earth science regents castle learning – Flashcards
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what evidence supports the theory that the earth began with a massive explosion?
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cosmic background radiation in space
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rate of rotation
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360 degrees in 24 hrs 15 degrees/hour
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rate of revolution
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less than 1 degree per day (360 divided by 365)
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what caused water vapor carbon dioxide and nitrogen in earths early atmosphere
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outgassing from earths interior
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Bedrock
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The solid rock that is found beneath sediments or soil.
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Fossil
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Any remains, trace, imprints, or other evidence of pre-existing life that is preserved in the rock record.
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Impact of large asteroids on earth
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Global climate changes enough to be a major factor in the mass extinction of many life forms. The process is sometimes referred to as a "nuclear" winter.
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Which volcanic ash deposits are most useful to see age of rock layers
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large area during a short period of time
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Polaris
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North Star above the North Pole doesn't appear to rotate
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Observed altitude of Polaris=..................
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Observers latitude
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Altitude of Polaris=
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90 degrees
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Constellation
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A small group of stars that form a pattern. The celestial sphere is divided into 88 constellation regions
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Red shift
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A star in the universe that is moving away from earth.
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Coriolis effect
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Causes moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to Earth's hemisphere. it proves that earth rotates on its axis.
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inversely proportional
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As the value of one variable increases, the value of the other decreases and vice-versa (e.g., pressure and volume)
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relationship between gravity and distance
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further away the less gravity (in the summer the earth is further from the sun)
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elliptical orbit
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An oval shaped path, used to describe the shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun
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milky way
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A large spiral galaxy that is home to Earth and the rest of our solar system, and about a trillion stars.
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Foucault pendulum
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A mass suspended from a wire at a single point. When set in motion, its apparent change in position is the result of the rotation of the Earth.
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what is the best evidence that the earth rotates?
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movement of Foucault pendulum and Coriolis effect
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solar eclipse
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Occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow over part of Earth
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angle of insolation
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the angle at which the sun's rays strike earth.
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the greater the angle of insolation.......
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the greater the intensity of insolation
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tilt of earths axis
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Causes Seasons and change of earth's sunrise
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Heliocentric model
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Sun centered model
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Winter solstice
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December 21st sun appears south of east and south of west
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why do the sun, moon and planets all appear to move across the sky from east to west
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the earth rotates on its axis
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why do the stars appear to rise each night?
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earth completes a complete rotation in 24 hrs
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big bang theory
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A theory that says the universe began as a small point that expanded rapidly about 13.7 billion years ago
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shortest wavelength
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violet
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longest wavelength
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red
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tidal range
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The difference in levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide
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summer solstice
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june 21 Earth's position around June 21st, at which the northern hemisphere has its maximum daylight hours sun appears north of east and north of west
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Cosmic background radiation
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The electromagnetic radiation left over from the big bang.
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Sunrise
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The time of day when the Sun appears above an observer's eastern horizon. The time and position of sunrise vary with the seasons of the year.
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Sunset
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The time of day when the Sun moves below an observer's western horizon. The time and position of sunset vary with the seasons.
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Solar noon
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The time of day when the Sun reaches its maximum daily altitude, is due south, or is on an observer's meridian.
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jovian
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Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (and sometimes Pluto). These planets have relatively low densities and are huge gas giants
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how old is earth and solar system
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4.6 billion yrs old
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observers on earth are able to see different constellations at different times of the year bc
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earth revolves around the sun
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permeability
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Ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it big particles
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Cyclic change
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A pattern of change that repeats within regular intervals
