question

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the:

answer

distal forearm

question

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

answer

heat

question

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:

answer

distal humerus fracture

question

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" represents:

answer

ventricular contraction

question

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

answer

bilateral

question

A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the _______ position:

answer

fowler's

question

A person's bones would become brittle if he or she was deficient in:

answer

calcium

question

A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?

answer

plantar

question

Abnormalities in metabolism are most likely caused by dysfunction of the:

answer

pancreas

question

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the:

answer

somatic nervous system

question

All necessary life functions are coordinated in what part of the brain?

answer

brain stem

question

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

answer

beta-1 receptors

question

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

answer

prone

question

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

answer

patella

question

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

answer

alveoli

question

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed

answer

100 beats/min

question

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

answer

gallbladder

question

Both areas of the pons are used to:

answer

augment respiration's during emotional or physical stress

question

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

answer

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF

question

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because:

answer

waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cels

question

Cardiac output(CO) is affected by:

answer

stroke volume and heart rate

question

Contraction of the right ventricle causes:

answer

blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation

question

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

answer

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange

question

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

answer

inferior vena cava

question

During each heartbeat, _______ of blood is ejected from the adult heart. This is called stroke volume (SV)

answer

70 to 80 mL

question

Each pelvic bone is formed by the fusion of the:

answer

ilium, ischium, and pubis

question

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ______ and carries oxygen.

answer

erythrocytes

question

How does respiration differ from ventilation

answer

respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment

question

If an average-sized patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if his or her respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

answer

minute volume is decreased

question

In relation to the chest, the back is:

answer

posterior

question

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

answer

proximal

question

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

answer

epinephrine and norepinephrine

question

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated when:

answer

the cells function with adequate oxygen

question

Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:

answer

abduction

question

Negative pressure breathing involves:

answer

a drop in pressure within the chest cavity

question

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

answer

diffusion

question

Pathophysiologyis the study of the functional change that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

answer

disease

question

Relative to the adult's airway, the child's:

answer

pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved

question

Relative to the kidneys, the liver is:

answer

unilateral

question

Select the areas of the spinal column is descending order.

answer

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

question

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, except:

answer

a reduction in tidal volume

question

Skeletal muscle is also called:

answer

voluntary muscles

question

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors result in:

answer

constriction of the blood vessels

question

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:

answer

a slow heart rate

question

The air you breathe is ____ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _____ oxygen.

answer

21%, 16%

question

The amount of air that remain is the lungs simply to keep them open is called:

answer

residual volume

question

The airway that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

answer

dorsalis pedis

question

The atlas is the:

answer

first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull

question

The automatic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except:

answer

breath holding

question

The average adult has approximately _______of blood in his or her body.

answer

6L

question

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

answer

skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column

question

The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called:

answer

hypoxic drive

question

The bones of the forearm are called the:

answer

radius and ulna

question

The bones that comprise the fingers and toes are called:

answer

phalanges

question

The bony prominence on the lateral/ superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

answer

greater trochanter

question

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

answer

foramen magnum

question

The carpal bones form the:

answer

wrist

question

The central nervous system is composed of the:

answer

brain and spinal cord

question

The cervical spine is composed of ______vertebrae.

answer

seven

question

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs called:

answer

perfusion

question

The connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by:

answer

connecting the sensory and motor nerves and bypassing the brain

question

The descending aorta branches into the:

answer

common illiac arteries

question

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

answer

inhalation

question

The diaphragm is a unique muscle because it:

answer

is both a voluntary and involuntary muscle

question

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:

answer

medial malleolus

question

The dorsal respiratory group(DRG) is a part of the brain stem and is responsible for:

answer

initiating inspiration

question

The elbow is an example of a ____joint

answer

hinge

question

The electrical of the heart normally begins at the:

answer

sinoatrial node

question

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

answer

capillaries

question

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:

answer

pancreatic juice

question

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

answer

acetabulum

question

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

answer

cricoid cartilage

question

The heart muscle is called the:

answer

myocardium

question

The Hering-Breuer reflex is stimulated when:

answer

stretch receptors in the chest wall detect that the lungs are too full

question

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:

answer

xiphoid process

question

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitonel organs because they:

answer

are located behind the abdominal cavity

question

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

answer

scapula

question

The largest portion of the brain, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter," is called the:

answer

cerebrum

question

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called:

answer

epiglottis

question

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

answer

pulmonary veins

question

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

answer

aorta

question

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

answer

coccyx

question

The most superior portion of the sternum is called the:

answer

manubrium

question

The nose, chin, umbilicus(navel), and spine are examples of ______ anatomic structures.

answer

midline

question

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

answer

right side cerebrum

question

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:

answer

diastole

question

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

answer

receive blood from the vena cava

question

The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:

answer

small intestine

question

The supporting bone of the arm is the:

answer

humerus

question

The topographic term used to describe the location of the body parts are closer toward the midline or center of the body is:

answer

medial

question

The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:

answer

inferior

question

The vocal cords are located in the:

answer

larynx

question

The wastes products of aerobic metabolism include:

answer

carbon dioxide and water

question

The_____fills the entire anteroposterier depth of the right upper quadrant(RUQ) of the abdomen.

answer

liver

question

The _____ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

answer

orbit

question

The ______ of the heart is the inferior portion of the left ventricles.

answer

apex

question

The _____plane separates the body into left and right halves.

answer

midsagittal

question

The _____ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

answer

sacrum

question

The _____ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

answer

diaphragm

question

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

answer

five

question

Trauma to the _____lobe of the brain wold likely result in visual disturbances.

answer

occipital

question

Trendelenburg's position is most accurately defined as a:

answer

supine position with the legs elevated 6" to 12" higher than the head

question

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column?

answer

thoracic

question

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

answer

ureters

question

What function does the pneumotaxic center serve?

answer

inhibits the DRG, resulting in shorter, faster respirations

question

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

answer

the arteries contact to increase the blood pressure

question

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

answer

transport a mature egg to the urterus

question

What is the main function of platelets?

answer

initial formation of a blood clot

question

What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?

answer

5,600 mL

question

What layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?

answer

subcutaneous

question

What set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?

answer

sensory

question

What three bones make up the shoulder girdle?

answer

clavicle, scapula, humerus

question

Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word "dorsal"?

answer

posterior

question

Which of the following are central pulses?

answer

femoral and carotid

question

Which of the following arteries does not carry highly oxygenated blood?

answer

pulmonary

question

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?

answer

pituitary

question

Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?

answer

warms and humidifies inhaled air

question

Which of the following is most characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

answer

respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

question

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

answer

mastoid

question

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

answer

metabolic coordination

question

Which of the following organs is not part of the digestive system?

answer

kidney

question

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitonel space?

answer

kidneys

question

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children

answer

seesaw respirations

question

Which is the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

answer

dermis

question

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

answer

agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted

question

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?

answer

anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular is limited

question

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system conrol of the cardiovascular system is correct?

answer

baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure

question

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

answer

plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients

question

Which f the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct?

answer

a person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle

question

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

answer

it is under control of the autonomic nervous system

question

Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct?

answer

the kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control its balance of water and salt

question

Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?

answer

the medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm

question

Which of the following structures does not contain smooth muscle?

answer

skeletal system

question

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

answer

endocrine

question

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant(LUQ) of the abdomen?

answer

spleen

question

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movement such as writing or sewing?

answer

cerebellum

question

White blood cells are also called leukocytes and function by:

answer

protecting the body from infection

question

Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

answer

spleen

question

Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:

answer

reticular activating system

question

_____ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid and occurs when blood is moved through the artery at relatively high pressure

answer

hydrostatic

EMT Basic Chapter 5: Pressure Breathing, Heart Rate, Skeleton – Flashcards

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