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According to a study (Espenshade & Chung, 2010; Jaschik, 2006), growing numbers of four-year colleges are not relying on the SAT test partly because of

answer

diversity concerns.

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Psychological tests

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measure characteristics of human behavior.

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The specific stimulus on a test to which a person responds overtly is called a(n)

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item.

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An individual test

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can only be given to one person at a time.

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A group test

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can be given to multiple people by one examiner.

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Previous learning can best be described as

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achievement.

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The potential for learning a specific skill can best be described as

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aptitude.

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One's general potential, independent of prior learning, can best be described as

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intelligence.

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Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence can be encompassed by the term

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human ability.

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Structured personality tests

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require you to choose between two or more alternative responses.

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The main purpose of psychological testing is to evaluate

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individual differences.

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Projective personality tests

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are unstructured.

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Tests that measure an individual's typical behavior are called

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personality tests.

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A test that is accurate, dependable, and consistent is ________.

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reliable.

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The validity of a psychological test refers to its:

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meaning.

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Which of the following scientists is credited with founding the science of psychology?

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Wundt.

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In order to establish norms, a large group of people is being given a test under the same conditions in which the test will actually be used. This group is called a (an) ________ group.

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standardization.

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The first intelligence tests were developed for the purpose of

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identifying intellectually subnormal individuals.

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Tests that provide a statement and require the subject to choose between two or more alternative responses, are called

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structured personality tests.

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Personality tests in which the test stimulus and/or required response are ambiguous are called

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projective personality tests.

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Which of the following is true of tests?

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Very few tests can actually predict behavior.

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Which of the following relates raw test scores to theoretical or empirical distributions?

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scales

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The general potential to solve problems, adapt, and profit from experience is called

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intelligence

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Which of the following is the most important function of testing?

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To differentiate among individuals taking the test

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When you gather information through verbal interaction, you are using a(n)

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interview.

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If one can depend upon the results of a particular test to be consistently accurate, the test can be said to be

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reliable.

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A test that yields dependable and consistent results is ____.

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reliable

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The validity of a psychological test refers to its

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meaning.

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If a particular test "X" has been shown to accurately predict success in a particular job, then the test is said to be

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valid.

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Test administration refers to the

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act of giving a test

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What evolutionary constructs did Galton apply in his book Hereditary Genius?

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Survival of the fittest and individual differences

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The origins of testing can be traced to

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China.

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Two or more tests that are given together and relate seemingly diverse topics are called

answer

batteries.

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. Sir Francis Galton set out to show

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that some humans possessed characteristics that made them more fit than other humans

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The term "mental test" was coined by

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James M. Cattell.

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The work of Weber and Fechner represent which foundation of psychological testing?

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Psychophysical measurement

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. Which of the following scientists is credited with founding the science of psychology?

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Wundt

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The first version of the Binet-Simon scale was published in

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1905.

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Which test represented a major breakthrough in the measurement of cognitive ability?

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Binet-Simon Scale

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It is important to obtain a standardization sample

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to provide a reference sample to which the results of a new subject can be compared.

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The first intelligence tests were developed for the purpose of

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identifying intellectually subnormal individuals.

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In order to establish norms, a large group of people is being given a test under the same conditions in which the test will actually be used. This group is called a(n) ____ group.

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standardization

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A standardization sample is representative if the sample

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consists of individuals who are similar to the group to be tested.

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When a test is administered to the general population, norms should be established using a representative sample that

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represents all segments of the population in proportion to their numbers.

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Administering a test with precisely the same instructions and format is giving it under

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standard conditions

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Dr. Johnson is trying to establish norms for his new test. He determined that 50% of the people in the standardization sample should be Hispanic, 20% Caucasian, 15% Asian, and 15% African American. He is creating (a)

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representative sample.

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The Stanford-Binet intelligence scale was developed by

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L.M. Terman.

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The concept of mental age was introduced in

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1908.

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Eight-year-old Daniel was administered the Binet-Simon Scale that suggested he was functioning at the same level as a senior in high school. This is an example of a(n)

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mental age scale.

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A child's mental age

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provides a measurement of a child's performance relative to other children of a particular age group

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The use of standardized tests after WWI culminated with the publication of the

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Stanford Achievement Test.

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The first group tests of human abilities were developed for

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selecting soldiers to fight for the U.S. in World War I.

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Which of the following is a group test of human ability for an adult that does NOT require the subject to be literate?

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Army Beta

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. Robert Yerkes led the team of psychologists that developed the

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Army Alpha and Army Beta.

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Which of the following tests produced both a verbal and a performance IQ?

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The Wechsler-Bellevue scale

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A trait is ____.

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an enduring disposition that distinguishes one individual from another

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. The first structured personality test was the

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Woodworth Personal Data Sheet

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A major problem with the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet was that

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it assumed the answers were acceptable at face value.

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Structured personality tests became unpopular in the 1930s and 1940s because they

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relied on the face value of responses.

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Which of the following is an example of a trait?

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Pessimism

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The Rorschach was introduced into the United States by

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David Levy.

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The Rorschach presents ambiguous stimuli to an individual who then provides his or her own personal interpretation. This is an example of what kind of test?

answer

Projective

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Who is associated with the development of the TAT?

answer

Murray & Morgan

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Which of the following are both projective tests?

answer

The Rorschach and the TAT

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Which of the following tests is purported to measure human needs?

answer

TAT

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Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire?

answer

R.B. Cattell

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The first attempt to apply factor analytic techniques to test construction were made by

answer

J.R. Guilford.

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A method for finding the minimum number of dimensions to account for a large number of variables is called

answer

factor analysis.

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Factor analytic techniques were employed in the development of the

answer

16PF.

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The Shakow report emphasized that

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testing is a unique function of doctoral-level clinical psychologists.

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Jeremy lost his job very unexpectedly last year, and for a short while he was not as confident as usual. This change in his level of confidence was representative of a(n)

answer

state.

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Jeremy lost his job very unexpectedly last year, but he was as confident as usual. This lack of change in his level of confidence was representative of a(n)

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trait.

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Today, psychological testing

answer

remains one of the most important yet controversial issues.

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Which individual developed tests to evaluate persons with emotional impairments?

answer

Kraepelin

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. Which of the following contributed to the popularity of standardized achievement tests?

answer

Their objectivity and ease of administration and scoring

question

Which of the following is one criticism of early personality tests?

answer

The responses may not be interpreted in the same way by the test administrator

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Which of the following tests makes no assumption about the meaning of test responses, but instead, relies on empirical research?

answer

MMPI

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Which of the following is NOT a group that standardized tests tend to disadvantage?

answer

Younger students

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Understanding concepts such as reliability, validity, item analysis, and test construction requires careful study and basic knowledge of

answer

statistics

question

Understanding concepts such as reliability, validity, item analysis, and test construction requires careful study and basic knowledge of

answer

statistics

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. _______ is always associated with a sampling process.

answer

Error

question

These types of tests contain items that can be scored in terms of speed, accuracy, or both.

answer

Ability tests

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All of the following are types of ability tests EXCEPT for

answer

personality tests.

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Which of the following has served as a major technique of gathering psychological information and provide(s) data that complements test results?

answer

The interview

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In 1883, the U.S. government established this commission to develop and administer competitive examinations for certain government jobs.

answer

American Civil Service Commission

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. Whose mathematical models of the mind strongly influenced 19th century educational practices?

answer

J.E. Herbart

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