Eled 303 Quiz #1 – Flashcards
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According to Piaget, the foundation for development in all humans is
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maturation
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Piaget's basic blocks of thinking and memory are
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schemas
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What are the two processes involved in adaption?
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Assimilation and Accommodation
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Which pair of factors that influence thinking is thought by Piaget to be genetic or inherited?
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Organization/Adaptation
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Jeannie observed rocks sinking in water and said "I already knew that. All rocks sing." Then she saw a piece of pumice floating on water and was told that pumice is rock. Several days later she was asked if rocks sing in water. She said "most do". I Piaget's terms, what process did Jeannie use to draw this conclusion?
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Accommodation
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According to Piaget, the process of searching for a balance between cognitive schemas and environmental information is called
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Equilibrium
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When we try a particular strategy and it does not work, the discomfort we experience is called
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Disequilibrium
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According to Piaget, how do people pass through the four stages of cognitive development?
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Gradually, always in the same order, transitional length varies
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What might be the best way to determine what cognitive stage a person has reached?
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Assessment, conservation tasks, observational testing
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In Piaget's theory, an understanding of object permanence is acquired during what period of development?
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Sensory motor
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Michelle covers her own eyes because she thinks her friends will not see her when playing hide and seek. What stage of Piagets cognitive theory this account best illustrates?
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Egocentrisim in sensory motor stage
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What is beginning to develop in the sensory-motor stage of development?
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Senses, reflexes, movement-shifts to symbolic thinking
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Nathan is shown two balls of clay that he identifies as equal in quantity. When one of the balls is rolled out, Nathan says that the flattened one has more clay. What stage of development is he likely to be?
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Preoperational
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Billy refuses to drink his OJ from the 1/2 full glass that his mother gives to him. He wants her to pour the juice into his favorite cup and watches his mother fill it to the brim. Billy likes his cup better because he gets more juice in. With what cognitive concept in Piaget's theory is Billy having trouble?
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Conservation-the ability to determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size.
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A teacher pours juice from a larger glass into two tiny glasses, and the child beams, happy now that he has more juice. What cognitive stage does the account bet illustrate?
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Conservation Preoperational- as they start to talk, children do not yet understand concrete logic and cannot mentally manipulate information.
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In his first game of hide and seek, Andy covers his eyes so that his friends cannot see him. How might we describe his thinking?
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Egocentric
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A pre-operational child's believe that a tall, narrow glass contains more liquid than a short wide glass is displaying what?
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conservation
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Corinne has master this type of problem:"If the white house is bigger than the blue house, and the blue house is bigger than the red house, is the white house bigger or smaller than the red house?" What stage of Piaget's cognitive theory does this situation illustrate?
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Concrete operational
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David has just purchased a car and is intensely interested it it. When the car has engine trouble, he is able to systematically locate the problem. What stage of cognitive development does this show?
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Formal Operation
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When Mary returned from the high-school prom, she complained, "Everyone hated my dress!" What specific concept does this account best illustrate?
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Adolescent egocentrism
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As time goes on, Tina becomes a happier individual, more in touch with life, and content with her situation. This description emphasizes what kind of development for Tina?
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Personal development- Change in personality that take place as one grows
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All developmental theories have what general principal in common?
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gradually consistent- all happen in the same series
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What part of the brain coordinates and orchestrates skilled movements?
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Cerebellum
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If John is introduced to the concept of fractions today, he will not be able to start adding and subtracting them tomorrow. What general principle of development is this?
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Development takes place gradually
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What is the last part of the brain to develop fully?
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Frontal Lobe- allows greatest human accomplishments, problem solving, language, emotions, judgment- doesnt fully develop until after high school
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What does the part of the cerebral cortex that matures first control?
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motor movement
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What is specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain called?
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Laterization- The specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain
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Developmental changes that are genetically programmed are a function of ?
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maturation
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The foundation of Vygotsky's view of cognitive development is grounded in what fundamental belief (theory)
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Social Cultural Theory
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According to Vygotsky, what is it that is responsible for a child's cultural development?
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Social interaction/ shared experiences
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Vygotsky's view of cognitive development differs from Piaget's in the importance and emphasis placed on a person's what?
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interpersonal interaction
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The role of cultural tools in cognitive development involves what?
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Both real and symbolic tools
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What is the role of "private speech" in Vygotsky's view
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Self regulation- guides development
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Piaget called children's self-directed talk ____ while Vygotsky called the same behavior ___.
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1. Egocentric Speech 2.Private Speech
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According to Vygotsky, what is scaffolding?
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Supporting knowledge for further learning
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What is the ZPD?
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Area between what the child can do themselves and what they need help with
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What would application of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development concept include?
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Making instruction out of the reach of the child so they need support otherwise there would be no learning
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matruation
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Genetically programmed naturally occuring changes over time
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sensitive periods
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times when a person is especially ready to learn certain things or responsive to certain experiences
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accomodtion
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altering existing schemes or creating new ones in response to new information
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assimilation
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fitting new information into existing schemes
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concrete operation
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mental tasks tied to concrete objects and situations
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Search for mental balance between cognitive schemes and information from enviroment
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Equilibrium
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schemes
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mental systems or categories of perception and experience
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seriation
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arranging objects in sequential order according to one aspect, such as size, weight etc.
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social process in which people interact and negotiate to create an understanding or to solve a problem
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co-constructed process
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form of speech in which children in a group talk but do not really interact or communicate
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collective monologue
