ENG-320 Exam 1 – Flashcards

-seems to advertise himself -rugged rhythms -not understood -Faithful to love itself, and not a lady "Master" -"good is the life ending faithfully -Speaker is blushing shamefully -nothing he can do about it -Spotlight on Wyatt's pain

-turbulent English court of King Henry VIII - Wyatt had a cynical view of women and love, which is certainly present in his poetry. His poem, "The long love, that in my though doth harbor" describes how duty is more of noble pursuit than romantic love. This poem, however, is based on Petrarch's Rima 140, which defends Love - love is personified as a master or King. Although both poems refer to love as a master, Wyatt is interprets love as pledging to an earthly King. In Surrey's Norton version of Petrarch's Rima 140, he is not afraid to take the side of romantic love, and is more true to Petrarch's original message. According to the Norton, Petrarch mourns the loss of his lover. Allegiance to one's loved-ones seems to pale against Wyatt's pledge of honor to Henry VIII.

speaking voice, "I" of the poem "Love, who lives and reigns in my though and keeps his principal seat in my heart, sometimes comes forth all in armor into my forehead, there camps, and there sets up his banner Expectations of Convention -love -Eros - Cupid (he has you, no control) -one eye covered, powerful, Cupid knocks over Mars and beats him with an arrow -masked Cupid What do they feel? Icy fire, weak in the knees, heart goes to gut Love- "weeps and trembles"

-sweet -"clad in the arms" love reigns and live within my thought -and built his seat within my captive breast -bask in Love

-nurturing birth place -Epitaph for squire -authority avowed to accept situation How did squire die? Blaze, burn Lambeth, death place Son of X, cousin Line 7, 11 syllable- controlled then moment of pain, PROFORMA- tells emotions through the structure -28 when killed, sense of guilt -Surrey thought he was done for and gave him his will First 18 lines is an obituary- if I could do anything, I would Line 14- context between Heaven and Earth Last 2 lines- next context opens -"Timely" is negative -untimely for those of this world/ timely for Heaven to receive him Last two lines, new perspective, loss registered but it's absolute Kind of a protest and acceptance -Language and rhythm individualizes conventions.

"Cyriack, whose grandshire on the royal bench..." it would appear that Milton presents a contrary argument between the sixth and seventh lines rather than the eighth or ninth - an unusual inversion to the Petrarchan sonnet. The sonnet begins with harkening back to Cyriack's grandfather, of whom appearing to have a prominent position in establishing the law. Milton emphasizes that Cyriack's grandfather was influential enough to occupy his innermost thoughts. But upon the seventh line, Milton advises to let "Euclid rest and Archimedes pause" as if to say that contemplations of political or mathematical things be put aside. In the following lines, he seems to say that these subjects are not rooted in divine thought, and rather, humans should focus on spiritual contemplation.

we defined the sonnet as a fourteen-line poem, written in iambic pentameter. The Petrarchan Sonnet was used by Wyatt and Surrey, their poems "The long love that in my thought doth harbor..." inspired by Petrarch's own Rima 140. The Petrarchan sonnet is divided into an octave (the first eight lines) and he sestet (the last six lines). There is an expect change of thought and tone between the octave and the sestet, which is called a "volta". This epiphany takes the beginning argument or topic and makes sense of it, challenges it, or affirms the meaning.

The variation of sonnet plays with conventions first 6 lines all 1 Grandfather was a judg, noted, law books, -Cryiack had large shoes to fill -Milton does not tell him to get his nose to the grindstone -subject, resolve, "take a holiday from these things" -Euclid, and Archimedes, politics, math (bathtub, weight, Eureka physics) -suggest, goal of study is to become wise, learn to measure life-not to get an A, not master for the sake of master knowledge vs. wisdom- learning goal of study -know when it is important to study and when to take a break -measure=experience - PERSPECTIVE AND BALANCE "For other things...mild..." do not work too hard When God sends a cheerful hour -true goal wisdom not knowledge, cheerful hour, helps you not to drift from study, drench deep thoughts of mirth -long drink helps you keep work-long term vs. short-term goal

Experience of reading will fill in the gaps in three different ways: -Astrophil is not Sidney, but relation to him -Stella is not real, but a construct What is Stella really like? Only one line of dialogue One attitude between spirit/will desire/flesh -> Like Spenser Amoretti/ both are a tug of war between virtue and desire -Our job is to figure our what the person is like based on... -tone -body language -how they respond -vocab --> do we like this person? way he talks about others part of what we are seeing his editorial decision We can see intention- task we have based on words in texts What he does/says= evidence to motive -young person, tragic comedy of love and desire/ conventions of how he feels -clever, stages, dramatic, self-dramatizing Stella says "no" meaning yes, yes Jealous of bird- ingenuity cleverness, to convey being in love

1) Astrophil is corrupt, seduction, sinister not love -hopes she;ll tale pleasure in his writing, She might take some pleasure in my pain read, know, pity, grace= structure of sentence is cause and effect -goeal from begininning to bed her/ Grace Virtue= spirit, leave it Body= for me -each is a series of persuasions BUT- there are converns about being in love to start with 2) It was a process, not at first sight, by degrees, full conquest, completely under love's control (I paint my hell!) - CONSTRUCT ONE BUILDS OF A PERSON without really knowing This experience of love doesn't feel good-but he is a slave -takes him from life and goals, -tugs between first and love, Stella is a fiction, beginning of obsession, struggle under weight of it, time is a remedy, perhaps another love may help teaches by negative example -knows he loves, does not want to love, tunnel vision VIRTUE AND DESIRE BREAK APART- he has constructed that he must choose one over the other -we are to admire his energy and wit or morally corrupt and emotionally exhausted? At the end, we see this as a cautionary tale ENDS IN ISOLATION, frustration, DESPAIR Why are Stella and Astrophil separated? Astrophil and Stella can one fay be together if he doesn't pursue her Astrophil has tunnel vision- takes away reason

Chief works of Nature, Stella's eyes

Queen Virtue's court- Stella's face force that has centered his life (81- Geocentric university where she is centered)

night, day, day, night night all that there is in the Universe is Astrophil, Universe contracted, who will in fairest book on Nature show (710 this is the way beauty is supposed to lead toward virtue is the ladder of love towards the good" But ah, desire cries, give me food -PRUDENCE ALWAYS TAMES THE PASSIONS -but there is flesh =virtue- no way out except to leave the word

Desire clings to pure Love, that I can barely separate one from other, if he behaves, he'll be the king of her heart -Virtue's gold now must head my cupid's dart

Stella gives him a kiss

inspiration to write becomes growing because of the kiss -if you don't kiss me again, I'll tell everyone (Silence me by kissing me again) -stop my mouth -Stella sees kiss as UNION OF SOULS I, I, oh I

Fit to hear and ease my care, only for him no, no, no my dear let be -he thinks -seduction-assuage fear that anyone can hear us- someone can hear us - my mother might here, she thinks you write letters -there is a bed here perfect -leave to more the farce of hands-beats him away -soon with my death I will please thee- I'll kill myself she stops him (87- She's crying weeping, sending him away, when force enters picture must turn him out)

Abusive relationship -Absalom playing guitar under Alison's window -he won't go away from Stella's window, -time will change it (In absence this will die." "but time will these thought remove.") Is taming or killing desire answer? Seems a cop-out to live life without any feeling- no reason to tame self, Cardinal Bimbo, man gets confused, pity him

denial, nothing human is possible because it pulls away from what we want or humanity can lead towards God- possible to embrace things of this world

Long view vs. short vies, neoplatonic knows that there are other things in the world, but turns "Eyes are formed to serve the inward lights" God is good -reason ought to rule, but if it doesn't we must suppress "heavenly part ought to be king PHAEDRUS- charioteer, reason- horses soul and body True and yet true that I must Stella loose -tell that good God make church and church man serve Cupid, effect perspective make churchman deed, virtue not there, slow process I know that this is idolatrous, my training, has taught we such self- chosen snare desire, opposite of virtue, struggle BREAK APART AND CHOOSE DESIRE "Pilgrims made" journey of human life Whether or not his fault or Cupid's fault? Am I really a slave? I want to be a student! I have skills and wisdom/virtue "Desire makes us traitors to ourselves." -Shakespeare -May argue this inwardly, pulls against everything I know

"Unable to quite pay even Nature's rent" -gap between what he knows and believe should be and what Stella evokes -Prodigal Son- wasting resources "I see my course to lose myself doth bend.." loose myself but doesn't care

Sonnet of the moon -I can tell Moon because that's the way I feel - does she even know I'm alive- do they call virtue there ungratefulness Begins to hope ends in despair, required to see Stella as a person!

Stella and love has the potential to bend DESIRE to GOOD. Inward sun, move minds Desire cries "GIVE ME SOME FOOD" pull and tug of flesh We exclude a part of who we are as human beings if we get rid of lust -he does not make virtue and love reconsilable -he discounts marriage Wrestling with something in his life he didn't know existed Only thing important ans Heaven? Regard Earth as full of puss and worms -love and be loved, see in him, come closer to God -love is a complex BALANCE

Pity a tale of me- fictional

But let her go- self awareness of what's happening, power of temptation and desire Virtue and desire can't be friends, makes traitors to ourselves, cure for crush is time, can we control heartbreak -pains, kinds of Hell -has choices to get out, though

No reason to read Plato if you aren't going to follow Friends- you are better than this -you have promise and talent If you waste your time doing this what HARVEST will you have, is this world so fair what Stella is Stella anatomy of pains of love affair from male perspective

definition of virtue is part of Astrophil's struggle Love and desire vs. Reason opposite -very human struggle/ long and short view young man's struggle and turmoil Knows virtue outside world knows he's distracted by it a) What's happening b) how does it relate to struggle Astrophil struggles in grip of love -love inflicted by outside source or within Moment to moment, we don't want to think of something Stella indicates possibility of long-term relationship What can we make of him? dislike him as we go on VIRTUE- Seems to be desire without self-interest LOVE- seems to be synonymous with LUST Knows he is caught, sunk, outside of experience Phaedrus, Plato, inward light, passions, spirit, will, horse, soul, psyche -still need desire for chariot to make toward the good-not good when only attracts desires of flesh We aren't talking saints, day to day experience to be trapped in this turmoil -really in control, all part of possession

responds to each of Marlowe's seductions even reasonable Ralegh suggests that the idealization is still attractive -the dream gives us a goal to strive for and wish for Connect with Spenser with pastoral- the passionate Shepard to his love... -clearly a seduction poem "to live with thee and be they love"

Less of a struggle, struggle already happened Focus on beloved rather than self Marriage is still business arrangement among families -Spenser however, does make into courtship Spenser thinks about what marriage is, what bride has to give up -self sufficiency not a factor -your future is not in your own hands Looking at a long view of life continued post wedding day - effect is very different

"When if ye please I care for other none" does this mean he doesn't care for anyone but her?

She is no women, but a senseless stone... frustration that love is at her feet Stella says very little in the poem Spenser is also describing scenes of moving and pleasing

seperated

kiss, Astrophil wants more, but Spenser praises his beloved "Blason"- focus on not what gained, but beauty of the beloved moment by moment, yes, but isn't always virtuous

I am not ready to commit, lost my liberty, my equally, idealize notion of love, what argument is he making, some long-term commitment, captivity will lead my to great joy, what does he offer in return to assuage dears -he'll be faithful too! -captivity is ideal conditions for marriage -analogy of bird in captivity

Chasing her like a hunter and the beloved prey and she is weary, hunter is panting, too "gentle deare" deer -she is winning not convinced by idealized picture -she then comes to him/human sitting on one side almost ready to abandon the hunt (complicated dance) -deer makes the decision "so goodly wonne with her own will beguiled" -there has to be yeilder and a pursuer w/o mutual commitment, this kind of relationship cannot happen What are you given up when you make a commitment Shakespeare- uses couples think with/ that ideal in real-life -companion marriage, love, honor, obey

Easter-time suggests bring back to life as a result of a commitment, can be contained in a love for God -human love can lead towards understanding of God SIMPLE but NOT SIMPLISTIC

Time is a problem Shakespeare too -One day I wrote her name but was washed away -death itself gives us a kind of barrier which no human try to defeat How do you gain immortality? Leave something behind Spenser agrees -Shakespeare says children This woman still celebrated after death "Our life shall live and later life renew"

Christian Neoplatonism - how is be handling things differently -praises her eternal force Celebrating BEAUTY BUT ALSO SOMETHING WHICH LEADS HIM TOWARD GOD -sense which he does not give her immortality Long and short view can be compatible Phaedrus -when does soul obtain truth - the philosopher

"Come live with me and be my love" "And I will make thee beds of roses" (but love and nature dies...) - Ralegh

What kind of protection is being described to protect the couple from outside forces. -discord a part of life -sweet peace to save each other's wound -even though not equal fulled with mutually, pride, fear, hurt Spenser says 2 people can lead each other to Heaven Wilbur- Augustine "Love calls us to things of this world" (BB) Laundry blowing wind seems to be angels without bodies -impulse to be free of body -clean linen for the backs of thieves Desire you know is not worthy of you Choosing life of the saint distancing self from all human joy? -Spenser finds balance, people modeled selves on these sonnet, but how do we get a rounded picture? Go now and do not likewise?

Ren literature is diverse, times ravages will be -obsessed with time -what lasts, how to spend out time -is there any stay against death? long home rather than short-term affairs Snapshots that are not going to lead us to realistic picture- ways in which Shakespeare picks up the tradition Shakespeare vs. Petrachan sonnet 3quatrains and couplet -they don't form a realistic picture 1-3 addressed to the beloved 3 addressed to young man, speaker old man There are ways to stave time -beget children -live back to your past Life may always seem exactly as it is now

Despite wrinkles this thy golden time, but if thou live remembered not be, die single and thine image dies with thee -time passing so quickly -why buy a sports car, capturing youth - older man trying to convey to a younger man what this passage is like -brought closely to death "time I have wasted, time wastes me" -death a determinant fate -what will last against passage of life/ what thwarts it- dreams that we have desires we have dates

Like as wave makes towards the pebbled shore, so do our minutes hasten to their end -have children to remember youth

save breed to brave him him when he takes thee hence

Shall I compare thee to a Summer's Day "thy eternal summer shall not fade" One can live and one can thrive- poetry -so long as men can breathe or eyes can see, so long lives this and gives life to thee

Words more permanent than infrastructure - so long as men... but you shall shine more bright in theses content than unswept stone, sluttish time

That in black ink my love may still shine bright

4- sequent toil, our minutes hasten to their end, trying to get anyway leads to frustrationg Nativity main of life, whole life cycle, why do children want to grow up to have power, time passes slowly or a child -when maturity is crowned, it is too much responsibility -crooked eclipses, adversities, questions, learn answers they change the questions Time does what to youth "confound" delves the parallels of the brow -wrinkles To someone who was not paying attention to aging So minutes hasten to their end

Shall times best jewel from time chest lay hid -beauty has no say against decay "this action is no stranger to a flower"

Speaker's attitude different than his other confident claims conveying to someone who doesn't know what its like to be old Analogies from everyday life "when yellow leaves..." Autumn, experience of aging, human heart and grief sparse hair "boughs" Death, forshadow of dying of night life" in me thou seest the glowing of such fire, ashes of youth" Last quatrain dying coals of fire, not flaming cherish what you have CONSTANT AWARENESS OF SHORTNESS

Farewell wants to say goodbye from here, uses business language to separate himself emotionally from her, releasing This may still net he young man, you gave yourself to me, but then you pulled away why? dark lady told him to pull back TOO DEAR FOR MY POSSESSING - you want the other person to want to be with you, but that's not in your control As sonnet goes on, a mind that is trying to convince itself

Love does not seek to change the individual, happens naturally. Possible to articulate great ideal- love is not love which alters when its alternation finds

ours ideal of love which we desire intensely

Talks about poetic death, do not mourn rotting, that is ridiculous -if the poet dies, the young man has a long life to still live -there is pity there, too -assumes the whole world is mocking him -and mock you with me after I am gone -the speaker willing to accept his full mortality

Takes 71 back, talks about his own mortality, something that lives in beloveds mortality makes him remember

Is consistent, inconsistencies, his words are not as good as others -gives himself a class of illiteracy -always element of self-doubt -someone look pitiless

And sonnets that follow leasing and releasing, why people stay in destructive relationships.

How are we to take this play? We know its a comedy, but its more than that. The Comedies and Tragedies differ- not homosocial- discovering a different sort of love Lunatic, lover, poet- all man/ seen Helen's brow Things aren't really this way, how silly Are we worried about the characters or are we following them? The gossip was all the he was courting? Does Orsino even love Olivia or is he like Astrophil? -self-correcting quality -is going to a play to proceed - do we despise Orsino? Cesario tries to distract them by hunting Orsino has a limited idea of how women love- Viola can teach him Olivia need to learn Responses to calamities in the world -Valentine" how had Olivia responded to death vs. Viola- vows to cloister self for several years Orsino can't spare much sympathy for such feelings, just wants her to love -sir Toby belch thinks Olivia is ridiculous, hes a noble duke of nature and name, Olivia will hold him virtuous -has potential, he's educational according to Viola Viola has seen Orsino in intimate moments- secret book of souls, INTENSE RELATIONSHIPS- are between those of equal mind - FRIENDS -he trusts her disguised as a boy Obsessed with Olivia and all the cliches and experience of being in love This DISGUISE helps her get closer in friendship- potential tragedy 12th Day of Christmas- Epiphany- all the air of a long party The fool- Olivia has no folly besides foolishness- fixate on loss- Viola be faced with same situation, but has hope Teaches Orsino to love more profoundly -teaches Olivia to be open Options- shipwrecked, no protectors -cannot serve Olivia because she won't accept anyone, but she can sing perform if she goes to court (Feste) -doesn't turn up where expected -fool allowed to say things others can't Love between friends, a meeting of minds As we learn to love, someone who is close to us, learn to care through same gender - wife, children, part of self Orsino has not experienced a bes friend- Viola introduces him- Self giving- SEBASTIAN AND ANTONIO Expand what love can be (no homo) Men and women should be friends first

Duke Orsino loves Lady Olivia. But Lady Olivia is in mourning for her brother, so doesn't want anything to do with Orsino. Viola is shipwrecked and is washed ashore to Illyria. She thinks her brother has been drowned. Viola finds out about Duke Orsino and decides to disguise herself as a man to get a job. When Viola meets Duke Orsino, she falls in love with him, but can do nothing as she doesn't want to give away her disguise. We meet Sir Toby Belch (Olivia's uncle), Maria (Olivia's maid) and Andrew Aguecheek (Belch's 'friend' who is in love with Olivia). Sir Toby Belch uses Aguecheek for money. In her disguise Viola calls herself Cesario. Her first job is to deliver a message to Olivia for Duke Orsino. Olivia isn't interested in the message, but is interested in Cesario.

We learn that Sebastian (Viola's identical twin) has been rescued from the sea by Antonio. Lady Olivia sends a ring to Cesario. Cesario (Viola) realises what a mess she is in. Sir Toby and Sir Andrew are drinking. Maria interrupts them, telling them to quieten down. Malvolio suddenly appears and tells them all (including Maria) off sternly. Maria suggests revenge by writing a letter to Malvolio in handwriting similar to Olivia's, suggesting that Olivia loves him. Malvolio finds the letter and totally overreacts - he is delighted!

Viola has shown Orsino that women can love (civilizes him) Feste to Orsino- your mind is cracked like an opal She needs to balance the folly and foolishness Viola: Suppose she cannot love you Orsino: She will! -tries to give advice "make no compare between that a love a women can bear me, And that I owe Olivia" "But died my sister by love" Viola- has something to teach him - has makings of a tragedy since one can day of love If you don't have a little folly in you won't understand the play Orsino's love is not wrong, just misguided Feste: festivity, master of revels, licensed fool, speak truth to power, tread close to the edge, the Fool and Viola move between courts, manage through wit to get people to think We need to proceed in madness Malvolio- no opportunity for joy, too reasonable - shut down opportunity for festivity, Toby Belch exploits Sir Andrew, con out of fortune Malvolio- threatens anyone who doesn't fit his sense of decorum (it is not time to play) "Rats Bane of the Christian Commenwealth" plays are a threat to society. - Plato bans fiction-too much emotion How do you save the good in a theatrical world- both silly and profound THIS PLAY SHOWS US HOW TO BRING THINGS TO BALANCE

Cesario (Viola) carries another message to Lady Olivia from Duke Orsino. Olivia openly speaks of her love for Cesario. Sir Andrew, thinking Cesario is a rival, is jealous. Sir Toby persuades Sir Andrew to challenge Cesario to a duel. Malvolio appears, dressed and acting using the instructions in the 'love letter'. Lady Olivia finds his behaviour very strange, and thinks he is mad. Cesario (Viola) is challenged to a duel by Sir Andrew. Antonio rescues Cesario (Viola) thinking she is really Sebastian. When Antonio calls Viola 'Sebastian', Viola is given hope that her brother may be alive.

Tug of war- Toby and Andrew with Malvolio professional ill-willer, no balance Marriage- as their own positions are threatened, Fabian and the fool throw into the bargain Maria says Toby should be more orderly, Plot against Killjoy, no frivolity, Going to prank him Malvolio is the man you love to hate- Toby admits that this prank is actually empowering him, "I'll have my revenge on the pack of you!" -by the end the play, it's almost tipped over, BUT THEN LIFE IS WORTH LIVING Seem to bring hope of future- silly but enjoy it Orsino- give my excess, BUT THERE MUST BE A BALANCED WAY TO CONFRONT PROBLEMS, do not despair! Olivia disproportionate response to loss, never been tempted - odd for Sebastian to say okay to her, but love at first sight possible here, TIME IS OUT FRIEND THIS TIME, the solutions willing to accept make this mature Possibility of festivity and joy if we take advantage of opportunities Disaster Epicurean--> useless, Malvolio End of a long party, sober to reality -WITHOUT IMAGINATIVE VISION WE LOSE SOMETHING PRECIOUS Confusing virtue with lack of opportunity- I see through art an evil, poor lady she better of a dream- time must resolve (Viola) SOLUTIONS MUST MAGICALLY BE AVAILABLE

Sir Andrew sees Sebastian. He thinks Sebastian is Cesario! Sir Andrew attacks Sebastian. Sir Andrew is very surprised when he finds Sebastian beating him. He was expecting Cesario's weakness, not Sebastian's strength. Sir Toby steps into the fight, and draws his sword against Sebastian. Olivia enters and thinks Sir Toby is fighting with Cesario. Olivia banishes Sir Toby from her sight. Sebastian sees Lady Olivia for the first time, and is instantly attracted. Lady Olivia just thinks she is talking to Cesario. Olivia persuades Sebastian that he should marry her at once, and fetches a priest to carry out the ceremony. Olivia thinks it is Cesario. Malvolio has been imprisoned by Sir Toby and friends. Feste tricks Malvolio into talking about 'madness'. Sir Toby is worried he has offended Lady Olivia (his niece) so tells Feste to end the joke. Malvolio is given a pen and paper to write to Olivia and explain his behaviour.

Comedy makes us aware of all improbably things they are just like well...it is but it is not something important about human beings to not be straight forward Cesario and Orsino can get to know each other, friendship and love, Ways in which human hearts can find one another Whoever loved that had not loved at first sight, attraction that can grow into love, loss of opportunity if not seized Antonio is still not given peace, his devotion to Sebastian shall not be fulfilled, "You have fallen in love with both maid and man -Malvolio key to property in cabinet, Shakespeare;s stories end in weddings, but this is s deferred wedding THINGS NEED TO BE BROUGHT BACK INTO PROPORTION- envisioning, when appropriate to be sober Men and women have more in common than differences when you fall in love, you get to know more about yourself The comic Universe of this play -it's not that we don't have the potential for tragedy -Malvolio captured makes him both judge and plaintiff

Duke Orsino decides to talk to Lady Olivia in person. Cesario is accused of breaking the marriage appointment with Olivia, accused of beating Sir Andrew and Sir Toby, and accused of failing to gain Olivia's love for Duke Orsino. Sebastian arrives, and the confusion starts to be explained. Duke Orsino, when he understands Cesario is really Viola in disguise, declares his love. Orsino proposes to Viola. Malvolio's explanation is read, and the trick of the fake letter is revealed. The play ends with a song from Feste. Only Malvolio is left upset and angry.

Going to a play is like being in love- a little profound, the rain it raineth every day "If we shadows have offended, you ave slumbered here" puck says to audience if this play has offended you, you have all participates, and you will wake up The song that ends 12th Night is more pointed, time and a place for being foolish could never strive Time is kind- SOLUTIONS MADE AVAILABLE IN COMEDY IN Shakespeare's tragedy, two different attitudes toward the same world, Problems, comedy, in spite of everything, life is worth living What i the universe contains a malevolent figure who uses us for sport? TRAGEDY IS DISSATISFIED WITH SOLUTIONS, COMEDY WISH TO ACCEPT IT - if we long for a good life, we have to provide it- render what the world is like Robert Penwara- spider web analogy AND THEY LIVE HAPPILY EVER AFTER not point, life worth living, but not the WHOLE Patience- patio or (pati) passus sum - active verb, active virtue

King Lear is an elderly monarch, tired of carrying the burden of his kingdom and his royal responsibilities, and desiring a more peaceful life in his old age. He decides to abdicate and to divide the realm between his three daughters; Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. In order to ascertain who will be given which areas of land, Lear conceives a "love-test" for which each daughter must convince their father that they love him the most out of his three children. Goneril and Regan are greedy and false, so they win their portions of the kingdom by flattering Lear. The king expects his favourite daughter, Cordelia, to win the challenge and thus claim the greatest third of the realm. However, Cordelia refuses to participate in the "love-test" because she realises how essentially shallow the contest actually is. Lear's pride is wounded and he furiously banishes Cordelia from the land, announcing that the kingdom will now only be divided in half between Goneril and Regan. One of Cordelia's suitors, the Duke of Burgundy, politely explains that he does not want to marry her if she has no wealth - however, the King of France agrees to take her as his wife and leads her away. Cordelia is defended by Kent, a loyal servant of the king, who criticises his master's actions. For his efforts, Kent is also exiled. Goneril and Regan observe their father's behaviour as not being uncommon, for even in his prime he was rash and foolish. Elsewhere in the royal court, the illegitimate son of the Duke of Gloucester is also plotting against his father. Gloucester has two sons, Edgar and Edmund. The latter is illegitimate and therefore the two young men are not given equal amounts of property by their father. Edmund feels that this is very unfair, so he deceives his father into thinking that Edgar is trying to kill him. Gloucester is alarmed; he disinherits Edgar who flees from the court. Determined to hunt him down, his father proclaims him a tyrant and sends soldiers to search the countryside and guard the ports. Edgar fears for his life and goes into hiding on the heath, disguised as a mad beggar named 'Poor Tom'. Lear is confronted by Goneril and Regan, who insist that he should reduce the number of servants who accompany him. Lear is outraged, and sees this as an attack on his dignity and authority. The insult is made worse when one of his servants is put into the stocks as a punishment. Lear becomes hysterical with rage and rushes out onto the heath in the middle of a violent storm, ranting and raving in madness. Kent joins Lear and 'Poor Tom' (Edgar in disguise) on the heath. Gloucester also attempts to help the king but incurs the wrath of Goneril and Regan, who pluck out his eyes in revenge. The blinded Gloucester is cast out onto the heath, where he encounters 'Poor Tom'. Gloucester has realised the mistake he made when he banished Edgar; in his desperate grief, he attempts suicide. However, he is saved by Edgar, who then reveals his identity and forgives his father. Gloucester is so overwhelmed by joy and remorse that he dies.

A family gathering for the farewell of my daughter it is also a public gathering her response to her sisters is a public problem her response brings no comfort to Lear or respect He wanted to benefit the whole as well as himself. She wants to keep things private but her rejection is public For Cordelia, love is a web for her sisters its a noun It causes embarrassment and problems, she's telling hims something true,but she also can't give I love you according to my bonnet could she not say something to suit the occasion? Stubborn Lear acts with anger and hurt, he expects loyalty -no one has ever told him no -proceeds, suffers, and from his suffering he learns the meaning of kindness, humility, Glouster learns to see -Shakespeare sets these plays to a Christian time -Edmund and Cordelia learn forgiveness, Edgar learns that not everyone is as honest as he, Edmund and older sisters animalistic

The rain it raineth every day, fool in 12th Night says the same thing as the fool in Lear, we are slow learners, we want to be treated with respect, we being mad if that respect is not kept, Goneril and Regan say things that are out of order, permission to unruly to father Once's sense of humanity, society of mutual obligation and duties Ceremonial treatment important, give him a sense of who he is -expectations of those we love are UNWRITTEN, UNEXAMINED. UNTIL BROKEN Edmund's duties to his father and brother are only in terms of what will allow him to rise about them Assumptions we make Understood when we've been wrong Leer, (80 years old) given to his daughters, expect honor, sometimes hard to respect someone who is misbehaving Kent - "Royal Lear" patron, binds and defend his duties to Lear he sees Lears possibilities and Viola sees Orsino's -We all want to be respected and ACKNOWLEDGED -Lear wants to be respected as a king (surrogate for the almighty) working relationship- obeyed- Lear born as God's anointed, special duties and honor Only asked to retain what he values as a person, those who have respect for him are 100 servants- SOLE RESERVATION, but the power he gave away Behavior they respect/ expect of you - talk back because Lear is being silly AS A PARENT YOU EXPECT GRATITUDE IF NOTHING ELSE 0Lear is an object, a child, old Why are Goneril and Regan still wanting more? Why does Lear matter? Who can tell me who I am? "You don't need trappings" "REASON NOT THE NEED!" man's life is as cheap as beasts, your stuff, suddenly told you couldn't go home, angry because there is fault on both sides -Lear admits mistake of act one, -let us leave him in the storm, need to learn lesson "old man" Cordelia offers forgiveness, so unexpected, but simple human kindness, refuse Gloucester the opportunity to be human and help him Cornwell -"He'll learn!" Can't believe anyone can have problems not related to the ingratitude of daughters.

Doesn't understand in Act 3 that there are others that can feel dear Kent takes servant role (risk at 41 years old) has to offend King first, it is his duty What is natural becomes human kindness, fellow human can feel pain and fear, gives life meaning, divide in two don't want to get run over, get out of the way, prevent Gloucester from getting his eyes gouged out YOU DON'T WASTE GOOD Kent sees in Lear a sense of forgiveness when he doesn't deserve it, I'm capable of anything a normal man is capable of -Kent Human beings are kind to other human beings ESPECIALLY when they don't deserve. When someone treats you with respect you being to weep, only thing that matters, are silent, for first time in his life,someone tells him no Only a servant will speak out for Gloucester That goodness means that there is some justice in the universe At what cost has it taken for Lear and Gloucester to learn lessons - TRAGEDY- cries to cosmos with no answer, people love at end of play are responsible for carrying on, sense of diminish.

What happens to fool, fool is a replacement child, there when Lear needs him but gone wen Cordelia comes, Edgar and Cordelia try to do night by their parents Shakespeare refuses to over-simplify Even Edmund isn't all evil Cordelia becomes idealized other worldly, but no gods -all we learn is a bit of humanity, but these lessons are incredibly costly, Lear's daughters die All this play can do is as "what if there is no order The resolution isn't in answers, but in our responses We cannot answer what in nature makes these hard hears, The hopes are broken, one endures, it is not the worse so long as we can say it is the worse -tragedy leaves us shocked and madden when do we take theses questions? We become aware of the food that exists in this world it is humanity kindness isn't both worlds that makes life living The fool turns knave, human wisdom and folly if we want good, we must be good speak what we feel, not what we ought to say relationships between humans made life worth living Lear never fully comes out of his elicitation but he does become more sensitive to other human suffering in the storm he makes a distinction Lear experiences the fall wrath of nature, Calls for justice, sees himself as a victim and a man, when he sees the fool fear and poor Tom, he realizes he cannot control the weather, man is nothing but nothing but a naked animal ,he desires to bring justice to the poor he tries to see the cause of the storm THE INGRATITUDE OF DAUGHTERS, he can't get past this, but he can finally see other humans -still fixed on being king clearly mad, in his madness he speaks truth, reason the double standard

LEAR FINALLY UNDERSTANDS HE IS WEAK AND NEEDS FORGIVENESS He acknowledges Cordelia's first response as conceit The rest of the world moves on after everything is natural away. The miracle is that forgiveness was there at all. We are the ones who supply the hope after the play has left everything bleak.

Less sensual, emotional state. First 8 lines are a church sermon. God the Father, Jesus comes from the Father. The Spirit moving with in them, His poem is of the mind. it is though and not seeing. It is like the Credo. at the last 6 lines, it dares to talk about the response to the Trinity. This is not an engraving of the heart, but of the mind "Great God, within whose simple essence we..." Jesus and Spirit come from the Father (As lovers' sighs which meet become one wind), This is the most sensual part Eternal Father- this is now my father my father have- Jesus loves me in my mind engrave- not hear, you have to know it will happen And heavenly knowledge That it thy son's true Image may become - God drives it and humans must reciprocate And cense my heart- Incense, cleansing the alter. Child-like faith, not like Jonson

I have come, you may think, to the verge of saying that comedy is greater than tragedy. On the verge I stand and go no further. Tragedy's experience hammers against the mystery to make a breach which would admit the whole triumphant answer. Intuition has no such potential. But there are times in the state of man when comedy has a special worth, and the present is one of them: a time when the loudest faith has been faith in a trampling materialism, when literature has been thought unrealistic which did not mark and remark our poverty and doom. Joy (of a kind) has been all on the devil's side, and one of the necessities of our time is to redeem it. If not, we are in poor sort to meet the circumstances, the circumstances being the contention of death with life, which is to say evil with good, which is to say desolation with delight. Laughter may only seem to be like an exhalation of air, but out of that air we came; in the beginning we inhaled it; it is a truth, not a fantasy, a truth voluble of good which comedy stoutly maintains. If I had to draw a picture of the person of Comedy, it is so I should like to draw it: the tears of laughter running down the face, one hand still lying on the tragic page which so nearly contained the answer, the lips about to frame the great revelation only to find it had gone as disconcertingly as a chair twitched away when we want to sit down. Comedy is an escape, not from truth but from despair: a narrow escape into faith. It believes in a universal cause for delight, even though knowledge of the cause is always twitched away from under us, which leaves us to rest on our own buoyancy. In tragedy every moment is eternity; in comedy eternity is a moment. In tragedy we suffer pain; in comedy pain is a fool, suffered gladly.

small Latin less Greek James the 1st of England, very different from Elizabethan Jonson wrote satire, wintery person 1642- Parliament closed all theaters, closet drama 1660 reopened, women on stage Early 17th century, restoration -contrast Jonson and Shakespearean imagery Jonson coined "metaphysical" as an insult wintery sensibility, a moralist, "Of vice and virtue, wherein all great life, Almost, is exercises; and scarce one knows To which ye of the sides himself he owes. They follow virtue for reward today, Tomorrow vice, if she gives better pay" Holding to upright principles from day to day. A centered self, balanced. Keep principles stable and unchanging. Even the jealous are his goodness

"Those to turn to blood and make thine own" "And perfect in a circle always meet" About a tour of Europe, how to travel, select from all you see what is the best and make it your own, Don't be too broad and lose yourself in everything, be balanced A compass, he centers self in perfect circle, a heroic epic journey (Aeneas) It takes work to remain sold in one's self

Naming- names, make or break people's reputation, suggest the person named does something to make the relationship between the two relational play looks to human folly, as a strict moralist honest man a french idea, a rascal, good at parties, Jonson describes how wit will destroy itself, but not without destroying others An issue of warning "anarchy of drink" disorder, dangerous to the state it not even a pronoun "it lays on him" a danger to others because they believe his acting "wit vs. wisdom" - draw a line between definition and description. The honest man lacks the center it is moving so no solid definition, just a description surface tings not essence, what something does vs. what it is when Adam named animals, he said something about essence, here Jonson gives no nature He is always changing- vice

how much struggle Jonson has on giving boy up - Benjamin died as at age of seven, a sense of protest, he forgot the child was loan, but it is also the just day God's timing Requiem lament- struggling between sadness and acceptance, It's time that he's in a better place, but that place forgets the loss those behind experiences, use relationship is gone. Struggle to believe what his faith tell him and what he feels, rest in soft peace here lies his best piece of poetry the best thing he had ever made, the last two lines, his sin was loving his son too much he's saying that he'll never love that way again. I don't want to get hurt. A similar heart to having a beloved. There is something so painful about the loss, we may never get another. in this we see that Jonson has feelings and emotions

The Speaker is in the dark cold night alone we know this is not a realistic vision. The first thing he experiences is the sensual feeling of heat he looks up with fear, he expects not physical, he expects something to be feared. but was something suffering and saving. It is a shocking sight. We are given a riddle tears that flesh to flames. His response is to remember its Christian day, Not an intentional response. tells a whole theology. Though he is never touched by the babe physically, he is touched spiritually. The babe appears to the humans because the won't come to him. The child is also in isolation. Love is what leans and reaches him. What the crucifix and the birth costs and gain of this love is painful. What kind of love is it? There is suffering for bot the babe and those who warn their hearts. The justice and mercy lay on this flame, to refine souls. Transforming, personifying the. This love is the only way. A promise most extreme cost and purpose then at needs a cooling, so the child must melt. The child is on fire with suffering, but with zeal. The babe vanishes and he responds immediately at places the story in context. The night is now over. The speaker had a personal relationship and adds to the theological state through the calendar

Helena: We, Hermia, like two artificial gods, Have with our needles created both one flower, Both on one sampler, sitting on one cushion, Both warbling of one song, both in one key, As if our hands, our sides, voices, and minds Had been incorporate. So we grew together, Like to a double cherry, seeming parted, But yet an union in partition, Two lovely berries moulded on one stem; So with two seeming bodies, but one heart, On betray of friendship - Hermia and Lysander

Wit, like all other things subject by their nature to the choice of man, has its changes and its fashions, and at different times takes different forms. About the beginning of the seventeenth century appeared a race of writers that may be termed the metaphysical poets*.... The metaphysical poets were men of learning, and to show their learning was their whole endeavor; but, unluckily resolving to show it in rhyme, instead of writing poetry they only wrote verses, and very often such verses as stood the trial of the finger better than of the ear; for the modulation was so imperfect that they were only found to be verses by counting the syllables.... Those, however, who deny them to be poets allow them to be wits. Dryden confesses of himself and his contemporaries that they fall below Donne in wit, but maintains that they surpass him in poetry.