Question 1

Which one of the following best illustrates social-emotional development as a developmental domain?

Accepted Answer

Carlos is learning how to play cooperatively with his preschool classmates.

Question 2

Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the theoretical perspectives of development described in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

Each one provides a somewhat different angle from which to look at children\'s development.

Question 3

There is a large drop-out rate among seniors in a district\'s high school. To encourage retention and graduation rates to increase, which of the following strategies would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Initiate a career path program in partnership with a local university.

Question 4

Which one of the following strategies is the most appropriate way to advance children\'s thinking in the classroom?

Accepted Answer

Set specific goals and provide a moderate amount of support.

Question 5

A teacher says to you, \"I never believe my students have learned something new until I see their behavior change.\" Without knowing anything else about this teacher, which perspective of development does the teacher\'s statement most clearly reflect?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorist

Question 6

The adults in your community want to know how to promote their children\'s emotional well-being. Which of the following would be the best advice to help them accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

Listen and respond to each child\'s needs.

Question 7

One characteristic common to all behaviorist theories of development is an emphasis on:

Accepted Answer

The effect of the environment on development

Question 8

Dr. Fitz wants to know which of three health programs is most effective in promoting children\'s physical well-being. With the consent of both the children and their parents, children who regularly attend a community center are randomly assigned to one of three 8-week programs. After the programs have ended, Dr. Fitz assesses the children\'s general physical wellbeing. Dr. Fitz\'s study can best be classified as which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

Experimental

Question 9

You read a research article about abstract thinking and academic achievement in a professional journal. The researchers report a correlation of +.65 between the amount of abstract thought students demonstrate and the grade-point-averages they earn. You should conclude that:

Accepted Answer

Students who think more abstractly are likely to have higher grade-point-averages than their classmates

Question 10

Three of the following are important ethical guidelines that teachers and other practitioners should keep in mind when conducting research with children or adolescents. Which one is not recommended?

Accepted Answer

Practitioners should be ready and willing to draw firm conclusions from the data.

Question 11

A primary difference between action research and other types of research is that action research:

Accepted Answer

Involves identification and implementation of some new strategy

Question 12

A researcher wants to know if young infants notice any differences between classical music and jazz music. Which data collection technique would be most useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

The habituation procedure

Question 13

Which one of the following is the best example of action research?

Accepted Answer

A teacher gives her students a questionnaire that asks them to describe how often they study and what kinds of strategies they use when they study. She will use the results to develop several lessons on effective study skills.

Question 14

Three of the following strategies should help promote a sense of community in the classroom. Which strategy is least likely to promote a sense of community?

Accepted Answer

Publicly praise individual students who show high academic achievement.

Question 15

When considering children\'s and adolescents\' cultural and ethnic backgrounds, it is important to keep in mind that:

Accepted Answer

Some youngsters may simultaneously be active participants in two or more cultural groups

Question 16

Ella\'s mother makes sure that Ella gets three good meals a day, but she constantly ridicules Ella for being too slow or too clumsy during typical day-to-day activities. You worry that Ella\'s mom is subjecting Ella to:

Accepted Answer

Emotional abuse

Question 17

Sixteen-year-old Jane describes a typical week for her: \"Weekdays I get up early to take the bus to school. After school I usually go to drama club or else tutor kids at the after-school program in my old elementary school. On weekends I like to go to plays and musicals if I can afford it. Otherwise I just hang out with my friends. We stay indoors, because it\'s not safe to hang out on the street.\" What type of community does Jane most likely live in?

Accepted Answer

Urban

Question 18

During a parent meeting, Deborah is surprised when the parents of a child become defensive. The child, Devon, is a high achiever but disruptive during class, and Deborah felt that she was careful to stress the positive as well as the negative about Devon\'s behavior. What advice would be best to give Deborah regarding her next meeting with the parents?

Accepted Answer

Be careful not to place blame. The parents may see Devon\'s disruptive behavior as normal, or they may see it as suggestive that they are not good parents.

Question 19

Which one of the following best describes the nature of a Braxton Hicks contraction?

Accepted Answer

The mother\'s uterine muscles are not yet causing any cervical dilation.

Question 20

Sam has always been athletic. He was on the soccer team in his middle school. As he entered high school, he decided to form a soccer team for young children in his neighborhood. He is showing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Niche construction

Question 21

During which stage of labor might the mother feel a slight decrease in blood pressure and feel chilled?

Accepted Answer

Fourth stage of labor

Question 22

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes the effects of a particular gene on a child\'s development and functioning?

Accepted Answer

A gene\'s effects depend partly on the child\'s health and activity levels and on environmental conditions in which the child lives.

Question 23

A tiny cluster of cells has just traveled down one of its mother\'s fallopian tubes and implanted itself in the mother\'s uterus. What word is typically used for a baby-to-be at this stage of development?

Accepted Answer

Zygote

Question 24

Michael is a premature newborn. His parents have recently brought him home from the hospital He cries frequently and is not easily consolable. What is most likely to be something that may benefit Michael\'s parents as they continue to care for their premature infant?

Accepted Answer

Counseling

Question 25

Reproductive cells (sperm in men and ova in women) are different from other human cells in that they:

Accepted Answer

Have only half as many chromosomes

Question 26

In the days leading up to labor, which of the following is least likely to be experienced by the mother?

Accepted Answer

Increased time spent sleeping

Question 27

Marcia returned home Wednesday with her new infant daughter. On the phone with her best friend Anna, she expressed some concern: \"I am so tired, and I feel like I just don\'t know what to do!\" Anna has had three children already. The best advice Anna can give to Marcia at this time is:

Accepted Answer

\"There\'s a lot to learn, but first get some sleep. I\'m here to help you.\"

Question 28

Imagine that you are a beginning teacher and learn that your new class of students will include a pair of monozygotic twins. You should expect that:

Accepted Answer

You may initially have trouble telling them apart

Question 29

Children typically have some characteristics not seen in either of their biological parents. Which one of the following is the most common source of these unique characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Some segments of genetic material at the equivalent locations in paired chromosomes cross over, essentially swapping places.

Question 30

When 2-month-old Ranan is fussy, his caregivers can often soothe him by playing music. He seems especially partial to Barry White songs, which his mother often played in the last few weeks of her pregnancy. Which one of the following is the most likely explanation of Ranan\'s partiality to Barry White music?

Accepted Answer

Ranan was able to hear and remember Barry White songs even before he was born.

Question 31

In the human brain, a great deal of synaptic pruning occurs in the first few years of development. This pruning appears to be: Correct!

Accepted Answer

An adaptive process that allows children to deal more efficiently with their environment

Question 32

Only one of the following statements about sleep is true. Which one?

Accepted Answer

Lack of sleep can lead to difficulty controlling aggressive impulses.

Question 33

Imagine that you are the parent of a newborn baby boy. A pediatrician tells you, \"About half of the neurons that your son produced in the early weeks after conception have died off.\" You can conclude that your son:

Accepted Answer

Is normal

Question 34

Christine is an obese 12-year-old. What is one prediction about her health as an adult that cannot be made?

Accepted Answer

There are no possible serious health risks that she will face in adulthood.

Question 35

At age 3, Michelle could scribble, her crayon tightly grasped in her fist. By age 4 she could color neatly in the lines of her coloring book. By age 5 she could better control a pencil and write her name legibly. This progression most clearly illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Differentiation

Question 36

Which one of the following best describes how neurons transmit messages to one another?

Accepted Answer

By sending chemical substances to one another

Question 37

Other things being equal, which one of the following adolescents is most likely to experience adjustment problems?

Accepted Answer

Wilma, who had her first menstrual period at age 8

Question 38

Which one of the following conclusions is most warranted from research on brain development?

Accepted Answer

Educational experiences can affect students\' cognitive development throughout the elementary and secondary school years.

Question 39

Three of the following are recommended for working with children who have chronic medical conditions. Which one may violate recommended practice?

Accepted Answer

When other children ask about a child\'s illness, answer their questions as completely and honestly as you can.

Question 40

Six-year-olds Jason and Curtis are rolling around in the dirt in what appears to be a fight, yet they both get up smiling. Curtis then sticks out his tongue at Jason and runs off, and Jason follows him in hot pursuit. Which one of the following alternatives best describes their interaction?

Accepted Answer

Rough-and-tumble play

Question 41

Which one of the following teachers is using reciprocal teaching?

Accepted Answer

Working with a small group, Mr. Bromley gives each student a chance to ask questions of his or her classmates regarding a section of text they are all reading.

Question 42

Which one of the following teachers is definitely keeping in mind Piaget\'s idea that assimilation and accommodation are both necessary for cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Chang shows students how a new topic is similar to the things they already know but also different in certain ways.

Question 43

Imagine that you are a third-grade teacher. If you were to make predictions based on Piaget\'s stages of cognitive development, you would expect most or all of your students to exhibit thinking characteristic of which stage?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operations

Question 44

Ms. Killian and her fourth graders have been growing sunflowers under various conditions - they have grown sunflowers in different kinds of soil, with different amounts of water, and in varying degrees of sunlight. Below are four statements that Ms. Killian makes related to the sunflowers. Which one is most consistent with the idea of a cognitive apprenticeship?

Accepted Answer

\"This sunflower is taller than that sunflower over there. Let\'s consider what the growing conditions for the two flowers have been and try to figure out what might have led to the difference we see.\"

Question 45

Central to Vygotsky\'s theory of cognitive development is the idea that children make sense of their world:

Accepted Answer

By interacting with more experienced people who mediate their understandings

Question 46

Mary Adams takes care of several toddlers and preschoolers while their parents work during the day. One warm spring day, she has the children in a fenced-in area behind her home. A large dog comes running up to the fence. As the dog approaches, 2-year-old Todd looks at Mary. When he sees that she appears frightened, he immediately starts to cry. What phenomenon is Todd displaying in this situation?

Accepted Answer

Social referencing

Question 47

Which one of the following examples best illustrates involvement of a central executive in information processing?

Accepted Answer

Brigette thinks about how she can best prepare for a history test.

Question 48

Alicia, Amy, and Ann are in the same tenth-grade history class; the girls are from different ethnic backgrounds. They are studying together for a test on World War II. The girls share the opinion that racism was a widespread problem during the war, but they disagree about which actions were most racist in nature. Which one of the following explanations of their differences is most consistent with contemporary theories of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Their differing heritages lead them to bring different knowledge bases to their interpretations of history.

Question 49

Wendy sees a picture of a beach and then later tries to draw the picture from memory. She draws shells on the beach even though the beach in the picture had no shells. Using the concept of schema, how could we explain Wendy\'s error?

Accepted Answer

Wendy\'s schema of how a typical beach looks includes shells.

Question 50

Each of the teachers below has students with misconceptions about the material they are studying. Three of the teachers are using strategies that should help their students correct these misconceptions. Which teacher is not using a recommended strategy for changing misconceptions?

Accepted Answer

Ms. Darren reminds her students that she will be testing them on the material they are studying.

Question 51

To prepare for his test on Tuesday morning, Harry studied on Monday night. He remembered the information long enough to do well on the test on Tuesday but could not remember it for a surprise quiz a week later. Based on this information, how far in Harry\'s information processing system did the information get?

Accepted Answer

It reached long-term memory.

Question 52

When 5-year-old Clinton looks at the road map his parents are using to plan a trip, he laughs and exclaims, \"That\'s silly. Our car can\'t fit on roads that small!\" Which one of the following best explains Clinton\'s statement?

Accepted Answer

Clinton doesn\'t yet fully appreciate the symbolic nature of maps.

Question 53

When 3-year-old Julia comes home from her first day at preschool, her father asks her, \"What\'s your teacher\'s name?\" Julia answers by saying, \"I forget.\" Yet when Dad drops Julia off at preschool the following morning, the teacher apologizes to both of them: \"How silly of me! Yesterday when you came to school, Julia, I didn\'t tell you my name. It\'s Miss Martin.\" Obviously, of course, Julia couldn\'t \"forget\" something she never knew. How can we best explain her response to her father\'s question?

Accepted Answer

Young children have little awareness of the nature of their own thinking.

Question 54

Maria is trying to remember all of the objects in her locker at school. \"Let me think . . . pens, pencils, markers . . . um, math book, science book, notebooks . . . my coat, hat, and gloves . . . I can\'t remember any more.\" What learning strategy does Maria\'s response illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Organization

Question 55

Children\'s misconceptions about the world may come from a variety of sources. Which one of the following is not a likely source that theorists have identified?

Accepted Answer

Children willingly accept the stories that younger children make up.

Question 56

Which one of the following items on an intelligence test is most likely to have cultural bias?

Accepted Answer

Croquet is to mallet as golf is to ________.

Question 57

Three days a week, 8-year-old Erica meets with a tutor after school to help her with her reading and writing skills. If you wanted to know how much Erica is benefiting from the tutoring, you would most likely use:

Accepted Answer

A dynamic assessment instrument

Question 58

Which one of the following statements is most accurate about assessing cognitive abilities in infants and toddlers?

Accepted Answer

Appropriate assessment instruments exist, but they are less reliable than assessments created for older children.

Question 59

Which one of the following statements best reflects Sternberg\'s theory of successful intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Intelligent behavior is a function of how well people draw on prior experiences and cognitively process information in order to adapt to a new situation.

Question 60

At age 2, Madeleine is given up for adoption by a mentally ill single mother who realizes she cannot provide adequate care for her daughter. Shortly thereafter, Madeleine is adopted by parents who provide lively conversation, lots of books and educational games, and frequent trips to zoos and museums. Based on this information you might expect Madeleine\'s IQ scores to:

Accepted Answer

Show gradual increases over time

Question 61

Judging from what you have learned about how intelligence is typically measured, which one of the following would you be least likely to find on an intelligence test?

Accepted Answer

How many friends do you have?

Question 62

Four high school teachers have just learned that one of their students, Ralph, has scored extremely well on an intelligence test. Which teacher reveals a belief in Spearman\'s concept of g in intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Grant says, \"Ralph has trouble remembering basic math facts, but he\'s very good when it comes to solving challenging math problems.\"

Question 63

Which one of the following teachers is using a strategy that reflects the concept of distributed intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Chinn encourages his students to use their calculators when solving algebraic word problems.

Question 64

Even though he teaches history rather than English, Mr. Stahl wants to support his seventh-grade students in their syntactic development. Which one of the following strategies, although possibly beneficial in other respects, is least likely to promote his students\' syntactic development?

Accepted Answer

Teach students how to take notes more efficiently by capturing ideas in short phrases rather than complete sentences.

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