Electrons In Atoms Test Questions – Flashcards
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| amplitude |
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| the height of a wave's crest. |
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| atomic emission spectrum |
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| the pattern formed when light passes through a prism or diffraction grating to separate it into the different frequencies of light it contains. |
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| atomic orbital |
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| a mathematical expression describing the probability of finding an electron at various locations; usually represented by the region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron. |
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| Aufbau Principle |
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| the rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy level first. |
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| electromagnetic radiation |
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| energy waves that traveil at a speed of approximately 300 million meters per second in a vaccuum; includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, X-rays,, and gamma rays. |
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| electron configurations |
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| the arrangement of electrons of an atom in its ground state into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms. |
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| energy levels |
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| the specific energies an electron in an atom can have. |
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| frequency |
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| the number of wave cylces that pass a given point per unit of time; frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other. |
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| ground state |
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| the lowest possible energy of an electron as described by quantum mechanics. |
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| Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle |
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| it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a very small particle at the same time. |
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| hertz |
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| the unit of frequency, equal to one cylcle per second. |
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| Hund's Rule |
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| electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible. |
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| Pauli Exclusion Principle |
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| an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction; it is impossible for any two electrons within an atom to have all four of their quantum numbers to be identical. |
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| photons |
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| a quantum of light or a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that interacts with matter in a similar manner as particles. |
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| quantum |
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| the amount of energy necessary to move an electron from one energy level to another. |
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| quantum mechanical model |
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| the primarily mathematical, modern description of the behavior of electrons in atoms |
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| spectrum |
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| wavelengths of visible light that are separated when a beam of light passes through a prism; range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. |
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| wavelength |
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| the distance between adjacent crests of a wave. |
