EMT chapter 6 – Flashcards
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primary functions of the renal system
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The renal system helps the body regulate fluid levels, filter chemicals, and adjust body pH.
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where is the spleen?
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upper left quadrant
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3 functions of the musculoskeletal system
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The musculoskeletal system functions to give the body shape, to protect vital internal organs, and to provide for body movement.
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5 divisions of the spine, describe the location of each
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Cervical: neck Thoracic: upper back Lumbar: lower back Sacral: posterior pelvis Coccyx: distal spine, posterior pelvis
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describe physical processes of inhalation and exhalation
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During inhalation, the muscles of the rib cage and the diaphragm contract. The diaphragm lowers, and the ribs move upward and outward, which expands the chest and creates a negative pressure inside the chest cavity that pulls air into the lungs. During exhalation, the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax. The ribs move downward and inward, while the diaphragm rises, causing the chest to decrease in size and positive pressure to build inside the chest cavity, which pushes air out of the lungs.
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4 places a peripheral pulse may be felt
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The four places where a peripheral pulse may be palpated are the radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery, and femoral artery.
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describe CNS and PNS
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The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain receives information from the body and, in turn, sends impulses to different areas of the body to respond to internal and external changes. The spinal cord rests within the spinal column and stretches from the brain to the lumbar vertebrae. Nerves branch from each part of the cord and reach throughout the body. The peripheral nervous system consists of two types of nerves: sensory and motor. The sensory nerves pick up information from throughout the body and transmit it to the spinal cord and brain. The motor nerves carry messages from the brain to the body.
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3 functions of the skin
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The functions of the skin include protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, and shock absorption.
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The thyroid gland and adrenal glands are part of​ the:
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endocrine system
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Which of the following is part of the​ cranium?
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Occipital bones
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The​ leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea is called​ the:
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epiglottis.
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If oxygen is not present in sufficient​ supply, the body will shift​ to:
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anaerobic metabolism.
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A condition that reduces the number of​ oxygen-carrying red blood cells​ is:
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anemia.
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The muscular tube between the stomach and the large​ intestine, divided into the​ duodenum, the​ jejunum, and the​ ileum, is​ the:
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small intestine
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Which of the following is TRUE about respiratory anatomy in infants and​ children?
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The tongue of an infant or child takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than an​ adult's.
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Why is it critical to manage swelling of the pediatric​ patient's airway
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Because of the small diameter of the pediatric airway
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The cervical spine is formed​ by:
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the first seven vertebrae.
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Which of the following structures is part of the digestive​ system?
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Gallbladder
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Automaticity is the ability of the heart to generate and conduct what on its​ own?
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Electrical impulses
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Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart is​ called:
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cardiac muscle.
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Which of the following muscles divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and is a major muscle of​ respiration?
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diaphragm
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The system of​ brain, spinal​ cord, and nerves that govern​ sensation, movement, and thought is known generally as​ the:
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nervous system.
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The kidneys are vital components of​ the:
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urinary system.
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Functions of the skeletal system​ include:
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allowing for movement.
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The brain and spinal cord make up​ the:
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central nervous system.
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After leaving a​ capillary, blood enters what structure on its trip back to the​ heart?
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Venule
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Epinephrine is secreted by​ the:
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adrenal gland
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Which gland in involved in the​ fight-or-flight response?
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The adrenals
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The nerves that are located outside the spinal cord and brain are parts of​ the:
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peripheral nervous system.
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The two primary muscles that are used for breathing are the diaphragm and​ the:
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intercostal muscles.
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Which of the following is a sign of sympathetic nervous system​ stimulation?
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Increased heart rate
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Which of the following is a function of the respiratory​ system?
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Ventilation and oxygenation
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During​ exhalation, the size of the thoracic​ cavity:
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decreases.
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The​ tonsils, thymus, and spleen are components of​ the:
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lymphatic system.
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Compared to​ adults, the​ infant's rib cage toward the bottom is not​ as:
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curved inward
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Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is known​ as:
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shock
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The only movable part of the skull is​ the:
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mandible.
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The anatomical differences between the pediatric and adult airways require​ that:
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specific considerations be taken in treating the infant for respiratory issues.
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The proximal end of the ulna helps to form​ the:
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elbow
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One of the byproducts of metabolism without oxygen​ is:
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lactic acid.
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What is the name for the small sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes​ place?
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Alveoli.
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The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as ventilation​ involves:
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the movement of gases to and from the alveoli
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What structure in the musculoskeletal system is designed to connect a bone to another​ bone?
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ligament
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This type of muscle is generally attached at one or both ends to a bone by tendons.
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Skeletal
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Which of the following BEST describes the medical condition of​ shock?
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Inadequate circulation of blood through one or more organs or structures
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What is the strongest and most muscular part of the​ heart?
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L ventricle
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What are the two most easily injured portions of the​ spine?
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Cervical and lumbar
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Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the​ body?
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Plasma
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Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood​ loss?
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Spleen
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The brain is a part of​ the:
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central nervous system.
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in the term​ "cardiovascular," the​ "vascular" part relates​ to:
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the blood vessels.
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Which of the following body systems primarily produces​ hormones?
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Endocrine
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Which of the following is the primary function of the​ stomach?
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Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions
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The tibia is also referred to​ as:
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the shinbone.
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The bone most commonly fractured with a​ "broken hip" is​ the:
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femur
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A​ child's ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an​ adult's.
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tongue
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You are caring for a​ 47-year-old male patient with chest​ pain, the classic suggestion of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular​ system, you know he could be suffering from​ damage, narrowing, or blockage of what​ arteries?
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Coronary arteries
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Which of the following is NOT part of the lower​ extremities?
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carpals
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Physiology is the study​ of:
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body function.
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Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena​ cavae?
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r atrium
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What are the small bones that make up the wrist​ called?
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Carpals
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The​ "fight-or-flight" response is activated by​ the:
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sympathetic nervous system.
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A femoral pulse can be​ felt:
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in the center of the body.
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The lower jaw bone is also known as​ the:
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mandible.
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What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the​ lungs?
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Smooth
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The patella sits what to the knee​ joint?
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anterior
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Which component of blood is responsible for forming clotting factors to stop​ bleeding?
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Platelets
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Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the​ stomach?
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Esophagus
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The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the​ ________ blood pressure.
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systolic
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Which organ is the principal organ of the renal​ system?
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Kidney
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An artery is a blood vessel that​ only:
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carries blood away from the heart.
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Failure of the liver would result in which of the​ following?
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Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream
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