EMT-B Brady 12th Edition Chapter 6 Study Questions – Flashcards
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What is the name of the heart dysfunction caused by an electrical source that causes the heart to beat too fast? Select one: a. Trauma b. Heart attack c. Tachycardia d. Bradycardia
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c. Tachycardia
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The seat of respiratory control is found in the: Select one: a. medulla oblongata. b. nose. c. lungs. d. chest.
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a. Medulla oblongata
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What is FiO2 ? Select one: a. The concentration of oxygen in our inhaled air, which is referred to as the fraction of inspired oxygen b. The amount of oxygen delivered via an airway adjunct in liters per minute c. The flow rate of gases provided to the patient by mask or nasal cannula d. The concentration of gases in our expired air, which is referred to as the fraction of used oxygen
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a. The concentration of oxygen in our inhaled air, which is referred to as the fraction of inspired oxygen
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The study of how disease affects the functioning of the human body is called: Select one: a. psychology. b. pathophysiology. c. physiology. d. anatomy.
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b. Pathophysiology
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__________________ blood has returned to the right side of the heart. Select one: a. Anemic b. Red c. Deoxygenated d. Oxygenated
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c. Deoxygenated
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The pressure that is created when the heart pushes the blood throughout the circulatory system is called: Select one: a. osmotic pressure. b. oncotic pressure. c. hydrostatic pressure. d. hyperstatic pressure.
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c. Hydrostatic pressure
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When carbon dioxide is not exchanged, the net result is high carbon dioxide, a condition called _____________, within the body. Select one: a. hyperthermia b. hyperemia c. hypercapnia d. hyperglycemia
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c. Hypercapnia
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To exhale, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process?Select one: a. Respiration b. Passive c. Inspiration d. Active
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b. Passive
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The respiratory system moves air in and out; however, to __________ cells, the air that is inhaled must be matched up with the circulatory system. Select one: a. hyperoxygenate b. register c. defuse d. perfuse
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d. Perfuse
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A condition that is caused by a decreased number of red blood cells is called: Select one: a. polycythemia. b. erythrocythemia. c. leukemia. d. anemia.
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d. Anemia
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An infection of the brain is called: Select one: a. rhinitis. b. encephalitis. c. multiple sclerosis. d. meningitis.
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b. Encephalitis
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The layer of covering that protects the nervous system is called the: Select one: a. spinal column. b. cerebrospinal fluid. c. skull. d. meninges.
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d. Meninges
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If a hole is created in the chest wall, air could escape or be drawn in, or if bleeding develops within the chest, air and blood can accumulate in the pleural space. This would force the lung to: Select one: a. increase the minute volume. b. increase respirations. c. collapse. d. work harder with minimal problems.
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c. Collapse
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The basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy is: Select one: a. water. b. glucose. c. protein. d. oxygen.
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b. Glucose
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Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up: Select one: a. systems. b. groups. c. sections. d. humans.
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a. Systems
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What will stroke volume and minute heart rate determine? Select one: a. Contractility b. Systemic vascular resistance c. Blood pressure d. Cardiac output
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d. Cardiac output
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What is the name for a balance between the circulatory system and ventilation? Select one: a. C/Q match b. V/Q match c. C/V match d. A/C match
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b. V/Q match
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Water that is found in the space between cells and blood vessels is called: Select one: a. interstitial. b. intracellular. c. intravascular. d. hydrostatic.
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a. Interstitial
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Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is called: Select one: a. vital capacity. b. tidal volume. c. bronchial air. d. dead air space.
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d. Dead air space
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The process by which glucose and other nutrients are converted into energy is called: Select one: a. catabolism. b. depolarization. c. respiration. d. metabolism.
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a. Metabolism
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Plasma oncotic pressure is created by the movement of which of the following? Select one: a. Constriction of the vessels b. Contraction of the heart c. Large proteins d. Dilation of the vessels
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c. Large proteins
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Which of the following BEST defines adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? Select one: a. It is the form of energy that is produced in the mitochondria from glucose and DNA. b. It is the form of energy produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and is the cell's engine responsible for all cell function. c. It is the form of energy that is produced in the nucleus from glucose and other nutrients. d. It is the form of energy produced in the mitochondria and is the cell's engine responsible for all cell function.
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d. It is the form of energy produced in the mitochondria and is the cell's engine responsible for all cell function.
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The movement of ions across the cell membrane is needed to accomplish repolarization. What cell structure is used to prepare for depolarization?Select one: a. Nucleus b. Mitochondria c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Sodium potassium pump
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d. Sodium potassium pump
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Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs in two ways: via the red blood cells and: Select one: a. oncotic pressure. b. hydrostatic pressure. c. white blood cells. d. plasma.
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d. Plasma
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How many milliliters of air are moved during a typical breath? Select one: a. 500 mL b. 250 mL c. 150 mL d. 300 mL
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a. 500 mL
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Without this element, the cell would dehydrate and die. Select one: a. Oxygen b. Water c. Glucose d. Proteins
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b. Water
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The potential space between the lung and chest wall is called the: Select one: a. carina space. b. lung space. c. dead space. d. pleural space.
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d. Pleural space
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Production of energy occurs in what part of the cell? Select one: a. Mitochondria b. Nucleus c. Potassium pump d. Endoplasmic reticulum
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a. Mitochondria
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What do chemoreceptors found in the body and vascular system measure? Select one: a. Low oxygen and high carbon dioxide b. Low oxygen and low carbon dioxide c. High oxygen and low carbon dioxide d. High oxygen and high carbon dioxide
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a. Low oxygen and high carbon dioxide
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What is a patent airway? Select one: a. An airway that is in need of securing via an oral or nasal pharyngeal airway b. The condition of the patient's airway at the start of a lifesaving intervention c. A term used by EMS practitioners to indicate that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life d. A rigid suction device used to remove fluid and foreign objects from the pharynx to secure the airway
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c. A term used by EMS practitioners to indicate that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life
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In the normal drive to breathe, chemoreceptors are stimulated by: Select one: a. high carbon dioxide. b. low carbon dioxide. c. diffusion. d. high oxygen.
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a. High carbon dioxide
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Choose the BEST description of the chest's mechanical functions. Select one: a. The chest is a closed space, and the pleural space surrounds the lungs; when the diaphragm contracts and the intercostals expand, the chest and lungs move outward and downward, allowing expiration and gas exchange in the lungs. b. The chest is a closed space with only one opening, the trachea, to inspire air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air. c. The diaphragm contracts, causing the intercostal muscles that are attached to the lungs to also contract, which moves the air into the lungs. d. With the chest being an airtight space, the act of breathing occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm and intercostal relax, which causes the lungs to expand and air to flow into the lungs.
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b. The chest is a closed space with only one opening, the trachea, to inspire air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air.
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A patient breathing in room air should be receiving _____ percent oxygen. Select one: a. 100 b. 5 c. 16 d. 21
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d. 21
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The human body is made up of _____percent water. Select one: a. 75 b. 7.5 c. 60 d. 17.5
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c. 60
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Injuries to the brain and spinal cord, sepsis, and severe allergic reactions can cause what similar cardiovascular problem? Select one: a. Permeability b. Loss of SVR c. Hypertension d. Loss of tone
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d. Loss of tone
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The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is called: Select one: a. anaerobic. b. hyperoxic. c. homeostatic. d. aerobic.
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a. Anaerobic
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The sympathetic nervous response causes which of the following to occur? Select one: a. Breathe slower and deeper, blood vessels to dilate, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to constrict, and skin to become pale b. Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to constrict, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to constrict, and skin to become warm c. Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to constrict, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to dilate, and skin to become pale d. Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to dilate, heart to beat stronger and slower, skin to sweat, pupils to dilate, and skin to become pale
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c. Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to constrict, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to dilate, and skin to become pale
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The major organs of the endocrine system are the Select one: a. pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. b. liver, pancreas, and the kidneys. c. kidneys, pancreas, and the brain. d. brain, pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
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c. Kidneys, pancreas, and the brain
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What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs? Select one: a. Mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, hypopharynx, trachea, mainstem bronchi, crania, alveoli b. Nose, hyperpharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, trachea, mainstem bronchi, bronchi, alveoli c. Nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli d. Nose, pharynx, hypopharynx, epiglottis, trachea, crania, mainstem bronchi, alveoli
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c. Nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
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What is the most common digestive disorder?Select one: a. Irritable bowel and gastric esophageal disease b. Vomiting and diarrhea c. Bohemia and flatus d. Diarrhea and gastric esophageal disease
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b. Vomiting and diarrhea
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Stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known as: Select one: a. automaticity. b. afterload. c. contractility. d. preload.
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c. Contractility
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You are called to a kindergarten class where a boy has fallen while climbing on playground equipment. The teacher saw him fall and hit his tummy on a step. He is sobbing and holding his abdomen. As you assess him, you find his skin cool and clammy, his pulse is 132, respiratory is 28. Why is the boy acting this way?elect one: a. He is embarrassed and is afraid that the other students will make fun of him. b. He possibly has internal injuries and is in shock. c. He is really upset and wants his mother. d. He possibly has wet his pants and does not want anyone to know.
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b. He possibly has internal injuries and is in shock.
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The common blood dysfunction that indicates a failure of the body to move oxygen and carbon dioxide is: Select one: a. polyuria. b. vascular space. c. volume. d. hypoxia.
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c. Volume
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These substances, when dissolved, separate into charged particles. Select one: a. Ions b. Electrolytes c. Cations d. ATP
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b. Electrolytes
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When the body's water moves from the bloodstream into the interstitial space, it is called: Select one: a. edema. b. hydrostatic. c. dehydration. d. hypovolemia.
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a. Edema
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Janie is having difficulty breathing. Her current tidal volume is 350 mL, and she is breathing at 28 times per minute. What would be her minute volume? Select one: a. 342 mL b. 9,800 mL c. 12.5 mL d. 378 mL
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b. 9,800ml
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Certain blood vessels that contain specialized sensors that detect the level of internal pressure and transmit messages to the nervous system, which then triggers the smooth muscle in the vessel walls to make any needed size adjustments, are called: Select One: a. pressure receptors. b. stretch receptors. c. chemoreceptors. d. volume receptors.
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b. Stretch receptors.
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Your patient is a 22-year-old female that accidentally ate some shellfish and is now having a severe reaction. She tells you that the last time she ate shellfish, "they had to put a breathing tube in my throat and I almost died." Her face is starting to swell up and you can hear audible wheezing when she breathes. The chemical that produces edema and narrowing of the airways during hypersensitivity reactions like this is called: Select One: a. serotonin. b. acetylcholine. c. insulin. d. histamine.
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D. histamine.
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The disruption of lung tissue by mechanical forces or medical problems can upset the exchange of gas across the alveoli, a process called: Select One: a. diffusion. b. perfusion. c. ventilation. d. osmosis.
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a. Diffusion.
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Which of the following statements provides reasons for the disruption of respiratory control? Select One: a. A medical, structural, and mechanical failure that has initiated the cascade of life-threatening problems can interrupt this control. b. A structural reason that has caused collapse of the upper and lower airways to block the flow of oxygen to the alveoli can interrupt this control. c. Medical reasons, infections, trauma, toxins, and drugs, along with neurologic disorders, can interrupt this control. d. Mechanical failure, soft-tissue damage, obstruction, and lack of perfusion can interrupt this control.
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c. Medical reasons, infections, trauma, toxins, and drugs, along with neurologic disorders, can interrupt this control.
