English Midterm – Flashcards

the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses

image/action that has a symbolic significance

when 2+ ideas, places, characters and actions are placed side by side for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts

main idea; lesson; plot revolves around this

action/feeling/object/even that symbolizes meanings that are different from their literal sense

indirect reference to a person, place, or thing of historical/literary significance

when words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is diff from the actual meaning of the words

refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicity

attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience

the use of fig. lang. to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses

evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions

when speaker addresses an imaginary character in his speech

takes place when 2+ words close to another repeat the same vowel sound but start w diff consonant sounds

1) Hook ex) quote, startling fact, create image, no questions or definitions 2) Transition into thesis and relevant bg info 3) Thesis (one sentence)

transition + thesis reminder + paragraph topic

explaining an event from the piece of literature in your owns -be specific -shouldnt exceed two sentences -Who what where when why? (must answer four)

Method 1: -lead in sentence w a comma -introduce with the speaker's name or a verb to express the act of speaking ex) Gene comments, " Leper cries, " ~ Method 2: -lead in sentence w a colon -if the lead in sentence DOESNT end w a verb for the act of speaking, place a colon after it and before the passage ex) ...instead of happy for Finny scares Gene and he tries to rationalize his reaction: " ~ Method 3: -blend part of a quote into your sentence (use citation, quotes) -to check if punctuated right: pretend quotation marks aren't there - is it a grammatically correct sentence? -to fit paragraph tense, put past tense verbs in the quote in brackets + change to appropriate tense

-if you are including a passage that has quotes in the source then put a single quotation mark around it -if you are including a passage w/o quotes then put double quotation marks around it

1) Set is apart from the text (but keep it double spaced) 2) Do NOT place it in quotes 3) Indent the entire passage 5 spaces from the left margin 4) Place the period AFTER the quote and BEFORE the citation

Citations should be included after the last quotation and before the period

-explanations -explain how your supporting details (paraphrased examples and quotes) prove the main idea

1) Restated thesis 2) Closing comments ex) writers opinion (no "I think"), relate to today's world, comparison to another person or situation 3) Final sentence that refers to the book

-believed in original sin (humans are born corrupt and sinful) -predestination -Strict moral/religious code -anything pleasant was inspired by the devil (dancing, theater, women dressing nice, etc) -conformity (suppress individuality)

-written by Jonathan Edwards -Puritan Literature -God describes people as "abominable, loathsome, wicked sinful manner" -God's mercy keeps him from releasing his wrath -compares god's wrath to... 1) waves (increase and rise more) - refers to god's vengeance as floods 2) arrow - the bow is bent and arrow is aimed to shoot (metaphor for God's ability to release vengeance at any time) 3) an insect - you are like an insect being held over a fire by the hands of God

-interest in common man -love for nature -interest in the supernature/gothic -look at the world with optimism -importance of imagination -celebration of indiviudality

-written by Bryant -Romanticism Themes: >Death -deals with death across all time and all over the world -reminds you that you are going to die, but death isn't something to be afraid of -When we die, we'll go back into the soil, return to the earth that fed us as we grew >Nature -going outside heals sadness -nature = comfort, happiness > Time -mention people that lived their whole lives, and then passed away and how we're eventually going to do the same (we can be as great as them)

-written by Holmes -romanticism -nature sending a message -The theme is expansion, growth and the hope that life will improve and become refined over time -creature eventually outgrows a chamber only to be in another one -meaning: nautilus serves as a message to ever build "more stately mansions" for the soul to inhabit, so that, at life's end it may be ready and worthy to inhabit heaven above

-written by Poe -Life is going on, but his memories will be there forever -realizes that the raven will never leave because it represents his mourning -speaker prefers loneliness to pain as he tries not to think of his lost lover -tortures himself by asking the raven painful questions, knowing he'll get the same answer "nevermore"

-written by Poe -story of a man named Montresor who decides to seek revenge against a man named Fortunato who has insulted him -He meets Fortunato at a carnival, lures him into the catacombs of his home, and buries him alive -Dramatic irony: readers knew from the start fortunato was going to die

-written by Hawthorne -Romanticism -adulteress Hester Prynne must wear a scarlet A to mark her shame -Her lover, Arthur Dimmesdale, remains unidentified and is wracked with guilt, while her husband, Roger Chillingworth, seeks revenge -Theme: -identitiy and society (Hester chose to keep the A since it was part of her identity and her past) -Dimmesdale fails to realize individuality = strength -Civilization vs Nature >the town: civilization w punishments and rules >the forest: no human authority -Symbolism of names: >"Chillingsworth": cold, inhuman >Prynne rhymes with sin >Dimmesdale: "dim", weak >Pearl: salvation, worth -Symbols >Scarlet A: symbol of shame but eventually stands for "Able" >Pearl: acts as a living sin; gives her motivation to live

-Intuition -Glorifying nature -materialism/simplistic living -Individuality / nonconformity -self reliance -spirituality

-written by Emerson -Transcedentalism -all individuals are really just parts of "one Man" -all roles in society are crucial and important -nature and books are the most important influence on human mind -Where we might see a single farmer - unique and separate from everyone else - Emerson saw simply Man Farming-when he looked at the role of the scholar he found Man Thinking = concept of the unity of all people and things in the universe

-written by Emerson -transcendentalism -urges his readers to follow their individual will instead of conforming to social expectations -follow one's own voice rather than an intermediary's, such as the church -encourages honesty in relationships -effects of self-reliance: altering religious practices, encouraging Americans to stay at home and develop their own culture, and focusing on individual rather than societal progress

-written by Emerson -Transcendentalism -at the end of the poem he becomes aware of beauty and recognizes that he is a part of "the perfect whole." -insight or intuition is often a better guide to truth than experience is -A moment of intuition communicates to him the truth: that beauty and truth are inseparable parts of the unity of nature

-Thoreau -Transcendentalism - if the government requires one to be an agent of injustice toward another, then Thoreau says one must break the law -didnt pay taxes bc he didnt agree w the war or support slavery -each individual should declare independence from unjust laws -working for change through govt takes too much time and requires a person to waste his life. -hes in the world to LIVE in it not to devote all time to making it a GOOD place to live

-Thoreau -Transcendentalism references: >trip into the woods expresses idea of being one w nature >excerpt includes element of religion, is death a figment of God or the devil? ~ -went into the woods to live a simple life to learn a lesson about life ; wants to experience life before he gets old -compares railroads to routines and paths people tend to fall in and follow - not healthy bc people must branch out and find news one -left the woods bc it was only a chapter of his life and it was time to move on