question

5 separate bones associated with the skull

answer

Mandible Maxillae Zygomatic arches Nasal bones Orbits

question

5 regions of the spinal column

answer

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx

question

6 bones/types of bones associated with the arm and hand

answer

Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

question

4 major structures of the female reproductive system

answer

Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina

question

primary functions of the renal system

answer

The renal system helps the body regulate fluid levels, filter chemicals, and adjust body pH.

question

where is the spleen?

answer

upper left quadrant

question

3 functions of the musculoskeletal system

answer

The musculoskeletal system functions to give the body shape, to protect vital internal organs, and to provide for body movement.

question

5 divisions of the spine, describe the location of each

answer

Cervical: neck Thoracic: upper back Lumbar: lower back Sacral: posterior pelvis Coccyx: distal spine, posterior pelvis

question

describe physical processes of inhalation and exhalation

answer

During inhalation, the muscles of the rib cage and the diaphragm contract. The diaphragm lowers, and the ribs move upward and outward, which expands the chest and creates a negative pressure inside the chest cavity that pulls air into the lungs. During exhalation, the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax. The ribs move downward and inward, while the diaphragm rises, causing the chest to decrease in size and positive pressure to build inside the chest cavity, which pushes air out of the lungs.

question

4 places a peripheral pulse may be felt

answer

The four places where a peripheral pulse may be palpated are the radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery, and femoral artery.

question

describe CNS and PNS

answer

The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain receives information from the body and, in turn, sends impulses to different areas of the body to respond to internal and external changes. The spinal cord rests within the spinal column and stretches from the brain to the lumbar vertebrae. Nerves branch from each part of the cord and reach throughout the body. The peripheral nervous system consists of two types of nerves: sensory and motor. The sensory nerves pick up information from throughout the body and transmit it to the spinal cord and brain. The motor nerves carry messages from the brain to the body.

question

3 functions of the skin

answer

The functions of the skin include protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, and shock absorption.

question

The thyroid gland and adrenal glands are part of the:

answer

endocrine system

question

Which of the following is part of the cranium?

answer

Occipital bones

question

The leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea is called the:

answer

epiglottis.

question

If oxygen is not present in sufficient supply, the body will shift to:

answer

anaerobic metabolism.

question

A condition that reduces the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells is:

answer

anemia.

question

The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the:

answer

small intestine

question

Which of the following is TRUE about respiratory anatomy in infants and children?

answer

The tongue of an infant or child takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than an adult's.

question

Why is it critical to manage swelling of the pediatric patient's airway

answer

Because of the small diameter of the pediatric airway

question

The cervical spine is formed by:

answer

the first seven vertebrae.

question

Which of the following structures is part of the digestive system?

answer

Gallbladder

question

Automaticity is the ability of the heart to generate and conduct what on its own?

answer

Electrical impulses

question

Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart is called:

answer

cardiac muscle.

question

Which of the following muscles divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and is a major muscle of respiration?

answer

diaphragm

question

The system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought is known generally as the:

answer

nervous system.

question

The kidneys are vital components of the:

answer

urinary system.

question

Functions of the skeletal system include:

answer

allowing for movement.

question

The brain and spinal cord make up the:

answer

central nervous system.

question

After leaving a capillary, blood enters what structure on its trip back to the heart?

answer

Venule

question

Epinephrine is secreted by the:

answer

adrenal gland

question

Which gland in involved in the fight-or-flight response?

answer

The adrenals

question

The nerves that are located outside the spinal cord and brain are parts of the:

answer

peripheral nervous system.

question

The two primary muscles that are used for breathing are the diaphragm and the:

answer

intercostal muscles.

question

Which of the following is a sign of sympathetic nervous system stimulation?

answer

Increased heart rate

question

Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?

answer

Ventilation and oxygenation

question

During exhalation, the size of the thoracic cavity:

answer

decreases.

question

The tonsils, thymus, and spleen are components of the:

answer

lymphatic system.

question

Compared to adults, the infant's rib cage toward the bottom is not as:

answer

curved inward

question

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is known as:

answer

shock

question

The only movable part of the skull is the:

answer

mandible.

question

The anatomical differences between the pediatric and adult airways require that:

answer

specific considerations be taken in treating the infant for respiratory issues.

question

The proximal end of the ulna helps to form the:

answer

elbow

question

One of the byproducts of metabolism without oxygen is:

answer

lactic acid.

question

What is the name for the small sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place?

answer

Alveoli.

question

The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as ventilation involves:

answer

the movement of gases to and from the alveoli

question

What structure in the musculoskeletal system is designed to connect a bone to another bone?

answer

ligament

question

This type of muscle is generally attached at one or both ends to a bone by tendons.

answer

Skeletal

question

Which of the following BEST describes the medical condition of shock?

answer

Inadequate circulation of blood through one or more organs or structures

question

What is the strongest and most muscular part of the heart?

answer

L ventricle

question

What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine?

answer

Cervical and lumbar

question

Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the body?

answer

Plasma

question

Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood loss?

answer

Spleen

question

The brain is a part of the:

answer

central nervous system.

question

in the term "cardiovascular," the "vascular" part relates to:

answer

the blood vessels.

question

Which of the following body systems primarily produces hormones?

answer

Endocrine

question

Which of the following is the primary function of the stomach?

answer

Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions

question

The tibia is also referred to as:

answer

the shinbone.

question

The bone most commonly fractured with a "broken hip" is the:

answer

femur

question

A child's ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an adult's.

answer

tongue

question

You are caring for a 47-year-old male patient with chest pain, the classic suggestion of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular system, you know he could be suffering from damage, narrowing, or blockage of what arteries?

answer

Coronary arteries

question

Which of the following is NOT part of the lower extremities?

answer

carpals

question

Physiology is the study of:

answer

body function.

question

Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cavae?

answer

r atrium

question

What are the small bones that make up the wrist called?

answer

Carpals

question

The "fight-or-flight" response is activated by the:

answer

sympathetic nervous system.

question

A femoral pulse can be felt:

answer

in the center of the body.

question

The lower jaw bone is also known as the:

answer

mandible.

question

What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs?

answer

Smooth

question

The patella sits what to the knee joint?

answer

Which component of blood is responsible for forming clotting factors to stop bleeding?

answer

Platelets

question

Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the stomach?

answer

Esophagus

question

The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the ________ blood pressure.

answer

systolic

question

Which organ is the principal organ of the renal system?

answer

Kidney

question

An artery is a blood vessel that only:

answer

carries blood away from the heart.

question

Failure of the liver would result in which of the following?

answer

Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream

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