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Illness due to a specific disease or health condition is known as

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Morbidity

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The individual whose name is associated with a natural experiment during an outbreak of cholera in London was:

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John Snow

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A method for providing quantitative measurements of risks to health is known as:

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Risk Assessment

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Increases and decreases in the frequency of a disease within a year or over a period of several years are known as:

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Cyclic trends

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Health events that are related in time reflect

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Temporal clustering

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A graphic plotting of the distribution of cases by time of onset is a[n]

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Epidemic curve

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A range of values that with a certain degree of probability contain the population parameter is known as a:

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Confidence interval estimate

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The number of live births during a specified period such as a year per the resident population during the midpoint of the year is the:

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Crude birth rate

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A centralized database for collection of information about diseases such as cancer is known as:

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Registry

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The occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health behavior, or other health related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy is known as a(n):

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Epidemic

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The immune fraction Use the following example to answer Question. According to a national survey of asthma: On May 1, 2010, the number of residents in Oklahoma who had been diagnosed with asthma at any time during their life was A. The population on June 30, 2010, was B. During the same year, the number of new cases of asthma was C. The incidence rate of asthma (per 100,000) would be expressed as: If A equals the number of deaths in 2009 and B equals the population at the midpoint of 2009 and C equals the number of persons aged 15-24, then the crude death rate per 100,000 population would be:

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(A/B) x 100,000

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With respect to derivation of hypotheses, a type of association in which the frequency of an outcome increases with the frequency of exposure to a factor is known as:

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Method of concomitant variation

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The physician who determined that a human disease was caused by a specific living organism and proceeded to develop four postulates to demonstrate the association between a microorganism and a disease was:

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Robert Koch

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Operations research illustrates which of the following uses of epidemiology:

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Health Service Use

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All of the following are considered ratios except:

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Time

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The lowest dose at which a particular response occurs is known as the:

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Threshold

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Which factors can decrease and observed prevalence?

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A & C only

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The term that indicates cases of diseases that occur in a specific geographic region is:

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Spatial clustering

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The systematic and continuous gathering of information about the occurrence of diseases and other health phenomena is known as:

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Public health surveillance

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Studies of the effects of exposure to teratogens have used data from

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Birth Certificates

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The immune fraction Use the following example to answer Question. According to a national survey of asthma: On May 1, 2010, the number of residents in Oklahoma who had been diagnosed with asthma at any time during their life was A. The population on June 30, 2010, was B. During the same year, the number of new cases of asthma was C. The incidence rate of asthma (per 100,000) would be expressed as:

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(C/B) x 100,000

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All of the following are considered vital events EXCEPT

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Graduation

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Prevalence measures do not aid in:

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Determining the risk of disease

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Which of the following sources could be used for determining life expectancy?

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Vital Statistics Cooperative Program

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The process of passing from observations and axioms to generalizations is known as

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Inference

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With respect to derivation of hypothesis, a situation in which all of the factors in two or more domains are the same except for a single factor is known as:

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Method of difference

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A type of correlative association between an exposure and effect is a:

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Dose-relationship

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A type of variable that can have an infinite number of values within a specified range is:

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Continuous

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Those members of the population who are capable of developing a disease or condition are known as:

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The population at risk

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Using health-related data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response is known as:

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Syndromic surveillance

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When the value of one variable increases and the value of a second variable increases, the association is:

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Positive

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Epidemiology searches for associations between exposures and:

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Health Outcomes

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Variation in the occurrence of diseases and other health outcomes in populations relates mots closely to:

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Distribution

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A vaccine that provided immunity to smallpox was created by:

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Edward Jenner

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The probability that an event will occur-an individual will become ill or die within a stated period of time or by a certain age-is known as:

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Risk

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The English anesthesiologist who linked cholera outbreaks to contaminated water and innovated several of the key epidemiologic methods that remain valid and in use today

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John Snow

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The process of defining measurement procedures for the variables used in a study is:

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Operationalization

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The ability of a study to demonstrate an association if one exists is known as:

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Power

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In epidemiology, place variables include:

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Localized occurrence of disease

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Urban diseases and causes of mortality are more likely to be those spread by

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A & B

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Any factor that brings about change in a health condition or other defined characteristic is known as:

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Determinant

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The immune fraction Use the following example to answer Question. According to a national survey of asthma: On May 1, 2010, the number of residents in Oklahoma who had been diagnosed with asthma at any time during their life was A. The population on June 30, 2010, was B. During the same year, the number of new cases of asthma was C. The incidence rate of asthma (per 100,000) would be expressed as: The point prevalence of asthma (percent) would be expressed as:

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(A/B) x 100

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The time period between initial exposure and a measurable response is known as:

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Latency

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For both males and females, what type of cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality?

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Lung and bronchus cancer

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Whether a contaminated food such as tomatoes caused an outbreak of gastrointestinal disease is a simple example of: Answer

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Casusal Association

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The number of late fatal deaths after 28 weeks or more of gestation plus infant deaths within 7 days of birth divided by the number of live births plus late fetal deaths during a year is the:

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Perinantal Mortality Rate

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At the top of the asthma surveillance pyramid is

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Mortality

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The ancient Greek who contributed to epidemiology by departing from superstitious reasons for disease outbreaks was:

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Hippocrates

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The number of deaths due to a disease that occurs among persons who are afflicted with the disease is known as:

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Case fatality rate

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Monitoring cancer trends in the U.S. population over time is a major application of:

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Registries

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The category in a frequency distribution that has the highest frequency of cases is known as:

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Mode

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Differences in the occurrence of diseases and adverse health conditions in the population are known as:

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Health disparities

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The number of live births reported in an area during a given time interval divided by the number of women aged 15 to 44 is known as:

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General fertility rate

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A stage that takes place during the early phases of pathogenesis and includes activities that limit the progression of disease:

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Secondary prevention

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For which of the following criteria do epidemiologists need to observe the cause before the effect?

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Temporality

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Which of the following disease outbreaks happened between 1346 and 1352 and claimed up to one-third of the population of Europe:

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Black death

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What is one of the first steps in presenting data after they have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness?

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Count and tabulate cases

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The death of a fetus when it is in the uterus and before it has been delivered is known as:

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Fetal mortality

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When the incidence rate of disease increases, the prevalence will:

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Increase

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Which of the following is NOT considered a use of epidemiology?

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To provide healthcare services to specific individuals

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The web of causation model specifies a type of causal relationship that is:

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Multi-factorial

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When the value of one variable increases and the value of another variable decreases, the association is:

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Negative

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