Env. Health Chap. 1-6 – Flashcards
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Currently, the number of years required for the world's population to double is approximately A. 53 years B. 73 years C. 43 years D. 13 years E. 93 years
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43 years
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3. Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by A. Physical factors B. Biological factors C. Social factors D. Psychosocial factors E. All of the above
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All of the above
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4. Environmental risk transition is most likely to be characterized by: A. Increasing levels of poor food, air, and water quality B. Increasing frequency of diarrhea caused by unsafe water C. Air pollution from poor-quality indoor fuels D. Control of household risks and creation of a new set of problems E. Increases in acute respiratory diseases
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Control of household risks and creation of a new set of problems
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5. In 2050, the world's three most populous countries will be A. China, India, United States B. United States, Russia, and Japan C. China, Indonesia, and Brazil D. India, China, United States E. Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria
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India, China, United States
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6. Identify the incorrect statement: The 2009 swine flu outbreak A. Was caused by the H5N1 virus B. Spread through North America to other parts of the globe C. Was classified as a pandemic by WHO D. Showed evidence of person-to-person transmission E. Initial cases showed no evidence of contact with pigs
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Was caused by the H5N1 virus
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7. Lemuel Shattuck's proposals set forth in the Report of the Sanitary Conditions of Massachusetts A. Argued for the creation of state health departments B. Described how environmental sanitation affected health C. Were extremely innovative for their time D. Ultimately were adopted by public health departments and are now in use E. All of the above
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All of the above
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8. On Airs, Waters, and Places was significant because it: A. Identified an environmental cause of cancer B. Described unsafe and hazardous working environments C. Described the toxic properties of sulfur and zinc D. Emphasized the role of the environment in people's health E. None of the above
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Emphasized the role of the environment in people's health
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9. Reasons for the potential spread of avian influenza include: A. Intensive animal husbandry practices B. Restriction of international travel C. Demonstrated person-to-person transmission D. B & C E. All of the above
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Intensive animal husbandry practices
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10. Stage 1 of the demographic transition demonstrates: A. Drop in mortality rates; high fertility rates B. Fertility and mortality rates are high C. Dropping fertility rates; more even age and sex distributions D. Increasing mortality rates; dropping mortality rates E. None of the above
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Fertility and mortality rates are high
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11. Stage 2 of the demographic transition demonstrates: A. Drop in mortality rates; high fertility rates B. Fertility and mortality rates are high C. Dropping fertility rates; more even age and sex distributions D. Increasing mortality rates; dropping mortality rates E. None of the above
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Drop in mortality rates; high fertility rates
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12. Stage 3 of the demographic transition demonstrates: A. Drop in mortality rates; high fertility rates B. Fertility and mortality rates are high C. Dropping fertility rates; more even age and sex distributions D. Increasing mortality rates; dropping mortality rates E. None of the above
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Dropping fertility rates; more even age and sex distributions
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13. The author of On Airs, Waters, and Places was: A. Socrates B. Aristotle C. Hippocrates D. Pliny the Elder E. Galen
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Hippocrates
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14. The author of the First Essay on Population was: A. John Snow B. Charles Darwin C. Thomas Malthus D. Paul Ehrlich E. None of the above
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Thomas Malthus
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15. The effects of rapid growth of the world's population include A. Urbanization B. Overtaxing carrying capacity C. Food insecurity D. Loss of biodiversity E. All of the above
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All of the above
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16. The environment plays a role in human health through associations with A. Acute conditions B. Allergic responses C. Disability D. Chronic disease E. All of the above
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All of the above
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17. The epidemiologic risk transition is characterized by a A. Population comprised of predominantly young individuals B. Growing burden of chronic, degenerative diseases C. Rapid increase in population D. High mortality rates E. None of the above
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Growing burden of chronic, degenerative diseases
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18. The estimated global burden of disease (percent) linked to environmental sources is A. 5% to 20% B. 25% to 33% C. 35% to 50% D. 55% to 70% E. 75% to 89%
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25% to 33%
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19. The natural population replacement fertility rate in the U.S. is estimated to be A. 2.1 births per woman B. 2.9 births per woman C. 3.1 births per woman D. 3.9 births per woman E. 3.5 births per woman
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2.1 births per woman
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20. Which of the following outcomes is not usually associated with world population growth? A. Prosperity B. Pollution C. Poverty D. Urban crowding E. Increases in infectious diseases
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Prosperity
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21. Which of the following statements is untrue about ecosystems? A. Human beings are not considered to be a part of ecosystems. B. An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities. C. A temporary pond in a hollow tree can be an ecosystem. D. Ecosystems are being degraded rapidly. E. The interconnected components of an ecosystem are in a steady state.
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Human beings are not considered to be a part of ecosystems.
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Why do children in comparison with adults represent a group that is especially vulnerable to environmental hazards? Choose the incorrect answer A. Their immune systems are still developing. B. they may be exposed more often to toxins in the outdoor air. C. They may be exposed more often to toxins in the soil. D. They spend more time indoors. E. They may inadvertently ingest toxic substances
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They spend more time indoors.
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1. According to Healthy People 2010, the social environment includes A. Air, water, and soil B. Chemical, biological, and physical agents C. Housing, transportation, urban development D. Work-related stress, injury, and violence
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Work-related stress, injury, and violence
