Electronic Structure Of Atoms Test Questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
electronic structure
answer
the arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule
question
electromagnetic radiation
answer
a form of energy that has awave characteristics and that propagates through a vacuum at the characteristic speed of 3.00*10^8 m/s
question
wavelength
answer
the distance between identical points on successive waves
question
frequency
answer
the number of times per second that one complete wavelength passes a given point
question
quatum
answer
the smallest increment of radiant energy that may be absorbed or emitted the magnitude of radiant energy is hv
question
Planck's constant
answer
the constant that relates the energy and frequency of a photon E = hv; equals 6.626*10^-34 J-s
question
photoelectric effect
answer
the emissions of electrons from a metal surface induced by light
question
spectrum
answer
the distribution among various wavelengths of the radiant energy emitted or absorbed by an object
question
continuous spectrum
answer
a spectrum that contains radiation distributed over all wavelengths
question
line spectrum
answer
a spectrum that contains radiation at only certain specific wavelengths
question
ground state
answer
the lowest energy, or most stable, state
question
excited states
answer
a higher energy state than the ground state
question
matter waves
answer
the term used to describe the wave characteristics of a moving particle
question
momentum
answer
the product of the mass and velocity of an object
question
uncertainty principle
answer
a principle stating there is an inherent uncertainty in the precision with which we can simultaneously specify the position and momentum of a particle this uncertainty is significant only for particles of extremely small mass, such as electrons
question
wave functions
answer
a mathematical description of an allowed energy state (an orbital)
question
probability density
answer
a value the represents the probability that an electron will be found at a given point in space
question
electron density
answer
the probability of finding tan electron at any particular point in an atom; this probability is equal to the square of the wave function
question
orbitals
answer
an allowed energy state of an electron in the quantum mechanical model of the atom; the term orbital is also used to describe the spatial distribution of the electron; an orbital is defind the the values of three quantum numbers: n, l, and ml
question
electron shell
answer
a collection of orbitals that have the same value of n
question
subshell
answer
one or more orbitals with the same set of quantum numbers n and l
question
radial probability function
answer
the probability that the electron will be found at a certain distance from the nucleus
question
nodes
answer
points in an atom at which the electron density is zero; for example the node in a 2s orbital is spherical surface
question
degenerate
answer
a situation in which two or more orbitals have the same energy
question
electron spin
answer
a property of the electron that makes it behave as though it were a tiny magnet; the electron behaves as if it were spinning on its axis; electron spin is quantized
question
spin magnetic quantum number
answer
a quantum number associated with the electron spin
question
Pauli exclusion principle
answer
a rule stating that no two electrons in an atom may have the same four quantum numbers; as a reflection of this principle, there can be no more than two electrons in any one atomic orbital
question
electron configuration
answer
the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom or molecule
question
Hund's rule
answer
a rule stating that electrons occupy degenerate orbitals in such a way as to maximize the number of electrons with the same spin; in other words, each orbital has one electron placed in it before pairing of electrons in orbitals occurs
question
valence electrons
answer
the outermost electrons of an atom; those that occupy orbitals not occupied in the nearest noble-gas element of lower atomic number; the valence electrons are the ones the atom uses in bonding
question
core electrons
answer
the electrons that are not in the outermost shell of an atom
question
representative elements
answer
an element from within the s and p blocks of the periodic table
question
main-group elements
answer
elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table
question
transition elements
answer
elements in which the d orbitals are partially occupied
question
lanthanide (rare earth) elements
answer
element in which the 4f subshell is only partially occupied
question
actinide elements
answer
element in which the 5f orbitals are only partially occupied
question
f-block metals
answer
lanthanide and actinide elements in which the 4f and 5f orbitals are partially occupied
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New