

Define motor learning

answer

Study of processes involved in refining and acquiring skills.

question

Two important factors in motor learning

answer

Learning produces an acquired capability for skilled performance. Learning requires relatively permanent changes.

question

Factors in communication: Completeness

answer

the understanding that not everyone will always know what you are talking about and trying to communicate.

question

Factors in communication: Concise

answer

use clear and relevant information to keep interest high.

question

Factors in communication: Considerate

answer

develop a relationship with the audience, have them interact and give feedback.

question

Factors in communication: Courteous

answer

be kind and understanding when attempting to interact with an audience by using welcoming gestures and keep the flow of conversation steady.

question

Factors in communication: Clarity

answer

if you want to insight change on an individual or a group you must first be clear with what that change is.

question

Factors in communication: Appropriateness

answer

Pick the theme of conversation to match the type of audience you are communicating with.

question

Unhealthy behaviour in sport

answer

Steroid use

question

Prevalence of steroids in sport

answer

Substance abuse and performance enhancing drugs hit the forefront of high level sport in the 20th century. Substances such as amphetamines, stimulants and hormone boosters are popular forms of steroids amongst athletes.

question

Predictive factors

answer

Skin condition, race times or weights lifted, moods and hormonal fluctuation.

question

Reasons for using steriods

answer

Improve athletic performance, increase muscle mass, reduce body fat, often athletes have a condition called "muscle dysmorphia" which means that no matter how big or good they look in the mirror they still see nothing that pleases them.

question

Name one way to improve or reduce steroid use

answer

Seek professional help if suffering from muscle dysmorphia, recreational users just wanting performance boosts are warned regular of the chance of random drug testing, faced with bans in the sport, or have fines given to them. These outcomes scare off a number of potential steroid users.

question

Define imagery

answer

pictures in the mind or visual representation in the absence of environmental input

question

5 key characteristics of imagery

answer

Cognitive specific Cognitive general Motivational specific Motivational general Motivational general mastery

question

Effective imagery keys

answer

PETTLEP- Physical, environmental, timing, task, learning, emotion and perspective.

question

Tips for effective imagery

answer

Practice in many settings Relaxed concentration Realistic expectation Vivid/controllable images Use video/audio

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