question

The reason that "onset prior to age 18" is part of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability is that:

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the diagnosis indicates that the individual was affected during the developmental period

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Samantha is a 6th-grade girl who has great difficulty in school. She pays attention and works hard but appears to have trouble remembering facts and concepts that she has read about. Before we can determine whether Samantha has a learning disability, it is most important to know her:

answer

IQ

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Monte is a 3-year-old boy recently diagnosed with autism. He appears completely unresponsive to his parents and shows no indication of any language development. Monte seems uninterested in communication of any kind and has significant rituals such as lining up his toys and realigning them every few minutes. He becomes hysterical if anyone interrupts his ritualistic activity. On an IQ assessment designed for very young children, Monte's score was extremely low. His prognosis is poor primarily because of:

answer

lack of language acquisition and low IQ

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The medications such as Ritalin and Cylert that are generally used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder have proven particularly helpful to most patients in:

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temporarily (while medicated) reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity and/or improving concentration

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The hypothesis that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be influenced by toxins, food additives, or diet:

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Notes from professor: The association is reasonably well understood to not exist. The treatment is ineffective.

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is estimated to occur in about _____ of school age children. 2% 6% 4% 10%

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4%

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The most effective treatment for enuresis is:

answer

Conditioning procedures

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Psychological disorders are considered developmental disorders when there is a:

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significant dysfunction during childhood

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The term "pervasive" in the title of "Pervasive Developmental Disorders" relates to the fact that these disorders:

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significantly affect individuals throughout their lives

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An individual with an IQ score of 30 would be classified with:

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severe retardation

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Research regarding the behavior of the parents of autistic children suggests that autism is:

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not the result of parenting behaviors

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Which best describes the way attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) develops as children grow into adulthood?

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manifestations of ADHD tend to change over time but many problems often persist

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Most of the behavior disorders specific to childhood appear to:

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?

question

A learning disorder is defined as:

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achievement in reading, writing or math below the level predicted by the individual's age, IQ, and education

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Treatment for learning disorders generally involves:

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educational remediation

question

One major distinction between Asperger's disorder and autism is that:

answer

Asperger's disorder is not associated with severe language delays

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All of the following are likely signs of a learning disorder except : poor grades in a foreign language despite straight As in all other subjects standardized math scores that are well below the level predicted by the child's IQ and education difficulty with reading and word recognition inability to comprehend what has been read

answer

poor grades in a foreign language despite straight As in all other subjects

question

The reason that intellectual disability is recorded on the same DSM-IV axis as personality disorders is because:

answer

this axis relates to relatively chronic conditions

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Oppositional defiant disorder:

answer

often precedes the development of conduct disorder

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Children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder tend to be:

answer

unpopular with other children

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ADHD

answer

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, an impulsiveness.

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Asperger's Disorder

answer

Pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social relationships and restricted or unusual behaviors, but without language delays.

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Attachment

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An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.

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Autistic Disorder (autism)

answer

pervasive developmental disorder characterized by significant impairments in social interactions and communication and restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity.

question

Bell Pad

answer

child sleeps on a pad that has a sensory device that detects urine. if the child wets during her sleep, a bell rings and wakes her. thought to be the best way to get rid of bed wetting.

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Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

answer

Pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2- to 4-year period of normal development.

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Communication Disorders

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Problems in transmitting or conveying information, including stuttering, selective mutism, and expressive language disorder.

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Coprolalia

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Involuntary use of vulgar or obscene language

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Cultural-female retardation

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mild retardation that may be caused largely by environmental factors.

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Disorder of written expression

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Condition in which writing performance is significantly below the standard age for that age level.

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Down Syndrome

answer

Type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration (21) and involving characteristic physical appearance. sometimes called trisomy 21

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Dyslexia

answer

learning disability involving problems in reading.

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Echolalia

answer

Repetition or echoing of the speech of others, a normal intermediate step in the development of speech skills. Originally thought to be a unique symptom of autism, it is now seen as evidence of developmental delay involved in that disorder.

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Educable Intellectual Disability

answer

Obsolete term referring to level of intellectual disability comparable to the dsm-iv-tr "mild" designation that assumes the individual can learn basic academic skills.

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Enuresis

answer

bed wetting

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Encopresis

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A childhood disorder characterized by repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one's clothing

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Expressive Language Disorder

answer

an individual's problems in spoken communication, as measured by significant low scores on standardized tests of expressive language relative to nonverbal intelligence test scores. symptoms may include a markedly limited vocabulary or errors in verb tense.

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Failure to Thrive

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Stunted physical growth and maturation in children, often associated with psychosocial factors such as lack of love and nurturing.

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Fragile X Syndrome

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Pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the X chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual physical characteristics.

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Hyperactivity

answer

A condition of excessive activity. In children, hyperactivity is demonstrated by constant fidgeting, talking, moving, running, climbing, and so on. In adolescents and adults, hyperactivity takes the form of restless feelings and difficulty sitting still.

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Learning Disorders

answer

Reading, math, or written expression performance substantially below levels of expected relative to the person's age, IQ score, and education.

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Maintenance of Sameness

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necessity among people with autism that their familiar environment remain unchanged. they become upset when new things are introduced.

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Mathematics Disorder

answer

math is below what is expected.

question

Intellectual Disability

answer

(formerly referred to as mental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

question

Pervasive Development Disorders

answer

Wide ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18

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Reading Disorder

answer

reading below expected.

question

Receptive Language

answer

The ability to understand what is being said

question

Rett's Disorder

answer

Progressive neurological developmental disorder featuring constant hand-wringing, intellectual disability and impaired motor skills.

question

Ritalin

answer

ADHD / most commonly prescribed psychostimulant for ADHD, generic name is methylphenidate

question

Selective Mutism

answer

Developmental disorder characterized by the individual's consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations.

question

Tic Disorder

answer

..., Predominantly psychogenic disorders characterized by involuntary, spasmodic, stereotyped movement of small groups of muscles

question

Tourette's Disorder

answer

..., An inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterised by the presence of multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic; these tics characteristically wax and wane.

question

The prevalence of ADHD among school-aged children in the United States is approximately:

answer

6%

question

Joe has mild intellectual disability. His therapist is teaching him a skill by breaking it down into its component parts. Joe's therapist is implementing what technique?

answer

task analysis

question

What pervasive developmental disorders primarily affect girls?

answer

Rett's disorder

question

Research by Lovaas (1987) has suggested that autistic children show the greatest intellectual and educational improvement when they are:

answer

placed in regular classrooms

question

Mathematics learning disorder is estimated to occur in approximately _____ of the population.

answer

1%

question

Four-year-old Susan has just been diagnosed with autism. Research suggests that her chances of ever developing meaningful speech are about:

answer

...

question

According to the DSM-IV-TR, the two symptoms that are characteristic of ADHD are:

answer

inattention and hyperactivity

question

Research has shown that ADHD in children is associated with:

answer

maternal smoking during pregnancy

question

What form of intellectual disability is caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome?

answer

Down's Syndrome

question

Olivia, a three-year-old, is taken to a therapist to undergo psychological assessment. Her parents report that she rarely speaks in any situation, although it is clear that she understands what is said to her. She does not have any other symptoms. Olivia's symptoms are consistent with:

answer

expressive language disorder

question

According to DSM-IV-TR, a person diagnosed with intellectual disability must show the symptoms of this disorder prior to what age:

answer

18 years

question

The most common learning disorder is _____, which occurs in _____ of the population.

answer

reading disorder; 4-10%

question

When using behavioral techniques to address communication problems that occur with autism, a teacher may use _____, which involves rewarding the child for making progressive approximations of speech.

answer

shaping

question

Echolalia is characterized by which of the following behaviors?

answer

repeating the speech of others

question

Asperger's disorder and autism share all of the following symptoms:

answer

impaired social relationships restricted interests and activities repetitive stereotyped behaviors

question

In the DSM-IV-TR multiaxial system, intellectual disability is diagnosed on:

answer

Axis II

question

Which of the following best describes the course of intellectual disability?

answer

chronic

question

The major reason that developmental disorders are considered so serious in terms of their capacity to disrupt later functioning is:

answer

that failure to develop at one level is thought to inhibit later stages of development

question

All of the following is true about autism?

answer

genes probably play a major causal role in many cases. more than half of the people with autism are severely or profoundly mentally retarded

Abnormal Psychology Lesson 17 Speedback and Important Concepts – Flashcards

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