question

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child?

answer

20 g

question

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of:

answer

bleeding in the brain

question

Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

hyperglycemia

question

Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with:

answer

alcohol

question

A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should:

answer

perform abdominal thrusts

question

Febrile seizures in a child:

answer

may indicate a serious underlying illness

question

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called:

answer

retracting

question

When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should:

answer

secure the torso before the head

question

Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child?

answer

82 mm Hg

question

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

answer

attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport.

question

Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with:

answer

cherry-red spots or a purplish rash

question

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:

answer

at the feet

question

Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include:

answer

an ineffective cough

question

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

answer

2 seconds

question

Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include:

answer

restlessness

question

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

answer

drooling or congestion

question

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

answer

be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital

question

The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-mask ventilations is to:

answer

observe the chest for adequate rise

question

During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS:

answer

allow the family to observe if they wish

question

The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min.

answer

60

question

To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to:

answer

place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders

question

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is not moving and does not appear to be conscious or breathing. You should:

answer

stabilize his head and open his airway

question

When a child experiences a blunt chest injury:

answer

the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking

question

The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child:

answer

may not be possible if the child's condition is critical.

question

When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or ________ pulse.

answer

femoral

question

An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by:

answer

grunting

question

The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is:

answer

vomiting and diarrhea

question

Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock.

answer

25%

question

Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years.

answer

3

question

A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. You should:

answer

monitor her airway and give oxygen

question

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should:

answer

not rule out compensated shock

question

After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

answer

perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.

question

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because:

answer

their bones bend more easily than an adult's.

question

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should:

answer

block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise

question

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

answer

dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea

question

Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is:

answer

older than 8 to 10 years

question

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct?

answer

Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries

question

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

answer

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

question

A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called:

answer

stridor

question

Pale skin in a child indicates that the:

answer

blood vessels near the skin are constricted

question

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

answer

Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months

question

All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT:

answer

head bobbing.

question

The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and:

answer

a rash

question

Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis?

answer

females

question

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

hyperglycemia

question

A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

answer

age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

question

A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

answer

6 months.

question

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

answer

neonatal period.

question

In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by:

answer

generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase.

question

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

answer

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

question

Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct?

answer

They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year

question

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

cyanosis

question

If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may:

answer

stimulate the vagus nerve

question

An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may:

answer

cause the child to vomit

question

Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask?

answer

an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations

question

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:

answer

have a female EMT remain with her if possible

question

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

answer

croup

question

When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should:

answer

palpate the abdomen for rise and fall

question

Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an unconscious infant or child, you must:

answer

ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions

question

The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and

answer

a rash

question

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of

answer

bleeding in the brain

question

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called

answer

retracting

question

You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:

answer

assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center

question

Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if:

answer

his or her tidal volume is adequate

question

Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse

answer

shins

question

Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between:

answer

6 months and 6 years

question

Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children?

answer

blood pressure

question

The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children:

answer

vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight

question

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

answer

sexual activity

question

A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect:

answer

moderate dehydration

question

A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

answer

encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport

question

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence?

answer

Why did your child ingest the poison?

question

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

answer

absent urine output

question

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

answer

talk to the child, not just the caregiver

question

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse

answer

consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

question

Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include:

answer

positioning, ice packs, and emotional support.

question

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

sunken fontanelles

question

Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

slowed level of activity

question

In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with:

answer

severe hypoxia and bradycardia

question

Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct?

answer

They can usually identify painful areas when questioned

question

Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include

answer

restlessness

question

Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct?

answer

A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger

question

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

wheezing

question

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the

answer

size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact

question

Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should

answer

place him or her on a firm surface

question

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS?

answer

putting a baby to sleep on his or her back

question

Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct?

answer

If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head

question

If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb

answer

40

question

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she

answer

has a history suggestive of a serious illness

question

Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of:

answer

respiratory or circulatory failure

question

The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age

answer

18, 6

question

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

answer

6 years

question

Critical burns in children include

answer

partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface

question

Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury?

answer

nausea and vomiting

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