AP World Ch.4 Learning Curve – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What second-wave philosophy was based on the belief that human society needs clear, strict enforced rules, since most people are stupid and short-sighted?
answer
Legalism
question
Which cultural tradition that emerged in the second-wave period emphasized education as the key to moral improvement?
answer
confucianism
question
Which social group did legalists identify as performing essential functions for society?
answer
soldiers
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the han dynastys attitude toward legalism?
answer
the han some of its techniques and practices to rule, but did not openly advocate its ideas as the sole guide for chinese political life.
question
Which ideology became so dominant in China that it was almost synonymous with chinese culture?
answer
confucianism
question
Which social group did legalists identify as performing essential functions for society?
answer
farmers
question
Which term refers to the way nature, the underlying and unchanging principle that governs all natural phenomena?
answer
Dao
question
What is ren in Confucian thought?
answer
Benevolence, goodness, and nobility of heart
question
Who was the Chinese historical figure known as Confucius who lived between 551 and 479 B.C.E?
answer
Thinker and Teacher
question
Why did Ban Zhao call for girls to be educated in her work Lessons for women?
answer
Because women would be better prepared to server their husbands
question
How did Confucius propose to end the period of disorder in China and replace it with an orderly society?
answer
Through the moral example of superiors
question
Which of the following inspired the Yellow Turban Rebellion of 184-204 C.E.?
answer
Daoism
question
Which statement best describes the confucian attitude toward the past?
answer
The past was a golden age that modern people should strive to restore.
question
Who is traditionally credited with writing the short poetic volume known as the Daodejing in the sixth century B.C.E.?
answer
Laozi
question
Which cultural tradition, born in second-wave era China, urged withdrawal into the world of nature as the best response to disorder in society?
answer
Daosim
question
Which statement best describes the relationship between Confucian philosophy and the traditional practice of ancestor veneration in China?
answer
Confucians supported ancestor veneration because it nurtured filial piety and provided a training ground for the reverence of the emperor.
question
Which of the following Chinese philosophical systems held a rather pessimistic view of human nature?
answer
Legalism
question
Which second-wave philosophy stressed complementarity and balance between the sexes?
answer
Daoism
question
How might a Daoist thinker criticize a follower of Confucius?
answer
Confucians were too concerned with education and the earnest striving for moral improvement
question
Which of the following statements best describes how Daoist thinking and Confucian philosophy were regarded among scholar-officials in China?
answer
Daoist thought complimented Confucian thinking, and Confucian thinking complimented Daoist thought
question
Which of the following best describes the evolution of the South Asian religious tradition through time?
answer
Its early emphasis on ritual sacrifice gave way to that of philosophical speculation, devotional worship, and detached action in the world
question
Which of the following is the central teaching of Buddhism?
answer
The cause of human suffering is desire for individual fulfillment, which should be purged to achieve serenity
question
Which Indian religious idea is similar in some ways to the Chines notion of the dao?
answer
Brahman
question
Which of the following is true of women in India during the second-wave era?
answer
The declining status of women was reflected in the idea that all embryos were basically male and that only weak semen generated female babies.
question
Which of the following is true of Hinduism?
answer
It grew up over many centuries and had no historical founder
question
Which of the following is a reason why buddhism died out in india?
answer
A new kind of popular Hinduism developed that appealed to the masses
question
In which Hindu text is the troubled warrior-hero Arjuna reassured by his charioteer lord kirshna, an incarnation of the god vishnu, that performing his duty as a warrior even if it meant killing his kinsmen was an act of devotion that would lead to ¨release from the shackles of repeated birth¨?
answer
Bhagavad Gita
question
Why is Siddhartha Gautama important to world history?
answer
He was the founder of Buddhism
question
What is the name of India's earliest sacred texts?
answer
Vedas
question
In what way did the Buddha's teachings challenge prevailing Hindu thinking?
answer
The Buddha rejected Hindu ideas that supernatural beings could help individuals develop spiritually
question
What is a Brahmin?
answer
Member of India's priestly castle
question
Which of the following statements is true of women in early Buddhism?
answer
They were not treated as equals, but still found more freedom and independence than was available elsewhere in Indian society
question
Reincarnation is a central feature in which system thought and belief?
answer
Hinduism
question
What were the Upanishads that were composed by largely anonymous figures in India between 800 and 400 B.C.E?
answer
Collection of mystical, highly philosophical works that promoted introspective thinking over external ritual.
question
Which of the following terms is an Indian religious term that refers to rebirth or reincarnation?
answer
Samsara
question
In which state is a Buddhists identity extinguished and a sense of overwhelming serenity accompanied by a feeling of loving-kindness for all beings overcomes the individual?
answer
Nirvana
question
A spiritually developed person who postpones entry into nirvana in order to help others is known as a.....
answer
bodhisattva
question
Which of the following statements best describes the teaching of the Theravada version of Buddhism?
answer
It taught that the Buddha was an immensely wise teacher, but certainly not divine
question
Which of the following statements best describes Indias bhakti religious movement?
answer
It was the adoration of and identification with a particular god or goddess.
question
Zoroastrianism won state support in which kingdom during the second-wave period?
answer
Persia
question
According to their traditions, where did the Hebrew people originate?
answer
Mesopotamia
question
Which Persian prophet founded the Zoroastrian faith and is by tradition believed to have lived in the sixth or seventh century B.C.E?
answer
Zarathustra
question
What happened to the Hebrews living in the kingdom of Judea following their conquest by the Babylonians in 586 B.C.E.?
answer
The Hebrew elite were enslaved and exiled, but a small group was able to retain their cultural identity and later return to their homeland
question
Which of the following statements best reflects what will happen to humankind on the day of judgement in the Zoroastrian faith?
answer
Those who had sided with Ahura Mazda will be granted new resurrected bodies and rewarded with external life in paradise.
question
What is the covenant in the Hebrew tradition?
answer
Contract in which Yahweh promised to protect the Jews in exchange for devotion and obedience
question
In the Zoroastrian faith who is the single unique god who ruled the world and was the source of all truth, light, and goodness?
answer
Ahura Mazda
question
What happened to the hebrews living in the state of Israel following their conquest by Assyria in 722 B.C.E.?
answer
They were deported from their homeland to distant parts of the Assyrian Empire where they were assimilated in the local culture.
question
What caused Zarathustra to recast the traditional Persian polytheism into a vision of a single unique god?
answer
Zarathustra was appalled by endemic violence within Persian society
question
Which of the following statements best describes the political history of the Hebrews after they established an independent state around 1000 B.C.E.?
answer
The state quickly split into two stated, one of which was conquered by the Assyrians, the other by the babylonians.
question
The cosmic struggle at the heart of Zoroastrianism required what of individual humans?
answer
To freely choose good over evil
question
Which of the following best describes the embrace of Yahweh and monotheism by the Hebrew people?
answer
There were many factors that made polytheism attractive to Hebrews, but the monotheistic conception of the Divine ultimately prevailed.
question
What caused the final decline of Zoroastrianism in persia?
answer
The conquest of the region by the Arabs
question
How were the political setbacks that the Hebrews experienced explained in religious terms?
answer
Yahweh was punishing is chosen people for their failure to keep their covenant with him.
question
What distinguished Zoroastrianism from Buddhism?
answer
Buddhism spread from its original homeland to become a world religion
question
What impact did Alexander the Great's conquest of persia have on Zoroastrianism?
answer
It was disastrous for Zoroastrianism, although it would revive once again following the collapse of the Greek Seleucid dynasty and its replacement by the Parthians
question
Which classical religion was the source of many Jewish ideas including the belief in a conflict between God and Satan, a last Judgement, ans the eventual arrival of a savior?
answer
Zoroastrianism
question
What was distinctive about the conception of god that evolved in judaism compared to earlier mesopotamian gods?
answer
It believed that god was lofty and transcendent, existing far above the world of nature.
question
What was distinctive about the conception of god that evolved in judaism compared to earlier mesopotamian gods?
answer
It was monotheistic
question
What distinguishes Yahweh from dao in the Chinese tradition or Brahman in the Indian tradition?
answer
Yahweh acted within the historical process, consciously shaping the outcome of human events
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of legalism on Chinese society?
answer
The Qin emperor Shihuangdi used legalist methods to reunify China.
