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learning is best defined as

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a relatively permanent change in the behavior (c)

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the type of learning associated with skinner is

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operant conditioning (b)

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in pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the meat served as a

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US (c)

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to obtain a reward, a monkey learns to press a lever when a 1000 HZ tone is on. what kind of training is this

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discrimination (d)

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which of the following statements concerning reinforcement is correct

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learning is most rapid with continuous reinforcement, but intermittent reinforcement produces the greatest resistance to extinction (b)

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martin has found that humans and animals who are exposed to aversive events they cannot escape may develop

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learned helplessness (c)

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in pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the tone was initially a _____________- stimulus; after it was paired with meat, it became a ___________stimulus

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neutral; conditioned (b)

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the highest and most consistent rate of response is produced by a _________ schedule

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variable-ration (b)

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a response that leads to the removal of an unpleasent stimulus is one being

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negatively reinforced (b)

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When a conditioned stimulus is presented witout an accompanying unconditioned stimulus, ________ will soon take place

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extinction (c)

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one difference between classical and operant conditioning is that

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in classical conditioning, the responses are automatically triggered by stimuli (c)

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in Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion learning, rats learned to associate

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taste with sickness (c)

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in pavlov's original experiemtn with dogs, salivation to meat was the

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UR (d)

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learning by imitating other's behaviors is called ___________ learing. the researcher best known for studying this type of learning is___________-

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observational, bandura (B)

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punishment is controversial way of controlling behavior becasue

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punishing stimuli often create fear (b)

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classical conditioning experiments by robert rescorla and Allen wagner demonstrate that an important factor in conditioning is

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the predictability of an association (c)

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which of the following is an example of reinforcement

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all of the above (d)

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when a sea slug is .... blah blah blah

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habituation (c)

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for the most rapid conditioning, a CS should be presented

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about one-half second before the US (b)

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mirror neurons are found in the brain's ________. and are believed to be the neural basis for ____________

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frontal lobe; observational learning (a)

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during extinction the ____________ is ommitted as a result, the ___________ seems to disappear

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US; CR (c)

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in the experiment by John Watson and Rosalie Rayner, the loud noise was the _____________-- and the white rate was the ___________-

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US; CS (b)

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in which of the following may classical conditioning play a role

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all of the above (d)

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shaping is an _____________- technique for _______________ a behavior

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operant; establishing (a)

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in pavlov's studies of CC of a dog's salivary responses, spontaneous recovery occured

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when the CS was reintroduced following extinction of the CR and a rest period (c)

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for operant condtionig to be most effectived, wehn should the reinforcers be presented in a relation to the desired response

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immediately after (b)

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in distinguishing between negative reinforcers and punishement we note that

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in contrast to punishment, negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a response by the termination of an aversive stimulus (d)

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the piecework, or commission method of payment is an example of which reinforcement schedule

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fixed ratio (c)

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putting on your coad when it is cold outside is a behavior that is maintained by

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negative reinforcement (c)

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on an intermittent reinforcement schedule, reinforcement is given

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only some of the time (d)

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you teach your dog to fetch the paper........ this is an example of what

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operant conditioning (a)

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in promoting observationnal learning, the most effective models are those that we perceive as

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similar to ourselves (a)

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a cognitive map is a

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mental representation of one's enviornment (a)

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after exploring a complicated maze for several days, a tat subsequently ran the maze with very few erros when food was placed in the goal box for the first time this illustrates

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latent learning (d)

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leons test every third week study schedual stuff

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fixed-interval (c)

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opernant condition is to ____________as classical conditioning is to _______________-

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BF Skinner. Ivan Pavlov

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online testing systems and interactive software are applications of the operant conditioning principles of

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shaping and immediate reinforcement (a)

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which of the following is the best example of a conditioned response

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receiving an approving nod form the boss for a job well done (d)

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experiments on taste-aversion learning demonstrate that

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for the conditioning of certain stimuli, the US need not immediately follow the CS (a)

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regaurding the impact of watching television violence on children most researchers believe taht

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watching violence on television leads to aggresive behavior (c)

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nancy decided to ttake introductory psychology because she has always been interested in human behavior. jack enrolled in the same course because he thought it would be easy. nancys behavior was motivated by ____________- and jacks by _________

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intristive motivation; extrinsic motivation (b)

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lars, a shoe salesman, is paid every two weeks, wheras tom receives a commission for each pair of shoes he sells. Evidently, lars is paid on a ___________ schedule reinforcement and tom on a ____________schedule blah blah

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fixed- interval; fixed ratio

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you always rattel the box of dog biscuts before givin your dog a treat. the box is a _____________; your dogs salivation is a ___________

answer

CS;CR (a)

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