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supply chain

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-a network of people, processes, resources, and technologies in an organization that work collectively to produce products and services for an end user, or customer -a network of individual functions within an organization that begins with the development of a strategic plan and ends with the delivery of a product or service

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integration

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communication, coordination and visibility within a company and with suppliers, customers and service providers

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Discuss the functions in a supply chain

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-demand planning -supply management and procurement -inventory management -warehousing operation -manufacturing and service operations -customer service operations

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Demand Planning

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the process of identifying, aggregating and prioritizing sources of demand for the integrated supply chain of a product or service at the appropriate level, horizon, and interval.

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Supply Management and Procurement

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Global sourcing by finding materials from around the world in a timely and cost-efficient manner

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Inventory Management

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process of ensuring the availability of products through inventory administration

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Warehouse Operations

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another function of logistics, warehousing controls the receiving and distributing of inventory

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Manufacturing and service operations

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controls the conversion of materials into products and services. In order to meet the needs of manufacturing as well as service delivery, there needs to be an accurate demand forecast.

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Transportation Operations

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Focus on the timely movement of materials and products within an organization and between organizations

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Customer Service Operations

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The delivery of satisfaction; it covers all aspects of the supply chain but is most often assigned to either logistics or sales.

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Define SCM

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a comprehensive approach to the management of the entire flow of data, information, materials, and services of the individual supply chain functions

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Explain how supply chains must be integral to an organization's strategic goals

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The ability to link the SC functions and integrate them with other elements in the business process is dictated by the overall management strategy. Therefore, the management of the supply chain cannot be viewed as an independent, standalone organization and must be arranged to work in concert with other business processes, functions, and departments.

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First Tier Supplier

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provides raw materials

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Second Tier Supplier

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provides goods to tier one suppliers

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First Tier Customer

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Distribution line

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End Customer

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the final customer that purchases a product or service. at any point in the supply chain, focus on the needs and wants of end customers must be maintained

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inventory

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components, raw materials, work in process, finished goods, and supplies required for the creation of goods and services. Inventory can also refer to the number of units or the value of a stock of goods held by a company.

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procurement

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the activities associated with acquiring products or services

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voice of customers

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at any point in the supply chain, focus on the needs and wants of end customers must be maintained. For that to occur, careful attention must be placed on the values and expectations of each element of the supply chain leading to end customers; this approach, which keeps the end customer in mind even several steps away from the point of sale, is referred to as the voice of customers

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reverse logistics

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a specialized segment of logistics focusing on the movement and management of products and resources after delivery to the customer, typically for repair, warranty, or re-use purposes

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RMA

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return material authorization

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Example: With the latest model of Apple's iPhone coming out later this year, Apple developed a plan, based on the debut of the previous model, predicting the number of cell phones that end users may purchase.

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Demand Planning

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Example: Apple planned for just the right amount of components and work in process for their warehouse in China. They are also planning to store finished products in their regional finished goods warehouses.

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Inventory Management

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Example: After negotiating with several suppliers, Apple sends purchase orders to all of component providers in the United States, China, Europe, and other Asian Countries

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Procurement

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Example: Apple uses a facility in China for raw materials and components that will be used to assemble the phone. Apple keeps finished products at their Elk Grove, CA facility as well as other regional locations for U. S. retailers

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Warehousing Operations

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Example: The iPhones are assembled at their facility in China

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Manufacturing Operations

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Example: UPS and FedEx uses ships, planes, and trucks to ship to their intended destinations.

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Transportation Operations

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End users purchase the new iPhones at retail locations and Apple on-line stores. The defective products are returned to Apple

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Customer Service Operations

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CSCMP

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Council of SCM Professionals; a professional organization that supports the professional development of its worldwide membership

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logistics

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process of planning, implementing, and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective transportation and storage of goods including services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.

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SCM Continuous process

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-Sourcing of raw material and parts -Manufacturing and assembling -Warehousing and controlling inventory -Entering and managing orders -Finishing, customizing, and packaging -Distributing across all channels -Delivering to final customers -Managing relationships with suppliers -Managing relationships with customers -Maintaining the information systems necessary to monitor the above activities

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The levels of suppliers within a supply chain are called

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tiers

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For companies to be competitive, suppliers should be considered:

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teammates

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A supply chain can best be described as:

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a network of many individual functions

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Supply Chain Management can be described as a(n):

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Comprehensive approach to the management of the entire flow of individual functions

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The process for customers to return defective products is called:

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reverse logistics

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Why are SC strategies important?

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the numerous organizations and activities in supply chains work together to contribute to the overall goals and objectives associated with corporate strategies & competitive goal.

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Modern SC strategies

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supplier development supplier design involvement using full-service suppliers evaluating total-value long-term supplier relationships strategic cost management

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supplier development

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any activity undertaken by buyers to improve supplier's performance or capabilities to meet the buyers' short and long term supply needs

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supplier design involvement

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process of involving the supplier in the product design process

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long term supplier relationships

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relations with suppliers that last for several years at a minimum

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strategic cost management

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managing costs from a strategic or long term rather than a tactical perspective

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Amount of SCM influence on the cost associated with the total costs of final product

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80% of the costs

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

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a system that integrates financial, planning and control systems into a single architecture that disseminates real time information throughout an organization, such as Secure Access and Oracle

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A consumer's desire and willingness to pay for a specific product or service is defined as:

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economic demand

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Demand is best divided into which two kinds?

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short term and long term

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Finished goods that will be sold are referred to as:

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?

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The best approach to achieve consensus for creating and finalizing the demand plan uses which approach?

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collaboration

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An estimate of future demand is defined as:

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Demand forecast

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Identify the system that integrates the individual demand forecasts and plans

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ERP

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Two of the key systems that receive inputs from the demand plan are:

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?

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Identify which planning duration that has the least uncertainty and lowest risk.

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?

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Identify the type of forecasting method that uses historical data for calculating future demand.

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?

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A collaborative process used to create an accurate demand plan enables a company to:

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achieve a competitive edge

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Which of the following flows through the SC? Materials Money Information All the above

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all the above

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Companies directly purchase supplies from ______________ Suppliers.

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First tier

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T/F Final customers who purchase the product are called the end customers.

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True

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If the wrong product is ordered and it is returned by traveling the opposite direction of the normal supply chain, this is called _____ logistics.

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reverse

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T/F All industries have approx. the same supply chain costs as a percentage of profit-about 25%.

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False it is 80%

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Today, there is the need to have strong ____ with suppliers

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relationship

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T/F The profit leverage effect takes place when a supplier passes increased expenses through the SC to the buyer.

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False

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T/F Collaboration replaces adversarial relationships if both organizations are to stay in business

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True

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T/F Stretegic profit model indicates the relationship between the income and the balance sheet and how the supply chain changes the impact of the overall performance of a business.

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True

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