Environmental Science exam 4 – Flashcards
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The relationship between frogs and insects is an example of
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a predator-prey rel
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Production of a new species from a previously existing species
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Speciation
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Loss of an entire species
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Extinction
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Distinct pieces of DNA that determines the characteristics an individual displays
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Genes
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All of the individuals of the same species found within a specific geographic region
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Population
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Process that determines which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes on to the next generation
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Natural selection
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Population of all the organisms who can potentially reproduce and have fertile offspring
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Species
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Changes in genes and characteristics seen in successive generations over time
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Evolution
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One organism kills and eats another organism
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Predation
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One organism lives on or in another organism
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Parasitism
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One organism benefits and the other organism is not affected
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Commensalism
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Two organisms strive to obtain the same limited resources
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Competition
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Both species benefit; in many of these relationships one species can't live without the other
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Mutualism
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Each step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem is known as a
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Trophic Level
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Phosphorous is released from rocks by which process?
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Weathering and erosion
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Charles Darwin is generally credited with
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developing the concept of natural selection
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Study of the ways organisms interact with each other and with their non-living surroundings
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Ecology
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Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime
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Environment
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The place where an organism lives
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Habitat
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The functional role an organism has in its surroundings
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Niche
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Natural selection is the process that determines
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which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation.
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What are some abiotic factors that can influence an organism?
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Energy, water, air, sunlight, and soil
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What kind of plant has nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in their roots?
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Legumes
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Organisms that use energy from the sun to make complex, organic molecules
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Producer
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Organisms that require organic matter as a source of food
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Consumer
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Animals that eat producers
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Herbivore
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Animals that eat other animals
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Carnivore
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Animals that eat plants and animals
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Omnivore
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This concept states that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche in the same place and the same time.
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Competitive Exclusion Principle
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What is the term used to describe a shallow, partially enclosed area where freshwater enters the ocean?
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Estuary
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What abiotic conditions are the biggest determinants of biome location?
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Precipitation and Temperature
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List the freshwater layers from top to bottom:
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Epilimnion Thermocline Hypolimnion Benthos
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List the Oceanic zones from top to bottom:
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Littoral Pelagic Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic Abyssal Hadal
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In addition to northern latitudes, patches of tundra-like plant communities are also found
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On mountain tops
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Mediterranean Shrublands (Chaparral) have been heavily impacted by humans because
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they are near the oceans and have a moderate climate.
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A progression that begins with a total lack of organisms
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Primary succession
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Which group of organisms forms the base of the energy pyramid in a pelagic marine ecosystem?
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Phytoplankton
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The unusual forest biome occurring in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia is called a
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Temperate rainforest
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Which is an example of secondary succession?
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a burned field
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What is the dominant organism colonizing bare rock during primary succession?
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Lichens
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The taxonomic group that displays the greatest biodiversity is
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Insects
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Which harvesting method allows cutting of mature trees without damaging the forest?
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selective harvesting
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Biodiversity is a broad term used to describe the
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Diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems
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Complete extinction occurs when
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all individuals of a species are eliminated
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Genetic diversity is influenced by which of the following?
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Migration, Mutation, Sexual reproduction
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Sport hunting seasons are regulated to the fall so that
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surplus animals are taken before the challenges of winter.
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The chief aim of CITES is to
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to prevent illegal international trade of endangered species.
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Waterfowl present special wildlife management problems because
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they are migratory
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Which organism was introduced into the Great Lakes and has expanded its range to the Mississippi River?
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Zebra Mussel
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The number one cause of extinction is
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habitat fragmentation and loss
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What is an example of genetic diversity?
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Three different color variations of the same butterfly species
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Which of the following is NOT a technique for managing wildlife?
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Introduction of exotic species
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An individual can help to control the spread of invasive species by
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Becoming informed about the issue, growing native plants, and not releasing non-native plants, fish or other animals into water.
