Domestic Violence Exam 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
(1871) Judicial elimination of the "husbandly protection" against prosecution for spousal abuse
answer
Fulgham v. State(AL)
question
by 1900, created legal protection to physical violence but why hard to enforce
answer
local police reluctance, shame in reporting, lack of resrouces
question
failure of the police to protect a women based on gender discrimination was a denial of equal protection under the laws
answer
Thurman V. City of Torrington
question
People choose to commit IPV because they decide it is the best way to get what they want and/or because the benefits outweigh the risks.
answer
Rational Choice Theory - micro
question
Punishment must be swift and certain in order to deter crime, expansion on rational choice
answer
Deterrence Theory- micro
question
violent or criminal behavior is somewhat beyond the control of the individual and caused by the person's biological or medical conditions.
answer
Biological theories - micro
question
IPV is learned, and perpetuated in communities/cultures.
answer
Culture of Violence Theory - macro level
question
IPV happens in communities that lack social support. Victims are especially vulnerable because resources are unlikely to exist.
answer
Social Disorganization Theory - macro
question
IPV offender choose violence because they cannot achieve what they would otherwise want to achieve, or cannot obtain what they want. Violence is a learned means to an end.
answer
Strain Theory - macro
question
According to the Social Learning Theory, people are not born with violent tendencies. The deviance is learned through the environment and life experiences.
answer
Social Learning Theories
question
Relationship that develops between the infant and his or her primary caregiver affects relationships later in life.
answer
Attachment Theory
question
types of IPV
answer
physical, emotional, mental, sexual, financial abuse, manipulation w/ regard to children/family
question
% victims women and how many in lifetime
answer
85% and 1 and 3
question
age range highest risk victimization
answer
20-24
question
how often are kids also abused as well
answer
30-60% of home
question
hospital visits annually due to IPV and cost
answer
2.2 million $4.1 billion in medical costs
question
lose of work due to IPV
answer
average 8 days a year
question
How long before successfully being able to leave
answer
6 - 8 tries
question
highest risk time for domestic homicide
answer
30 day period after trying to leave
question
murders per day due to IPV
answer
4
question
what is used in violence - circle
answer
coercion and threats, intimidation, emotional abuse, isolation, minimizing/denying/blaming, children, male privilege, economic abuse
question
How does IPV occur
answer
isolation, disbelief, intimidation, power and control
question
three stage cycle of violence
answer
1) Tension building 2) Violent incident 3) Honeymoon phase
question
All states laws against current spouses - where does it vary
answer
divorced/separated, reside together without marriage(gay as well), share child and pregnant, dating or engagement
question
annually how many abused by current or former partner
answer
1.3 million
question
how many women vs men victimized at some point in life
answer
1 in 3 women and 1 in 7 men
question
greatest risk IPV victims
answer
young women
question
race difference in IPV over lifetime - women
answer
4 in 10 African American, 1 in 2 Native american, 1 in 3 hispanic, 1 in 4 non-hispanic white, 1 in 2 multiracial
question
most common cause of prenatal death in expectant women
answer
homicide
question
when was consent no longer assumed making marital rape illegal
answer
1970s
question
why is marital rape difficult to prosecute
answer
previously consensual, no witnesses, limited evidence
question
will abused children become abusers themselves
answer
1 in 3, increased risk of delinquency, substance abuse, and poor school performance
question
What did the Minnneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment develop
answer
mandatory arrest, requires arrest while probable cause exists
question
when does dual arrest occur
answer
can't determine aggressor, both injured, mom didn't protect her kids
question
substance abuse prevalent in abuse?
answer
half of incidents, victim and or abuser
question
what becomes harder when substance or alcohol is involved
answer
arrest and prosecution
question
most common weapon in IPV
answer
firearm
question
Battered women syndrome - walker 1977
answer
women - retain belief he will change, become economically dependent, become socially isolated, lose self-confidence, lose hope for change, fear consequences of leaving, become emotionally unable to leave
question
Arguments against BWS
answer
they learn to survive - shows instinct, experts on their situation - making rational choices, something clicked and made them leave
question
globally rate of IPV
answer
more than 50% in Bangledesh, etheopia- up to 71%, peru and tanzania
question
what country fewer then 20% IPV
answer
Japan
question
what age range globally does IPV account for more death than most
answer
15-44
question
legilsltion inconsistent internationally?
answer
western nations provide legal protection but in at least 53 countries, marital rape is not an offense
question
laws only good when?
answer
officials willing to prosecute, women ability to seek enforcement
question
causes for violent against women worldwide
answer
political inequality, economic inequality, low education of women, high rates of drug and alcohol abuse, religious beliefs supporting violence against women, low states of women generally
question
Historically, was IPV defined as a problem
answer
not unless it represented significant threat or actual harm
question
judicial precedents
answer
rule of thumb, curtain rule
question
Womens movement
answer
women deserve equal protection from violence including domestic violence
question
where is most U.S. legal tradition form
answer
England
question
written laws, passed and signed by state governor
answer
statutory laws
question
adherence to previous rulings
answer
common law/ precedent
question
husbands were not charged or convicted until when
answer
late 19th century
question
research methods on IPV
answer
quantitative and qualitative
question
most consistent source of information for aggravated assault, the most sever form of IPV
answer
Uniform Crime Report
question
flaws to UCR
answer
lesser assualts not included, only reports on crimes reported to police, limited relationship information
question
NIBRS
answer
National Incident-based report system - more complete, counts all crimes, comrehensie but not every but is included.
question
first quality source of data on IPV
answer
National Crime VictimizationSurvey
question
issues faced in research
answer
definition, sample, and ethics
question
scale that lists multiple violent behaviors ranging from minor to severe and asks respondent what they have done
answer
conflict tactics Scale
question
two kinds of theories explaining IPV
answer
Macro - societal and micro - individual
question
The positive school
answer
biological theories, sociological theories, ad psychological theories
question
law is seen as which the ruling class maintains its control
answer
the conflict school
