English Semester 1 Final Study Guide(Grammar, Essay Conventions) – Flashcards

1 independent clause; ex: The boy cried.

2 independent clauses joined by comma and conjunction or a semicolon; ex: Marion read the paper, but she didn't agree with the thesis.

1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clause(s); ex: When he was younger, Mike had many dogs.

2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clause(s); ex: When the bell rang, the students went to their seats, and the teacher started the lesson.

includes a preposition, a noun or a pronoun, and any modifiers of that noun or pronoun; ex: by the ocean

consists of a participle and any complements of modifiers it may have; the entire participial phrase acts as an adjective; ex: Climbing the tree, the monkey disappeared into the branches.(climbing the tree is a participial phrase because it modifies the monkey disappearing into the branches)

a verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun; ex: Reading will increase your vocabulary.

consists of an infinitive together with its modifies and complements; the entire infinitive phrase can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb; usually attached with "to"; ex: To hit a curve ball solidly is very difficult.

made up of an appositive and its modifiers; ex: We saw three birds, two robins and a cardinal.

"main" clause expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence; ex: He ran.

"dependent" clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone; needs a verb; ex: He finally finished his novel, after months of research.("after months of research" is dependent)

writing piece in which the writer reads a piece of literature and writes about the personal connections and personal feelings the piece inspires in the reader; STEPS: -introduction paragraph(includes summary of writing piece and finishes with thesis statement) -body paragraphs(each paragraph describes each part of the thesis) -conclusion paragraph(restate thesis and summarize main idea)

genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner; STEPS: -introduction paragraph(introduce topic by giving background information that briefly explains the topic so that the reader will understand the topic to be argued, add the thesis statement that clearly and strongly states your opinion concerning the topic) -body paragraphs(each body paragraph gives one reason that supports the opinion stated in the thesis, should be ordered so that the strongest is last) -rebuttal paragraph(state why the other side could be right, but then state an even stronger claim on why your side is better) -conclusion paragraph(summarize main points and connect to world)

a story written about a personal experience; STEPS: -introduction paragraph -beginning of story paragraph -middle of story paragraph -end of story paragraph -conclusion paragraph