End of Course US History Vocabulary Critical Essay – Flashcards
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free enterprise system
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individuals are free to produce and sell whatever products they wish
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interstate commerce act
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prohibited unfair practices by railroads such as charging higher rates for shorter routes
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laisses-faire
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theory that the government should not interfere in the operation of the free market
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thomas Edison
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inventor best known for his invention of the electric light bulb
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bessmer process
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process which made steel more affordable and profitable
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john d rockefeller
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made his fortune refining oil; founded standard oil
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corporation
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a company chartered by a state and recognized in law as a separate person
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national market
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linked goods and services through technology and transportation making commerce more affordable
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transcontinental railroad
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completed in 1869 at promontory point, Utah making it possible to travel by land to California
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union
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organized workers to act as a group as an individual to leverage for better working
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knights if labor
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hoped to create a single national union of skilled and unskilled workers, demanding an 8 hour work day, safety codes, better pay and organizing strikes to get companies to grant demands
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child labor
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used to move, clean or fix large machines since they were small enough to fit between the parts
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gospel of wealth
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theory that rich were obligated to help communicate by giving back in the form of libraries, school, universities but not giving directly to individuals
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afl
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limited membership to crafts and skilled workers creating a federation of unions
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robber barron
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sometimes used ruthless tactics to destroy completion and keep worker wages low
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Andrew Carnegie
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scottish immigrant made his fortune in steel making, known for gospel of wealth
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Samuel gompers
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founded afl in 1881
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captain of industry
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businessmen known for their positive contributions to the modern industrial economy
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alexander bell
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inventor known for the telephone and the company that later becomes at&t
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philanthropy
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act of charitable giving
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monopoly
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complete control of a product service; the elimination of fair competition
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sherman anti trust act
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designed to prevent companies from engaging in unfair practices that eliminated fair competition
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social darwinism
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economic philosophy based on the survival of the fittest
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jacob riis
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wrote how the other half lives describing the deplorable conditions of the cities
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great plains
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area of the country settled by farmers brought to the area from the east by the trans. rr
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frontier
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line between areas of settlement and those areas dominated by nature and native americans
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klondike gold rush
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in 1896 miners were attracted to the area by discovery of precious metals
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american indian citizenship act
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made all indians citizens of the united states
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tenement
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single room apartments often without heating, lighting or sewage
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political machine
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corrupt city government officials promising to provided services and jobs in exchange for votes
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immigration
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primary reason for the growth in us cities by the early 1900s doubling the number of us cities with population in excess of 500,000
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ellis island
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vast government center in new york city where most immigrants were processed in the us
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cattle drive
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movement by cowboys of cattle to rail stations in the north to connect to markets in the east
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ghettos
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neighborhoods made up of people similar nationality, language and cultural characteristics
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new immigrants
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mostly from southern and eastern europe; mostly catholic and jewish
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chinese exclusion act
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first federal law restricting asian immigration to the united states
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push and pull factors
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war, famine, drought, economic opportunity, education
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indian wars
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little big horn, wounded knee, sand creek massacre
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dawes act
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divided reservation into individual plots, each family received 160 acres to farm hoping to establish pride in ownership
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tammany hall
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unofficial city organization designed to keep a party in power usually led by single boss
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assimilation
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process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture
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homestead act
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1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens who met certain requirements and paid a small fee
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urbanization
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growth of large cities
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political boss
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most notorious political machine designed to keep democrats in control of new york city
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americanization
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learning to dress, speak and act like other americans
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boss tweed
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manipulated new york city politics for his own benefit
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nativists
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favoring native born americans over immigrants
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16th amendment
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required americans to pay an income tax
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third party
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allows citizens to proposed laws directly on a ballot
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square deal
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aimed at correcting the political and social injustices resulting from industrilization
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tariff
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tax on imported goods
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settlement house
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an all purpose community center for poor people living in crowded cities
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muckrakers
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reporters, writers, and social scientist exposed the abuses of industrial society and government corruption
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populist party
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a new national political party representing the common man farmers, industrial workers, and miners proposing a 8 hour workday, progressive income tax, government ownership of railroads, free silver
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free silver
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unlimited coinage of silver to increase money supply
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18th amendment
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prohibition of the sale, manufacture, transport of alcohol
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jane adams
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progressive reformer known for establishing the hull house
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ida b wells
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social reformer that organized a national lynching crusade
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pendelton civil service act
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government jobs given to supporters as reward for contribution to politicians
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social gospel movement
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called for social reforms as a duty of christians to enhance the lives of the less fortunate
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william jennings bryan
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democratic candidate in the election of 1896 gained support of populist party for his cross og gold speech
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pure food and drug act
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protected consumers health and welfare by insuring quality products
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upton sinclaire
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muckraker that wrote of the abuses in the meat packing industry in the jungle
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recall
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elected officials could be removed from office by special election
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17th amendment
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allows for the direct election of senators
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progressive amendment
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teddy roosevelts progressive legislative program aimed at protecting the public health and and preventing false claims by business owners
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19th amendment
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government cannot deny the right to vote based on gender
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meat inspection act
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direct result of the book the jungle
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federal reserve act
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created government agency that controls monetary products
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referendum
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process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by their legislature
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web debois
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african american reformer that founded the naacp
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theodore roosevelt
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progressive president known as the trust buster, identifying companies as good trusts and bad trusts
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temperance movement
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movement led mostly by women like francis Willard to eliminate alcohol
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booker t washington
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proposed that african americans achieve equality gradually through job training and education
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woodrow wilson
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democrat elected president in 1912 as a result of a split in the republican party
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initiative
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allowed voters to introduce bills directly to legislative
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william h taft
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succeeded roosevelt as president, followed many of his trust busting policies
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monroe doctrine
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policy that prevented europeans from establishing colonies in western hemisphere
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rough riders
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group of volunteers led by teddy roosevelt gained fame in the spanish american war
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sandford dole
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first governor of hawaii, led by a group of plantation owners to overthrow the queen
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foreign policy
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consists of a countrys policies toward other nations
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yellow journalism
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sensationalized events in cuba by american newspapers eager for war with spain
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joseph pulitizer
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owner of the new york world newspaper, literary award bares his name
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delome letter
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letter written by spanish official claiming president mckinley was weak
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san jaun hill
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famous turning point american victory in spanish american war
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spanish american war
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fought on two fronts, in the carribean and in the pacific against the spanish empire
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alfred t mahan
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argued that to achieve world power a country needed a powerful navy
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yellow fever
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mosquito born illness responsible for thousands of death in panama canal zone
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dollar diplomacy
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president tafts foreign policy toward latin american advocating investment
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uss maine
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mysteriously exploded in havana harbor
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queen liliuokalani
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said hawaii should be led and controlled by hawaiians, later surrendered to americans
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protectorate
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annexed territory under control of the united states
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dr. william gorgas
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responsible for eliminating breeding areas for mosquitos thus helping to control the spread of yellow fever
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panama canal
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completed in 1914 connecting the atlantic and the pacific oceans
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platt amendment
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asserted the united states right to intervene in cuban affairs at any time
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open door policy
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gave equal trading rights to all countries in china
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big stick diplomacy
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roosevelt boasted he would speak softly and carry a big stick
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william h hearst
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owner of competing new york newspaper responsible for sensationalizing reports from cuba in order to sell papers
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john j pershing
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leader of the american expeditionary force sent to mexico to hunt down famous mexican revolutionary pancho villa
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john hay
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us secretary of state responsible for opening trade with china in the open door policy
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roosevelt corollary
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addition to the monroe doctrine stating the us would intervene in the affairs of carribbean nations as police presence if necessary
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imperialism
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the policy or practice of extending a nations rule over other less powerful territories
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henry cabot lodge
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leading opponent of the united states to become involved in the league of nations
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archduke franz ferdinand
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assassinated by a serb national sarjevo
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selective service act
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allowed national government to draft men to serve in war
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neutrality
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policy of not taking sides in the conflict of europe
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league of nations
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international peace keeping organization
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u boat
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german submarines
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alvin york
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medal of honor recipient for heroism in ww1
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western front
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fight on the french and germany boundary
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trench warfare
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new and strange method of fighting
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sussex pledge
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germany promised not to sink and more ocean liners without prior warning or providing help to passengers
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versailles treaty
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ended ww1 with provisions that were considered very harsh on germany and other defeated countries
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battle of argonne forest
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considered a major turning point in ww1, germany was defeated
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american expeditionary force
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american fighting force in ww1 led by john j pershing
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reparations
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provision of the versailles treaty which made germany pay for damages caused during the war
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zimmerman telegram
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secret message from german foreign minister to mexico, promising to return lost territories to mexico in exchange for alliance
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espionage act 1917
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made it a crime to criticize american involvement in european conflict
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woodrow wilson
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attempted to remain neutral, but eventually he was forced to ask congress for a declaration of war on europe
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schenck v us
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supreme court ruling limiting free speech when it poses a clear and present danger
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lusitania
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british passenger ship was sunk by german submarine killing over 1000 people including 128 americans
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fourteen points
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proposed by wilson before the end of ww1 as the basis for the peace in europe include a plan for the league of nations
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isolationism
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policy after ww1 of separating from affairs of other countries and turning their backs to europe
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marcus garvey
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a political activist who emphasized racial pride and black nationalism. formed the universal negro improvement association
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immigrations acts
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of 1921, 1924, and 1929 were designed to keep out immigrants from eastern and southern europe
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charles lindbergh
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became the first person to fly across the atlantic ocean in 1927
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great migration
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about two million african americans move out of the south to the northeast and midwestern united states in search of better opportunities
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lost genration
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group of writers such as f scott fitzgerald, earnest hemmingway, sinclair lewis who rejected the idea of material wealth in favor of spirituality
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henry ford
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engineer, entrepreneur introduced the assembly line production of automobiles
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18th amendment
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prohibits the sale, manufacture, and distribution of alcohol
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warren g harding
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elected president in 1920 enacted highest tariff in history, lowered taxes and restricted immigration
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glenn curtis
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early aviation pioneer known for his design of the first seaplane giving birth to the us naval aviation
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clarence darrow
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famous defense attorney; defending john t scopes in the monkey trial
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frances williard
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in addition to fighting for womens rights, prison reform, and an 8 hour workday she was the most outspoken person voice in the temperance movement
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teapot dome scandal
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government officials convicted of accepting bribes for leasing federal alnd to oil companies
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19th amendement
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granting women the right to vote
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speculation
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the purchase of any item in the hope of selling it later for a higher price
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eugenics
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pseudo scientific belief that the human race could be improved by breeding
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flapper
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style many women adopted of shorter dresses shorter hair rejecting the more tradition fashion and lifestyle
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return to normalcy
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campaign slogan placing emphasis on peacetime production and prosperity at home
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calvin coolidge
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pro business president known for saying the chief business of america is business
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rugged individualism
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hoovers beliefs that americas greatness was made possible by the ideas of equal opportunity, free education, and a will to succeed
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red scare
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wave of panic and hysteria in america caused by a fear of communism and anarchy
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scopes monkey trial
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courtroom battle over the teaching of modern scientific theories and the traditional religious beliefs
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ku klux klan
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hostile group that was anti immigrant, anti chaotic, anti jewish, anti african american.
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prohibition
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was referred to as the great experiment
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tinpan alley
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an are in new york city where song writing and musical ideas mixed together to form popular american music
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roaring twenties
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post ww1 time period known for isolationism and economic prosperity
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langston hughes
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famous african american poet known for expressing pride in his heritage and attacking racism
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herbet hoover
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president seen as the villain at the start of the depression, blamed for continuing pro business policies and not doing enough to remedy the economic down turn
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harlem renaissance
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new optimism and growth of african american culture
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palmer raids
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fear of radical takeover resulted in the arrests of 4000 suspects and deportation of 600 others directed by the attorney general
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john Steinbeck
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wrote about the suffering of migrant families in the grapes of wrath
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hoovervilles
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make shift shanty towns that appeared on the outskirts of towns during the depression
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francis derkins
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first female member of the us cabinet when she was appointed by the fdr as labor secretary
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great dpression
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caused by over production, tariff barriers, speculation, shaky banking practices
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dust bowl
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series of droughts in the great plains area which created one of the worst natural disasters in us history
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brain trust
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group of talented people from leading american universities that helped advise fdr on economic policy
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civilian conservation corps
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gave jobs to young men, such as planting trees and cleaning up forests, lived in camps sent money home to family
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franklin d roosevelt
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elected president in 1932, increased government role in running the economy
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social security
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provided safety net for workers with unemployment insurance , old age pensions , and insurance
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new deal
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fdrs plan for lifting the nation out of depression
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eleanor roosevelt
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famous lady, political activist, served as eyes and ears for her husband
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dorothea lange
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recorded the misery of people in the depression through her photography
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tva
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built 21 government dams along the Tennessee river to provide flood relief and electricity
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securities and exchange comission
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created to watch over the stock market, prevent fraud and guard against another stock market crash
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bank holiday
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closing of all the banks until inspectors could determine that the bank was financially stable
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black tuesday
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october 29, 1929
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prime the pump
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pouring money into the economy to stimulate consumer buying therefore helping put people back to work
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francis townsend
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dr who wanted government to give all citizens 65 years and older a pension of 200 a month to help stimulate the economy
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fireside chats
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signs of leadership by president to speak directly to the american people on a weekly basis
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3 rs
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goal of the new deal, relief, recovery, reform
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court packing plan
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fdr proposed to appoint additional justices for every justice over the age of 70, heavily criticized for the plan
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national recovery plan
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lame duck states president will take office in January instead of march
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22 amendment
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the supreme court ruled that even in times of crisis congress could not grant the president more powers than those given in the constitution
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schenchter poultry v us
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asked businesses to voluntarily follow codes for wages, production and prices. declared unconstitutional
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mexican repatriation
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half a million mexican american workers were forcibly sent back to mexico
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fdic
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insured bank deposits to restore peoples confidence in the nations banks
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fater coughlin
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used radio to criticize fdr policies as helping make rich richer and poor poorer, called for nationalizing banks and utilities
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federal reserve board
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created to control the floe of currency in the market helping to reduce major swings in the inflation rate
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flat money
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paper money
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huey long
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former Louisiana governor and the us senator critical of fdr for not doing enough to help the poor
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agriculture adjustment acts
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paid farmers for surplus crops and stored them in warehouses until prices recovered
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war bonds
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helped the government raise needed funds for the war effort; also helped reduce inflation
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flying tigers
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group of american volunteer fighter pilots helped keep supply lines open in china
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lend lease acts
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allowed for the us to sell, lease or lend war materials to any country deemed vital to the defense of the united states
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appeasement
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the policy of giving in to satisfy the demand of potential enemy
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rationing
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regulated the amount of goods that consumers could obtain, therefore sharing in the sacrifices of war
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battle of midway
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considered a major turning point in the war in the pacific, putting the Japanese on the defensive and the us on the offensive
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george patton
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commanded the army invasion of africa and italy, led the third army unit through europe
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executive oder 9066
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require japanese americans to be relocated to intermittent camps
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Tuskegee airmen
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an all black fighter group in the air corps who provided escorts for pilots on bombing missions
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d day
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invasion of normandy france in 1944
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blitzkrieg
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german fighting strategy also known as lightening war
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holocaust
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was the attempted genocide of the jews during ww11 which led to the killing of over 6 million jews
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george marshall
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Roosevelt army chief staff, helped build up and supply 8 million man army and helped oversee the project to build and atomic weapon
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battle of the bulge
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major turning point in the war in europe germany last offensive attack
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omar bradley
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led the first american army to advance through france
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adolf hitler
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leader of the nazi party took power in germany and aimed to achieve german domination
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pearl harbor
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us naval base in hawaii attacked by the japanese on dec 7 1941
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neutrality act
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a series of laws passed by congress to keep the country out of war
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office of war information
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produced pro allied, anti axis, propaganda posters, movies, and radio programs to make citizens aware of how they could help the war effort
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dwight d eisenhower
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supreme allied commander responsible for the d day invasion
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korematsu v us
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supreme court case ruled that the intermittent of the japanese americans was constitutional
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hirsoshima/ kagasaki
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japanese cities that were targeted for the dropping of the a bomb
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nuremburg trials
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demonstrated that leaders and individuals are responsible for their actions even in times of war
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island hopping
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successful us war strategy in the pacific
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vernon backer
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black soldier awarded the medal of honor 40 years after his heoric service in ww11
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navajo code
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were used to send messages in the military because language could not be deciphered
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Douglas macarthur
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led us forces in the pacific gradually took control using the strategy of island hopping
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bataan death march
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filipino and us prisoners forced to march 60 miles through jungles without food and water
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harry truman
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us president who made the decision to use the new atomic weapon on japan to prevent the loss of more american lives
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victory gardens
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americans grow their own vegetables and fruits in order to conserve the food supply
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chester nimitsz
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us navy admiral defeated the japanese at the battle of midway
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iron curtain
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imaginary wall seperating soviet satellite countries from the west
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united nations
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based on the concept of collective security with each member pledged to defend each other if attacked
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mao zedong
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led a communist revolution in china in 1949
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marshall plan
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massive aid program for war torn european countries
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huac
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congressional committee questioned actors, directors, writers and others about their possible communists sympathies
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deterrent
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designed to limit retaliation from an enemy for fear of nuclear attack
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mccarthyism
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congressmen created fears of a communist conspiracy to overthrow the american government by infiltrating the us state department with spies
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containment policy
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us would not attempt to overturn communism where it already existed, but they resolved not to allow it spread
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truman doctrine
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us president offered military aid to greece and turkey when communist rebels threatened these two countries.
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warsaw pact
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soviet union reacted to creation of western european alliances by unifying eastern european satellite countries
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venona papers
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released in 1997 which confirmed the identities of several americans who had spied for the soviet union
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korean war
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communist north invaded the south, truman chose to aid the south to prevent the spread of communism, sometimes referred as the forgotten war
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gi bill
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servicemens readjustment act, helped veterans with low interest home loans and money for college education
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sputnik
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1957 the soviets launched the first man made satellite, marked the beginning of what becomes known as the space race
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berlin airlift
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stalin ordered a blockade in 1947, the us organized a massive humanitarian relief effort to supply and feed the city
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jonas salk
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discovered the polio vaccine
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rosenburgs
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the married couple was charged with selling national secrets to the soviet union, were convicted and executed
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cold war
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a confrontation between the free nations of the world and the communists nations of the world
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eisenhower doctrine
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continuing the policy of containment eisenhower agreed to send aid to any middle eastern country that needed to stop the spread communism
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alger hiss
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state department official accused of spying and found quilty of perjury by the huac
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interstate highway act
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eisenhowers plan to connect the nation through a system of roadways, sparked the middle class move to the suburbs
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arms race
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beginning of a competition for weapons superiority after both the us and soviet launch nuclear weapons
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38th parallel
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agreed upon border between communists north korean and democratic south korea
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loyalty review board
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federal employees were investigated for suspicious activities
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nato
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international peace keeping organized designed to promote global justice and cooperation with member nation
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ceaser chavez
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organized and fought for migrant farm workers rights, many of whom were mexican american
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scic
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southern christian leadership conference, founded in 1957 by southern ministers fighting for equal rights led by martin luther king jr
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orval faubus
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governor of arkansas that ordered national guard soldiers to block entrance of nine black students to central high school, later overuled by president eisenhower
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montgomery bus boycott
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led to the federal court ruling the segragation on city buses violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
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plessy v ferguson
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the court ruling that separate but equal was constitutional
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rosa parks
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refused to give up her seat on the bus in montgomery, local leaders organized a boycott in protest
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letter from the birmingham jail
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king explained why african americans could no longer wait for equality
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march on washington
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organized in 1963 to convince congress to pass civil rights legislation highlighted by famous i have a dream speech by martin luther king jr
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george wallace
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alabama governor that blocked two african american students from attending the university of alabama
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jackie robinson
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broke the color barrier in major league baseball playing for the brooklyn dodgers
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civil rights act of 1964
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prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, or ethnic origin in public places and in employment
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thurgood marshall
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attorney for naacp succesfully argued the brown v board of education case and would later become the first african american supreme court justice
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freedom riders
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activists used buses to protest segregation in interstate terminals
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malcolm x
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was leading black muslim who believed that equality may require the use of violence to be achieved
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brown v board of education
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landmark court case ruled that segregated schools were inherently equal unequal ordered their integration with all deliberate speed
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sit in movement
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began in greensboros, north carolina when four students sat at a whites only lunch counter
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24th amendment
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forbid states from imposing a poll tax in order to vote in federal elections
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affirmative action
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federeal program designed to actively recruit minorities for employment
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sncc
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gave young african americans a greater voice in the civl rights movement, organized sit in demonstrations in the south
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martin luther king jr
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led the 13 month long boycott of public buses, successfully ending the citys segregated bus system
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billy graham
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was a white christian preacher and outspoken opponet of segregation once paid to bail out martin luther king jr out of jail
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black power movement
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group that believed that african american s should rely more on themselves by controlling their own communities and businesses
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16th street baptism church
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site of bombing which killed four young african american children and injured many more
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little rock nine
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name given to the nine black students that attempted to enroll in all white central high school in little rock arkansas
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core
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congress of racial equality used peacful confrontation to effect social change
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civil disobediance
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belief that if government passed unjust laws people should oppose it with protests, boycotts and other nonviolent tactics
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sweatt v painter
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court case involving an african american student entering the university of texas school of law, court ruled that he should attend with white law students
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jim crow
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southern laws that orevented blacks from sharing public facilities including theaters, beaches, restaurants, water fountains, or buses with whites
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lester maddox
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governor of georgia form 1967 to 1975, came to prominence as a staunch segregationist when he refused to serve black customers in his atlanta restaurant despite the civil rights act of 1964
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civil rights
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period of the 1950s 1960s that addressed the unequal treatment of african americans and other minority groups
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voting right act
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federal law suspended literacy test where they were used to prevent african americans from voting
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american indian movement
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protested against textbooks, tv shows and movies which showed anti american indian bias
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edgewood v kirby
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required changes in school finance in texas to increase funding for students in poorer school districts
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black panthers
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demanded equal oppurtunities and repayment for past oppression, claimed the right t carry weapons to protect black neighbourhoods
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domino theory
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fear that if one southeast asian country were to fall to communism many others would follow
question
equal pay act
answer
required companies to pay women the same wages as men for the same work
question
richard nixon
answer
republican candidate for president in 1968 helped to revive conservatism at a time when most people were concerned about the direction of the country
question
great society
answer
president johnsons far reaching domestic programs aimed at ending poverty, improving healthcare, rebuilding inner cities and providing for equality
question
mendez v westminister
answer
ruled that mexican americans, though not a separate race, were still entitled as a class to protection under the 14th amendment
question
roe v wade
answer
court ruled that a women could end her pregnancy in the first three months based on her constitutional right to privacy
question
tet offensive
answer
vietcong launch a massive attack on south vietnamese cities on the chinese new year
question
beat generation
answer
group of young writers that rebelled against johnson the authority to do whatever he deemed necessary in southeast asia
question
hernandez v texas
answer
segregation of children of a group was illegal without a special state law requiring it
question
gulf of tonkin resolution
answer
passed by congress giving president johnson the authority to do whatever he deemed necessary in southeast asia
question
26th amendment
answer
lowered to voting age in all stares to 18 years
question
john f kennedy
answer
democrat elected president in 1960
question
roy benavidez
answer
awarded the congressional medal of honor in 1981 for his heroic actions during the vietnam war
question
chicano mural movement
answer
mexican american artists painted murals in barrios throughout the southwest celebrating their history and cultural heritage
question
bay of pigs invasion
answer
failed invasion of cuba by us backed rebels and supported by president kennedy
question
delgado v bastrop
answer
ruled that segregation of mexican american children was in illegal in texas
question
betty friedman
answer
in her book the feminine mystique she argued that women were just as capable as men and such be be able to compete for the same job
question
lbj
answer
president kennedys vice president will become the president after president kennedy is assassinated in nov 1963
question
credibility gap
answer
the american public began to debt and dispute the facts being revealed by government officials about the war in vietnam
question
vietnamization
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the nixon policy of gradually reducing the number of american troops on vietnam and returning control of the country back to the vietnamese
question
title IX
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passed in 1972 which promoted gender equality by guaranteeing girls in school the same oppurtunities as boys
question
silent majority
answer
president nixons term used to describe the majority of americans who continued to support the war in vietnam but did not voice their opinion
question
feminist movement
answer
sought to achieve economic and social equality for women
question
cuban missel crisis
answer
president kennedy discovered that soviet made missiles were being place in cuba
question
anti war movement
answer
millions of young people were actively protesting the us involvement in vietnam
question
vietnam war
answer
communist vietcong begin guerilla warfare in south vietnam in an attempt to unified north and south vietnam, american and us soldiers to support south vietnamese in april 1975 after the us had withdrawn its soldiers
question
fall of saigon
answer
saigon was overtaken by communists north vietnamese in april 1975 after the us had withdrawn its soliders
question
john glenn
answer
first american astronaut to orbit the earth in 1962
question
now
answer
national orginization of women became the chief voice of the women movement
question
persian gulf war
answer
president bush sent troops to iraq after the leader saddam hussein invade kuwait
question
ronald regan
answer
elected president in 1980 beginning a resurgence of conservatism
question
stagflation
answer
economic problem caused by inflation and stagnate economic growth
question
epa
answer
was created to protect the environment by setting air and water pollution standards
question
detente
answer
nixons policy of relaxing tensions between the us and soviet union limiting development of missile systems
question
sam walton
answer
founder of walmart, the worlds largest retailer
question
opec
answer
organization of petroleum exporting countries, designed to control the flow, production and distribution of oil throughout the world
question
jimmy carter
answer
elected president in 1976 struggled with economic problems and hostage crisis in iran
question
nixon
answer
elected president in 1968 moved the nation to a more conservative direction, only president to resign from office
question
watergate scandel
answer
a group of men working for nixons re election campaign were caught breaking into the democratic part headquaters in washington dc
question
endangered species
answer
designed to protect the environment and animal species on the verge of extinction
question
camp david accords
answer
carter negotiated peace between historic middle eastern enemies, egypt and israel
question
bill gates
answer
co founder of microsoft who realized the potential of the personal computer
question
moral majority
answer
made up of fundamentalists christians who favored socially conservation agenda
question
wisconsin v yoder
answer
struck down a state law requiring amish children to attend school past 8th grade
question
reganomics
answer
economic policy of increasing supply and dropping prices which leads to consumer demand and increase employment
question
estee lauder
answer
founder of one of the worlds largest cosmetic lines
question
nafta
answer
north american free trade agreement which created a trade association with mexico and canada to stimulate the economies
question
sandra day oconnor
answer
first women appointed to the supreme court by ronald reagan in 1981
question
phyllis schlafly
answer
was a critic of the womens liberation movement claiming it would reduce the rights of wives and harm the american family
question
george h bush
answer
ronald reagans vice president was elected in 1988
question
robert johnson
answer
first african american billionaire and founder of black entertainment tv
question
rust belt
answer
areas of the northeast and midwest with coal and iron resources
question
reagan doctrine
answer
the us would try to roll back communism in the middle east and asia
question
gerald ford
answer
appointed vice president by nixon and assumes presidency after nixon resigns from office
question
hilliary clinton
answer
appointed by president clinton to head up a task force to investigate health care reforms
question
nra
answer
national riffle association became political when it endorsed ronald reagan as president
question
impeachment
answer
constitutional process of removing and elected official
question
lionel sosa
answer
founder of the largest hispanic advertising agency in the us
question
peace through strength
answer
increase in military spending and research to show americas enemies that it would act to stop aggression
question
contract with america
answer
introduced as a program of conservative principles arguing that government was too big
question
heritage foundation
answer
sought to promote conservative policies and attempted to influence legislators to pass conservative legislation
question
star wars
answer
strategic defense initiative using lasers to shoot down missiles in order to prevent a nuclear attack
question
tinker v des moines
answer
rulled that students had the right to wear armbands to school to protest the vietnam war
question
bill clinton
answer
former arkansas governor elected president in 1992 defeating george w h bush 2nd president to be impeached
question
gatt/wto
answer
general agreement on tariffs and trade found in 1947 to reduce tariff level on many good
question
iran hostage crisis
answer
in 1979 Iranian students seized the staff at the us embassy in tehran and held them hostage for more than a year
question
sun belt
answer
southwestern region of he united states experienced population growth as people left the rust belt in search of employment
question
barack obama
answer
former illinois senator first african american elected president in 2008
question
war in iraq
answer
us invasion to topple feared dictator saddam hussein and prevent him from providing chemical and biological weapons to terroist groups
question
demography
answer
the study of polpulation
question
financial crisis of 2008
answer
during bushs second term the worst financial crisis in the us since the great depression
question
american recovery and reinvestment act
answer
government spent 700 billion dollars attempting to stimulate the economy by creating jobs and rebuilding infrastructure
question
time study analysis
answer
information gathered about the production time of a worker and the data used to improve methods of production
question
george w bush
answer
former texas governor and the son of former president bush won the presidential election of 2000
question
world trade center
answer
targeted by terrorists on 9/11 because of its importance to the economic system of the us
question
presidential election of 2008
answer
landmark election for grassroots campaigning and use of social media
question
september 11, 2001
answer
date that terrorists attacked the united states by flying hijacked planes into the world trade center and the pentagon killing thousands
question
free enterprise system
answer
allows people to use their own economic resources to produce goods and services for sale to others
question
hurricane katrina
answer
costliest natural disaster in the recorded history of the us
question
sonia sotomayor
answer
first hispanic us supreme court justice and the third female justice to serve on the court
question
multinational corps
answer
companies move production to countries with less regulations and cheap labor
question
al gore jr
answer
clintons vice president democratic candidate in the election of 200 lost to bush
question
computer revolutionary
answer
growth of technology to carry out logistical and mathematical functions
question
genetic engineering
answer
allows for the alteration of genetics to help find the cure for many diseases
question
al qaeda
answer
terrorist organization responsible for the attacks on the wtc
question
robotics
answer
is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, to aid in manufacturing, distribution and managing resources
question
jit production
answer
just in time uses computers to track the exact time which parts are needed in the production process
question
osama bin laden
answer
leader of the al qaeda later assassinated by the us navy seals in pakisatn
question
pentagon
answer
military headquarters attacked by terrorist on 9/11
question
department of homeland security
answer
new cabinet level department created to keep the us secure from all threats
question
patriot act
answer
allowed the law enforcement officals to conduct sweeping searches and surveillance of suspected terrorists living in the us
question
taliban
answer
group of islamic fundamentals in control of the afghanistan government
question
war on terror
answer
global war of those nations that harbored terrorists
question
new orleans levees
answer
failed to hold back surges caused by hurricane Katrina caused massive flooding
question
illegal immigration
answer
individuals that land on the shores of the us without officially entering the country.
