question

According to Figure 3-6 (page 59), the infant mortality rate in the United States in 2005 was lowest for which of the following races:

answer

Asian or Pacific Islander

question

Established in 1984 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, _______ is a state-based system of health surveys that collects information on health risk behaviors, preventive health practices, and health care access primarily related to chronic disease and injury.

answer

BRFSS

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a nationally notifiable infectious disease:

answer

corona virus

question

The term that describes the use of health-related data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response:

answer

syndromic surveillance

question

The term that refers to the generalizability of epidemiological findings to the population from which the data have been taken is:

answer

external validity

question

Based on the secular trends displayed in Figure 4-15 examining yearly suicide rates among females: In 2004, among women aged 15-19 years, the rate of suicide was lowest for:

answer

poisoning

question

Severe weather events (and their consequences) are often studied using:

answer

cyclic trend analysis

question

Based on Figure 4-18 (page 84), between 1983 and 2005, the percentage of enterovirus reports was lowest in:

answer

feb

question

Gradual changes in the frequency of diseases over long periods of time are referred to as:

answer

secular trends

question

The type of investigation that is defined as one "that examines the relationship between diseases (or other health-related characteristics) and other variables of interest as they exist in a defined population at one particular time":

answer

cross-sectional study

question

In cases of histoplasmosis, the most likely mode of entry is:

answer

via the respiratory tract

question

The period of time from the point of infection by Histoplasma capsulatum to the development of initial symptoms (headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, or cough) represents the:

answer

latent period

question

In the report on Histoplasmosis Outbreak Among Day Camp Attendees — Nebraska, June 2012, the probable infection source was:

answer

bat guano

question

Suppose researchers now decide to focus their attention on another Nebraska campsite that has reported no cases of histoplasmosis thus far. If public health officials were to follow asymptomatic counselors and camp attendees for a period of time to record and compare the incidence of disease between exposed and non-exposed individuals, they would utilize which type of study design:

answer

ecological study

question

Assume 797 children who attended the camp are considered to be the "at risk" population in the report of Histoplasmosis Outbreak Among Day Camp Attendees — Nebraska, June 2012. If five confirmed cases of histoplasmosis existed on June 15, 2012, the point prevalence of the disease on that date is approximately:

answer

6.3 in 1000

question

A confirmed case of histoplasmosis was defined as a:

answer

serum or urine test positive for H. capsulatum

question

The route of transmission of Histoplasmosis is typically:

answer

inhalation of soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings

question

In the report titled Histoplasmosis Outbreak Among Day Camp Attendees — Nebraska, June 2012, the pathogen responsible for the disease is:

answer

fungal

question

Referring to the table at the top of page 745 of the CDC MMW Report, the date of the last outbreak case, last patient isolate, or last environmental sample of the polio virus in Peru was:

answer

April 11, 2011

question

The ability of the polio virus to cause disease is known as its:

answer

pathogenicity

question

The main public health implication of the report on Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses (VDPVs) is that:

answer

we are facing an insurmountable obstacle to worldwide polio eradication

question

Referring to Figure 1 at the top of page 739 of the CDC MMW Report, the number of persons reporting onset of fever among the village residents of Trapeang Roka, Cambodia during the study period was highest on approximately:

answer

march 18th

question

Referring to the table at the top of page 738 of the CDC MMW Report, what percentage of the total population of Trapeang Roka, Cambodia during the study period complained of having all three symptoms of the disease?

answer

66.3

question

The spread of disease during the Chikungunya outbreak in Cambodia between February 2012 and March 2012 was due to:

answer

vector-borne transmission of the pathogen

question

In the report regarding the Chikungunya outbreak in Cambodia, the pathogen is:

answer

a virus

question

The population of the Bronx according to the 2010 United States Census is approximately 1,400,800. Assume 500,000 of the individuals living in this area are considered "at risk" for disease transmitted by the Norway rat. If 500 existing cases of rat-transmitted disease were noted on November 17, 2008, what is the point prevalence for the disease?

answer

1 in 1000

question

If New York City public health officials had elected to monitor the incidence of disease attributable to Rattus norvegicus for the time period December 2007-August 2009, they would need to know the number of individuals at risk as well as:

answer

the number of all cases (old and new) of disease from rat infestation that were counted during the time period December 2007-August 2009

question

Regarding New York City's rat control program: In a similar rat-control program initiated in Baltimore, Baltimore found that a decrease in the prevalence of rat infestation could be achieved, but the results were largely attributable to:

answer

a government-subsidized baiting program

question

Using the table located in the upper right-hand corner of page 735 of the MMW Report, the decrease in the percentage of severe rat infestations between Indexing Round 1 and Indexing Round 2 was:

answer

.21

question

In the article pertaining to the evaluation of the New York City rat-management program, a property was considered to have a severe rat infestation problem if the ARS was:

answer

≥3

question

The type of association represented by the dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and mortality from lung cancer is an example of:

answer

method of difference

question

The assertion that the observed association is not likely to have occurred as a result of chance is called:

answer

statistical significance

question

The time period between initial exposure (to a pathogen, for example) and a measurable response is called:

answer

latancy

question

In a dose-response relationship, the lowest dose at which a particular response occurs is termed the:

answer

threshold

question

With continuous variables, a measure of the strength of an association between the variables is _______.

answer

the Pearson correlation coefficient

question

The type of study in which "disease-free" subjects are classified according to their exposure to a factor of interest and then observed over time to document the occurrence of new cases (incidence) of disease or other health events:

answer

prospective cohort study

question

"The distortion of a measure of the effect of an exposure on an outcome due to the association of the exposure with other factors that influence the occurrence of the outcome" is a type of study bias known as:

answer

confounding

question

An investigation involving intentional change in some aspect of the status of the subjects is called a (an):

answer

intervention study

question

The measure of the association between frequency of exposure and frequency of outcome used in case-contol studies is:

answer

odds ratio (OR)

question

Which of the following types of study designs is considered an observational analytic study:

answer

case-control

question

The ability of a screening test to identify only nondiseased individuals who actually do not have the disease:

answer

specificity

question

The ability of the measuring instrument to give a true measure of the entity being measured is termed:

answer

validity

question

_______ refers to estimates of the number of excess unwarranted health events expected at different time intervals at each level of exposure.

answer

risk characterization

question

An examination of the evidence that associates exposure to an agent with its toxicity and produces a qualitative judgement about the strength of that evidence (whether derived from human epidemiology or extrapolated from laboratory animal data) is known as:

answer

hazard identification

question

The individuals, organizations, and members of government who are affected by policy decisions are known as:

answer

stakeholders

question

The first state to address this public health concern (drinking and driving among high school students) by enacting "graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems was:

answer

FL

question

Suppose that you wish to design a study that examines the number of car accidents that occur in the UCF arena parking lot following a football game. You formulate a hypothesis that the greatest percentage of accidents are due to driver consumption of alcohol during the game. The outcome of interest is involvement in an MVA (motor vehicle accident) and the "exposure" is consumption of alcohol. After one particular football game, you locate the drivers involved in minor MVAs in the parking lot and compare this group to approximately the same number of drivers who avoided MVAs on game day. You survey all these drivers to identify those who had indeed been drinking during the game and those who had consumed no alcohol. Of the 120 drivers who were involved in MVAs, 90 had consumed alcohol. Of the 120 drivers who left the parking lot without incident, 2 drivers had consumed alcohol. The study design you have you created for this investigation is:

answer

case-control study

question

Based on Table 2 page 798, which state had the highest percentage of high school students (ages 16 years or older) who drove a car (or other vehicle) when drinking alcohol?

answer

North Dakota

question

n 2011, what percentage of high school students (ages 16 years or older) who drove after drinking also admitted to binge drinking?

answer

84.6

question

Based on Figure 1 on page 793, in Afghanistan, the number of cases of wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3) reported between January 2009 and August 2012 seemed to be highest in which month?

answer

dec 2009

question

The estimated national routine immunization coverage of infants with three doses of oral polio vaccine in Afghanistan and Pakistan is:

answer

66% and 75% respectively

question

The majority of the cases of Influenza A (H3N2) reported during the May 20-September 22, 2012 surveillance period were associated with direct contact with:

answer

swine

question

The number of influenza-associated pediatric deaths during the May 20-September 22 (2012) surveillance period was:

answer

2

question

Based on the figure at the top of page 786, the number of cases of Influenza A due to H3N2 was highest during which week of the surveillance period?

answer

week 31

question

Human rabies is caused by a:

answer

virus

question

In the rabies scenario, between June 13 and July 31 (2012), 59 contacts were identified. Assume that all the contacts were eventually diagnosed as having rabies. In this same time period, assume that 26 of these individuals later died due to the infection. The case-fatality rate would be:

answer

44

question

From October 2 - October 4, 2011, assume that the population of the prison was 600 inmates. Now assume that every inmate consumed the pruno described in the botulism scenario. The physician at the correctional facility identifies 5 new cases of botulism during this time period. The incidence rate would be:

answer

8.3 per 1000

question

The suspected source of the C. botulinum spores in the prison-made illicit alcohol was:

answer

a baked potato

question

The case definition of botulism includes the presence of:

answer

cranial nerve palsies and weakness

question

Humans can shed the rabies pathogen in saliva up to _____weeks before the onset of symptoms.

answer

2

question

Person-to-person rabies transmission is theoretically possible. The highest risk of exposure is associated with:

answer

contact with infectious tears, saliva, or neural tissue

question

Rabid bats have been documented in every state EXCEPT:

answer

hawaaii

question

5 pts On page 803 of the CDC MMWR, the QuickStats graph indicates that, between 2009-2011, the greatest percentage of uninsured adult age 18-34 who did not have health insurance lived in: On page 803 of the CDC MMWR, the QuickStats graph indicates that, between 2009-2011, the greatest percentage of uninsured adult age 18-34 who did not have health insurance lived in:

answer

rural localities

question

According to the timeline at the top of page 779, on what date did the the US resident with the suspected bat bite enter the "infectious period"?

answer

june 11, 2012

question

n the study that you designed to examine the correlation between alcohol consumption and minor MVAs in the UCF arena parking lot following a football game, the measure of association is known as the:

answer

odds ratio

question

A type of incidence rate used when the occurrence of a disease among a population at risk increases greatly over a short period of time, often related to a specific exposure:

answer

attack rate

question

In the investigation of a disease outbreak, the graphic plotting of the the distribution of cases by time of onset is called a (an):

answer

epidemic curve

question

Based on Figure 8-14 (page 153): In 2002, worldwide, the greatest percentage of deaths form vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) among children < 5 years was due to:

answer

pneumococcal diseases

question

An inanimate object that has the potential to harbor and transmit infectious disease agents is known as a (an):

answer

fomite

question

The resistance of an entire community to an infectious agent as a result of the immunity of a large proportion of individuals in that community to the agent is called:

answer

herd immunity

question

An anxiety disorder that some people develop after seeing or living through an event that caused or threatened serious harm or death is termed:

answer

post-traumatic stress disorder

question

The need to drink increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects is known as:

answer

alcohol dependence

question

According to BRFSS data (Figure 9-18), in the United States in 2007: In the state of Florida, the prevalence of obesity based on the percentage of persons with body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater was:

answer

20-24%

question

Based of Figure 9-15 (page 170), methamphetamine use in the past year among persons aged 12 or older (2002, 2003, 2004) was lowest among those individuals aged:

answer

26+

question

Regarding binge drinking among high school students in the United States (1991, 1993, 2003, 2005),the greatest percentage of binge drinking occurred among:

answer

males, grades 11-12, 1993

question

According to the CDC, ______ are the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries for persons aged 65 years and older:

answer

falls

question

In the United States in 2003, the prevalence of physical dating violence victimization among high school students was greatest in which region of the country:

answer

northeast

question

According to data for the 1990's, __________ was the state with a death rate for all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes that was approximately eight times higher than the national average.

answer

west virgina

question

Between 2001 and 2005 in the United States, the estimated annual rate of nonfatal sports- and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries treated in emergency departments was highest for:

answer

males 10-14

question

Based on Figure 10-7: The age-adjusted death rates for leading causes of injury in the United States indicate that, in 2004, for the first since 1968, the number of reported _______ deaths exceeded the number of firearm deaths.

answer

posioning

question

In their response to the Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreak in West Virginia (2011), public health officials incorporated efforts to:

answer

inform health-care providers about macrolide resistance.

question

In the case of the West Virginia counties, the outbreak subsided after implementation of:

answer

implementation of standard public health measures, such as providing hand sanitizers in schools.

question

Similar school-based outbreaks of M. pneumoniae such as the outbreak noted in West Virginia have been described previously with attack rates of pneumonia ranging from:

answer

1.8% to 6.4%

question

According to the information displayed in Table 1, page 835: Among those individuals with a laboratory-confirmed case of M. pneumoniae (n = 23†), the most common symptom (excluding fever) was:

answer

runny nose

question

In the cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in West Virginia, suspected diagnosis was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing of _________ samples.

answer

nasopharygeal

question

The pathogen responsible for the cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the West Virginia outbreak is:

answer

bacterial

question

As a result of the CDC data collected on the various causes of premature death and the associated years of potential life lost:

answer

efforts were directed toward raising public awareness of this issue and the "Protect the Ones You Love" initiative was launched.

question

The state with the highest YPLL was:

answer

mississippi

question

According to Table 1 (page 831), the greatest annualized number of deaths was associated with _______.

answer

motor vehicle/traffic-related injuries

question

YPLL was calculated for each decedent by subtracting the age at death in years from ______.

answer

75

question

The concept of years of potential life lost (YPLL) involves estimating the average time a person would have lived had he or she not died prematurely. This measure is used to help quantify social and economic loss owing to premature death. In the CDC report, YPLL was highest among:

answer

American Indian/Alaska native males

question

5 pts There are approximately _____deaths attributed to unintentional injuries among persons aged 0-19 years each year in the United States. There are approximately _____deaths attributed to unintentional injuries among persons aged 0-19 years each year in the United States.

answer

12,000

question

In the editorial comment that followed the CDC report on pod-poisoning cases, the author states his opinion that the report has several limitations. One of the major limitations to the CDC report involves:

answer

the fact that health-care providers and parents might be more likely to contact poison centers for new products with which they are unfamiliar

question

In the case reports regarding the North Carolina pod-poisoning incidents, both of the children involved in these events:

answer

required intubation

question

Based on Table 2 (page 827), of the total sample of children aged ≤5 years exposed to non-pod laundry detergent (n = 414), what percentage experienced eye irritation/pain?

answer

16%

question

Based on Table 2 (page 827), of the total sample of children aged ≤5 years exposed to laundry detergent in pods (n = 454), how many experienced drowsiness/lethargy?

answer

34

question

During May 17- June 17, 2012, among all 992 laundry detergent exposures for which age was recorded, the median age was ______.

answer

2 years

question

On May 17, 2012, AAPCC, in junction with the CDC, initiated what procedure to simplify the surveillance of laundry detergent pod-related events?

answer

Created a unique code specifically for laundry detergent pods

question

Among children aged ≤5 years, a significantly greater proportion of those exposed to laundry detergent from pods had what type of adverse health effects compared with those cases involving non-pod laundry detergent exposures?

answer

gastroentestinal and respiratory

question

During May 17-June 17, 2012, poison centers reported 1,008 laundry detergent exposures to the National Poison Data System (NPDS). What percentage of these exposures involved laundry detergent pods?

answer

48%

question

Almost all epidemics in the United States are due to:

answer

introduction of the disease into the population by travelers or visitors to the U.S.

question

In the past 5-10 years, _______ has provided one of the greatest advantages in state and national efforts to facilitate adequate, timely immunizations against preventable diseases:

answer

the electronic health/electronic medical record system

question

To prevent pertussis (whooping cough), the CDC recommends an immunization of ______ between the ages of 11 and 12.

answer

TDAP

question

One of the most critical factors in the resurgence of pertussis (whooping cough) has been:

answer

the lack of an effective vaccine for those persons older than 12 years of age

question

In 2009-2010, approximately 1500 people in New York/New Jersey contracted ______ with the outbreak eventually traced to an 11-year-old boy entering the United States from Great Britain.

answer

mumps

question

In 1993, the federally-funded "Vaccines For Children" was created as a response to a recent resurgence in the number of ______ cases.

answer

mealses

question

"The Lancet" first published a report by a British surgeon named Andrew Wakefield in which he claimed there was an association between ______ and autism.

answer

MMR

question

Although vaccination against human papillomavirus has been available since 2006, records indicated that in 2009, only ____ of women in Florida had received HPV immunization.

answer

39%

question

It is estimated that approximately _____ of the population carries the meningococcal bacterium in their nose or throat.

answer

15%

question

The meningococcal immunization is recommended for adolescents 11-12 years of age with a booster administered at age ___.

answer

16

question

The human papillomavirus immunization is recommended as a three dose series administered over a 6-month period to persons ______ years of age.

answer

9-26

question

Approximately how many women die of cervical cancer each year?

answer

4,000

question

The human papillomavirus vaccine is close to ____ effective in preventing the development of cervical cancer (if prior exposure to HPV has not occurred):

answer

100%

question

Genital warts has been identified as the primary cause of all cervical carcinoma with an estimated ________ new cases of cervical cancer identified each year.

answer

11,000

question

The human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted disease with an estimated _____ of all women contracting the virus at some point in their lives.

answer

85%

question

In Florida, the overall vaccination rate is ____:

answer

90%

question

The main reason immunization rates among adolescents are lower than those for younger children is:

answer

the lack of knowledge among parents that certain immunizations are still critical in this age group

question

Every time a new vaccine is developed, before it can be listed on the CDC early childhood immunization schedule, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that:

answer

the vaccine not affect the safety and immunogenicity profile of any other recommended vaccine

question

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention distributes an early childhood immunization schedule that is updated ______:

answer

annually

question

How many vaccinations are recommended between birth and six months of age?

answer

6

question

At the time this video was produced, vaccine-preventable childhood diseases were responsible for approximately ______ deaths among children younger than 5 years of age.

answer

1 out of 1,000

question

The disease contracted by Brianna "Weeble" Hopps has significant mortality, typically killing approximately _____ of its victims.

answer

20%

question

Brianna "Weeble" Hopps contracted _________ prior to her first birthday, and since that time, has had significant neurological complications.

answer

Strep B pneumococcal meningitis

question

In 1976, there were approximately 1,000 cases of pertussis (whooping cough) in the United States. In 2010, there were more than _______ cases of pertussis identified among the nation's population.

answer

21,000

question

The concept that you do not need to vaccinate 100% of the population in order to prevent the spread of disease among members of a community is known as:

answer

herd immunity

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