question

Sugar and oxygen O2 are produced in photosynthesis.

answer

True

question

Sugar and oxygen O2 are produced in respiration.

answer

False

question

Energy is required for respiration.

answer

False

question

The Earth does not have a magnetic field and is therefore unprotected from solar particle radiation.

answer

False

question

The major element comprising the solid inner core of the Earth is uranium.

answer

False

question

The circumference of the Earth is approximately 40,000 km.

answer

True

question

The Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old.

answer

True

question

Located from ground level to about 10 km and temperature decreases with altitude.

answer

Troposphere

question

Located from about 50 to 80 km and temperature decreases with altitude.

answer

Mesosphere

question

Atmospheric layer where weather primarily occurs.

answer

Troposphere

question

A correct ordering of the electromagnetic spectrum from highest to lowest energy is: ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio waves X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible gamma rays, ultraviolet, radio waves, infrared gamma rays, visible, radio waves, infrared gamma rays, ultraviolet, radio waves, visible

answer

ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio waves

question

Light with a wavelength of 280 nm is in the infrared region.

answer

False

question

Light with a wavelength of 400 nm has the color of violet.

answer

True

question

The shortest wavelength of UVB light is 280 nm.

answer

True

question

A correct ranking of gases from those that contribute the most to the greenhouse effect down to the least is: CO2, H2O, N2 CH4, H2O, N2 CO2, H2O, CH4 H2O, CH4, N2 CH4, H2O, CO2

answer

H2O, CH4, N2

question

Power output of a large windmill. A: 100 W B: 10 kW C: 1 MW D: 1 GW E: 15 TW F: 100,000 TW

answer

1 MW

question

Power consumption per capita in the U.S. A: 100 W B: 10 kW C: 1 MW D: 1 GW E: 15 TW F: 100,000 TW

answer

10 kW

question

Power consumption of a person to survive ("caveman"). A: 100 W B: 10 kW C: 1 MW D: 1 GW E: 15 TW F: 100,000 TW

answer

100 W

question

kilowatt x hour (kWh) (costs about $0.10)

answer

Unit of Energy

question

kilojoule (kJ)

answer

Unit of Energy

question

watt (W)

answer

Unit of Power

question

If a ball's speed increases from 8 m/s to 32 m/s, then its kinetic energy is how many times larger? 64 times larger 4 times larger 32 times larger 16 times larger 8 times larger

answer

16 times larger

question

If a 2000-kg vehicle travels at 30 m/s (or approximately 66 mph), then find its kinetic energy in kilojoules (kJ).

answer

900 Kj

question

The electrons in a circuit move from the negative to the positive battery terminal.

answer

True

question

A standard alkaline battery (AAA, AA, C, D) has a voltage of 3 V.

answer

False

question

In a light bulb circuit, when the battery voltage is increased the bulb brightness increases.

answer

True

question

In a coal-fired power plant, the approximate percentage of original energy in the coal lost to heat is 10%.

answer

False

question

The molecules in hot air move at the same speed as in cold air, but there are more molecules so they feel hotter.

answer

False

question

In a coal-fired power plant, the types of energy from start-to-finish are: chemical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical.

answer

True

question

When hot air rises to higher altitudes.

answer

Convection

question

When hot air comes from the floor vents in the winter and warms up a room.

answer

Convection

question

When your skin is warmed while standing in direct sunshine.

answer

Radiation

question

The water phase with the smallest temperature increase when adding 10 kcal of heat is liquid water.

answer

True

question

The energy required to evaporate 1 kg of liquid water equals the energy released when 1 kg of water vapor condenses into liquid.

answer

True

question

A water molecule is polar with a negative oxygen end and a positive hydrogen end.

answer

True

question

How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 5 kg of water vapor by 20 C?

answer

50 kcal

question

How much heat is required to evaporate 5 kg of liquid water at 100 C?

answer

2700 kcal

question

How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 5 kg of liquid water by 20 C?

answer

100 kcal

question

A sample of water vapor at 125 C is cooled to 75 C. Which of the following statements is true regarding this process? --The correct order of steps is: cooling of water vapor, condensation of water vapor, and then cooling of liquid water. --The condensation of water vapor has neither the highest nor lowest energy change. --The cooling of water vapor has the highest energy change. --The cooling of liquid water has the highest energy change. --The cooling of water vapor has neither the highest nor lowest energy change.

answer

The correct order of steps is: cooling of water vapor, condensation of water vapor, and then cooling of liquid water.

question

Calculate the efficiency of an engine in a power plant operating between 35 ° C and 300 ° C. Remember that the efficiency is a decimal number less than 1. low +273 / high+273 then 1 - ans = efficiency

answer

0.46

question

If the engine with the efficiency calculated above extracted a total energy of 800 MJ from fuel, then how many MJ of energy could be used as useful mechanical energy to operate the engine? 370. MJ mechanical energy total energy * efficiency = mechanical energy

answer

370 MJ mechanical energy

question

A correct ranking of fuels from highest to lowest energy content is: coal, natural gas, gasoline natural gas, gasoline, ethanol coal, natural gas, ethanol coal, ethanol, gasoline gasoline, coal, natural gas

answer

natural gas, gasoline, ethanol

question

Coal contains impurities such as sulfur and radioactive uranium.

answer

True

question

As the percentage of carbon in coal increases, its energy content decreases.

answer

False

question

Coal takes a few hundred years to form.

answer

False

question

Oil from oil sand deposits can be directly pumped from wells drilled into the deposits.

answer

False

question

Oil sands contain sand, water, and light crude oil.

answer

False

question

The viscosity of bitumen is similar to the viscosity of light crude oil.

answer

False

question

If the pH of a sample increases from 3 to 6, then the acid concentration decreases by a factor of: =10^difference

answer

1000

question

If the pH of a sample decreases from 6 to 1, then the acid concentration increases by a factor of: =10^difference

answer

100000

question

A correct ordering from lowest to highest pH is: coffee, blood, milk, soap soda pop, coffee, blood, milk soda pop, coffee, blood, soap soda pop, coffee, soap, blood soda pop, blood, coffee, soap

answer

soda pop, coffee, blood, soap

question

The largest source of nitrogen oxide pollution is electric power plants.

answer

False

question

Most sulfur oxides formed during combustion come from sulfur in the fuel.

answer

True

question

A car's catalytic converter removes nitrogen oxide pollution and is most efficient at room temperature.

answer

False

question

In Los Angeles, ozone levels peak in the early morning.

answer

False

question

Ozone is non-reactive but toxic.

answer

False

question

Ozone is a molecule with three oxygen atoms.

answer

True

question

PM-10 is made of toxic organic molecules, sulfates, and/or metals.

answer

False

question

PM-10 travels further in the air than PM-2.5.

answer

False

question

There are from 20,000 to 50,000 deaths/yr in the U.S. due to PM pollution.

answer

True

question

PM-2.5 and PM-10 are not visible to the unaided eye.

answer

True

question

Which greenhouse gas is produced by bacteria in soil and water using nitrogen-rich fertilizer?

answer

N2O

question

Which greenhouse gas has had the largest concentration increase over the last 100 years?

answer

CO2

question

Which gas is more effective per unit weight as a greenhouse gas than CO2 but less effective than N2O?

answer

CH4

question

Global CO2 concentrations have increased by approximately 10 ppm from the year 1800 to today.

answer

False

question

Global annual CO2 emissions have increased by approximately 3 Gt from the year 1800 to today.

answer

False

question

The change in CO2 concentration during each of the last several glacial cycles was approximately 100 ppm.

answer

True

question

The CO2 concentration today is almost 400 ppm and is increasing at 15 to 20 ppm per decade.

answer

True

question

The percentage of total energy worldwide from biofuels is less than 1%.

answer

True

question

For every kg of CO2 produced, octane produces less energy (MJ/kg fuel) than ethanol.

answer

False

question

The two most common biofuels are biodiesel and ethanol.

answer

True

question

The steps for bioethanol production are: cellulose production, sugar production, and then fermentation.

answer

True

question

Cellulose easily separates into sugar molecules at room temperature.

answer

False

question

During fermentation, ethanol is converted into sugar and carbon dioxide by yeast.

answer

False

question

Isotopes have the same number of neutrons, but different numbers of protons.

answer

False

question

The proton is composed of two up quarks and one down quark.

answer

True

question

When an atom loses an electron, it is no longer the same element.

answer

False

question

Very small nuclei can undergo fission and become more stable.

answer

False

question

The number of neutrons is less than the number of protons in larger nuclei.

answer

False

question

The most stable nucleus is manganese.

answer

False

question

Inserting the control rods into the reactor

answer

Slows down fission

question

Adding the moderator to the reactor

answer

Speeds up fission

question

A sudden loss of primary coolant water in a pressurized water reactor

answer

Slows down fission

question

Radon, the radioactive gas that contributes more than half the yearly dose to the average American, has a half-life of approximately 4 days. How many days does it take a radon source to decay to 1/16 of its original level of radioactivity? 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16

answer

16

question

What is the intensity in W/m2 of a 80 -W light bulb at a distance 8 cm from the bulb's center? Watts / 4 * pi * (r^2) = intensity

answer

995 W/m2

question

In a solar system far, far away the sun's intensity is 500 W/m2 for an inner planet located a distance R away. What is the sun's intensity for an outer planet located at a distance 5 R from the Sun? intensity / distance^2

answer

20.0000 W/m2

question

During the ________ in Richmond, the angle of the sun at noon from the vertical is 14 degrees (= Richmond's latitude of 37.5 degrees minus Earth's tilt of 23.5 degrees).

answer

Summer

question

During the ________ in the northern hemisphere, the North pole is tilted toward the sun, making the sun appear higher in the sky.

answer

Summer

question

An n-type semiconductor has free electrons in the upper energy conduction band.

answer

True

question

After a photon "kicks" an electron out of the valence band and leaves behind a hole, the hole moves to the n-type side of the p-n junction.

answer

False

question

Electrons cannot move in a partially filled conduction or valence band.

answer

False

question

CdTe has a bandgap energy of 1.5 eV, which is in the visible portion of the EM spectrum.

answer

False

question

The efficiency of the best Si solar cells is less than 20%.

answer

False

question

The thickness of a CdTe thin film in a solar cell is about 2% the thickness of a sheet of paper.

answer

True

question

If a wind farm has a power capacity of 150 MW, then it could generate power for a very large metropolitan city with about 5,000,000 homes (assume 3 kW/home).

answer

False

question

In 2009, the state of Iowa had the highest wind power capacity of any state in the U.S.

answer

False

question

In 2009, U.S. electricity generation from renewable energy sources other than hydroelectric (e.g., wind, biomass, geothermal, and solar) was 20% of the total amount.

answer

False

question

Which statement is true about the motion of surface winds in the Northern hemisphere? --In the cell between 30 and 60 degrees, surface winds flow northward and are deflected westward due to the Coriolis force. --In the cell between 30 and 60 degrees, surface winds flow northward and are deflected eastward due to the Coriolis force. --Surface winds flowing northward are deflected westward, because they are traveling from a faster to slower speed region on Earth. --Surface winds travel slower closer to the equator. Incorrect Surface winds travel faster closer to the North pole.

answer

In the cell between 30 and 60 degrees, surface winds flow northward and are deflected eastward due to the Coriolis force.

question

For wind power it is important to understand the relationship between wind speed and power intensity. If the wind speed is increased by a factor of 4, then how many times larger is the wind's power intensity? factor^ factor = intensity

answer

64.0

question

The power capacity of the Three Gorges dam in China is approximately 20 GW.

answer

True

question

The largest hydroelectric plant in the world is the Three Gorges dam in China.

answer

True

question

When the height difference for the falling water through a dam is doubled, then the power output is 50% larger.

answer

False

question

In the U.S., power generation from hydroelectric is larger than from natural gas.

answer

False

question

The state with the highest percentage of nuclear power generation is Vermont.

answer

True

question

Virginia has a higher percentage of nuclear power generation than California.

answer

True

question

High voltage, low current transmission lines are used in the grid to minimize resistive heating losses.

answer

True

question

Electric vehicles will increase demand on the grid, where the new Nissan Leaf electric car has a larger Li ion battery to charge compared to the plug-in hybrid Chevy Volt.

answer

True

question

The highest voltage used on the U.S. electric grid is 300 kV.

answer

False

question

When Zn metal reacts with Cu2+ ions, Zn metal gives electrons to the Cu2+ ions.

answer

True

question

Zinc is a stronger reducing agent than copper.

answer

True

question

When Zn metal reacts with Cu2+ ions, the Cu2+ ions are the reducing agent.

answer

False

question

In a lithium battery, MnO2 gives electrons to Li.

answer

False

question

In an alkaline battery, Zn metal is the oxidizing agent.

answer

False

question

Zinc is a stronger reducing agent than lithium.

answer

False

question

This reaction is exothermic.

answer

True

question

Breaking the H2 and O2 bonds requires energy, and forming the OH bonds in water releases energy.

answer

True

question

The H2 bond and O2 bond are stronger than the OH bonds in water.

answer

False

question

When hydrogen reacts with oxygen in a fuel cell, hydrogen gives electrons to oxygen.

answer

True

question

Hydrogen has a lower energy density per unit volume compared to gasoline.

answer

True

question

Hydrogen gas can be produced by the electrolysis of water using a battery just over 2 volts.

answer

True

question

Using recycled aluminum scrap to make new aluminum cans uses 25% less energy than making aluminum cans from the raw material of bauxite ore.

answer

False

question

To provide lighting in a room, using an incandescent bulb is more energy efficient than using a compact fluorescent bulb.

answer

False

question

In a typical U.S. home, the energy usage during a year for a microwave is comparable to keeping a 100-W lightbulb continuously on.

answer

False

question

Light with a wavelength of 400 nm is completely absorbed by the atmosphere.

answer

False

question

The shortest wavelength of light that our eyes can usually see is 100 nm.

answer

False

question

Light with a wavelength of 100 nm is in the infrared region.

answer

False

question

watt x year (Wyr) (costs about $1)

answer

Unit of Energy

question

kilocalorie (kcal)

answer

Unit of Energy

question

kilowatt (kW)

answer

Unit of Power

question

The water phase with the highest heat capacity is gas vapor.

answer

False

question

Fuel oil has a relatively high boiling point (>300 C).

answer

True

question

In 2009, the U.S. imported the largest amount of oil from Canada.

answer

True

question

The higher boiling point components (heavier molecules) of oil rise to the top of a fractional distillation tower.

answer

False

question

A car's catalytic converter removes nitrogen oxide pollution and is most efficient at high temperatures.

answer

True

question

The largest source of nitrogen oxide pollution is electric power plants.

answer

False

question

Most nitrogen oxides formed during combustion come from nitrogen in the air.

answer

True

question

Global annual CO2 emissions have increased by approximately 300 Gt from the year 1800 to today.

answer

False

question

Global CO2 concentrations have increased by approximately 10 ppm from the year 1800 to today.

answer

False

question

The change in CO2 concentration during each of the last several glacial cycles was approximately 100 ppm.

answer

True

question

The CO2 concentration today is almost 400 ppm and is increasing at 15 to 20 ppm per decade.

answer

True

question

The percentage of total energy worldwide from biofuels is about 4%.

answer

False

question

For every kg of CO2 produced, octane produces less energy (MJ/kg fuel) than ethanol.

answer

False

question

The two most common biofuels are biodiesel and octane.

answer

False

question

The steps for bioethanol production are: sugar production, cellulose production, and then fermentation.

answer

False

question

During fermentation, sugars and carbon dioxide are converted into ethanol by yeast.

answer

False

question

Cellulose easily separates into sugar molecules at room temperature.

answer

False

question

The number of neutrons is less than the number of protons in larger nuclei.

answer

False

question

The most stable nucleus has 26 protons.

answer

True

question

Very small nuclei can undergo fission and become more stable.

answer

False

question

A p-type semiconductor has missing electrons (or holes) in the lower energy valence band.

answer

False

question

After a photon "kicks" an electron out of the valence band and leaves behind a hole, the hole moves to the n-type side of the p-n junction.

answer

True

question

Electrons cannot move in a partially filled conduction or valence band.

answer

False

question

In 2009, the state of Texas had the highest wind power capacity of any state in the U.S.

answer

True

question

In 2009, U.S. electricity generation from wind was about 50% of the amount from renewable energy sources other than hydroelectric (e.g., wind, biomass, geothermal, and solar).

answer

True

question

The power capacity of Hoover dam in Nevada/Arizona is approximately 20 GW

answer

False

question

The largest hydroelectric plant in the U.S. is the Grand Coulee dam in Washington state.

answer

True

question

When the height difference for the falling water through a dam is doubled, then the power output is 50% larger.

answer

False

question

High voltage, low current transmission lines are used in the grid to minimize resistive heating losses.

answer

True

question

The highest voltage used on the U.S. electric grid is 1,000 kV.

answer

True

question

Electric vehicles will increase demand on the grid, where the new Nissan Leaf electric car has a larger Li ion battery to charge compared to the plug-in hybrid Chevy Volt.

answer

True

question

Zinc is a stronger reducing agent than lithium.

answer

False

question

When Zn metal reacts with Cu2+ ions, the Cu2+ ions are the reducing agent.

answer

False

question

When Zn metal reacts with Cu2+ ions, Zn metal is the oxidizing agent.

answer

False

question

Which statement about batteries is true? --In a zinc-air battery, O2 gives electrons to Zn. --In a zinc-air battery, Zn metal takes electrons from O2. --In a lithium battery, Li metal takes electrons from MnO2. --Lithium is a weaker reducing agent than zinc. --In an alkaline battery, MnO2 is the oxidizing agent.

answer

In an alkaline battery, MnO2 is the oxidizing agent.

question

Choose the correct statement below about the chemical reaction for combining hydrogen and oxygen gas to make water: 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O + 572 kJ. --This reaction is endothermic. --This reaction is neither exothermic nor endothermic (energy neutral). --Breaking the H2 and O2 bonds releases energy, and forming the OH bonds in water requires energy. --The H2 bond and O2 bond are stronger than the OH bonds in water. --The H2 bond and O2 bond are weaker than the OH bonds in water.

answer

The H2 bond and O2 bond are weaker than the OH bonds in water.

question

Using a ton of recycled paper saves 7 trees and uses 10% less water.

answer

False

question

In a typical U.S. home, the energy usage for lighting & appliances is higher than for home heating & cooling.

answer

False

question

To heat a cup of water, using the microwave is more energy efficient than using an electric stove.

answer

True

Energy 201

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