Cognitive processes – Exam 2 – Flashcards

Which of the following observations is MOST likely an illustration of state-dependent learning?

"Context reinstatement" refers to:

Two groups of participants were asked to learn a series of word pairs and were then given a memory test. Both groups were told to remember the second word in each pair and use the first word as an aid to remember the targets. For Group A the first word was semantically associated with the target word (e.g., dark-light). For Group B the first word rhymed with the target word (e.g., sight-light). Each group was given hints during their memory test. These hints could be related to meaning (e.g., Was there a word associated with "dark"?) or sound (e.g., Was there a word associated with "sight"?). Which of the following statements is NOT true? a.Overall, participants in Group A recalled more words than those in Group B. b.Participants in Group A performed better when given a meaning hint than when given a sound hint. c.Participants in Group B performed better when given a sound hint than when given a meaning hint. d.Participants in Group B performed better when given a meaning hint than when given a sound hint.

Participants are asked to memorize a list of words. In addition to the words themselves, participants will remember some aspects of the context in which the words appeared. This tendency to remember a stimulus within its context is referred to as:

A participant is asked to memorize a series of word pairs, including the pair "heavy-light." The participant is asked later if any of the following words had been included in the list memorized earlier: "lamp," "candle," "spark," and "light." The participant denies having seen any of these words recently. This is probably because:

Group 1 is shown a series of words ("down," "right," and "sad") and is then asked to read the words aloud. Group 2 is shown a series of words ("up," "left," and "happy") and is then asked to say aloud their antonyms (opposites). If we later test participants' memories for the words, we expect better performance for Group 1 if the test involves:

Which of the following statements is NOT true for explicit memory? a.Explicit memory is typically revealed as a priming effect. b.Explicit memory is usually assessed by direct, rather than indirect, testing. c.Explicit memory is usually revealed by specifically urging someone to remember the past. d.Explicit memory is often tested by recall testing or by a standard recognition test.

Which of the following statements is NOT likely to be an influence of implicit memory? a.Participants know they have encountered the stimulus recently but can't recall the details of the encounter. b.Participants have a preference for a familiar stimulus in comparison to other, new stimuli. c.Participants believe a false, made-up phrase, that they have heard recently, to be true. d.Participants remember the circumstances in which they first met a stimulus.

Participants are asked to read a series of unrelated words out loud. According to the hypothesis described in the text, this experience will help the participants:

In a lexical decision task, a researcher finds no effect of priming. Which of the following statements is a plausible explanation for this?

A friend of yours has recently grown a beard. When you encounter him, you realize at once that something about his face has changed, but you are not certain what has changed. We can conclude from this that:

In a classic demonstration, Claparède showed that:

Evidence for state-dependent learning has been found in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

Amnesia can provide insight into the role of memory in our everyday life. For example, if H.M. was having a conversation with a friend and noticed the friend smiling, H.M. is MOST likely to:

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the role the hippocampus plays in memory?

Double-dissociations in memory are important because they:

With respect to memory strategies, evidence suggests that _____ is superior to _____

If a memory is like a city you want to travel to, and the retrieval paths you use to find the memory are like highways that lead to that city, which is the BEST strategy for memorizing?

fMRI results using a "Remember/Know" testing procedure suggest that:

In the "Remember/Know" paradigm, "Know" responses are NOT: