Egypt SPICE Chart – Flashcards
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Elites --> Pharaohs (owned and ruled all), officials, scribes, warriors. Commoners --> peasants, merchants, artisans --> heavily taxed. Slaves --> Prisoners of war, debt, criminals
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Social
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Women --> Patriarchy but DISTINCTION BASED ON CLASS NOT GENDER
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Social
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Why Patriarchy?: More intensive farming. Higher birth rate --> women stay home . Warfare (women slaves and male prestige). Social complexities (specialists)-jobs outside home taken by men. Association with nature (men manipulate nature).
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Social
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Examples of patriarchy (not too severe): Women can inherit property, initiate divorce, jobs (merchants), female goddesses remain, occasionally female Pharaohs.
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Social
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Highly centralized state: Divine Pharaoh (beginning Chief Minister --> top adviser to Pharaoh and overseer of Egyptian state Provincial governors --> taxes, agriculture, defense
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Political
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Cities are less important: People not attached to any city --> most live in villages due to geographic security --> positive outlook on life/afterlife
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Political
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Collapse
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Political
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Collapse: Hyskos and Assyrians --> conquer due to better weapons (iron) and tactics (horse-drawn chariot)
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Political
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Geography
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Interactions
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Nile River --> fertile, predictable
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Interactions
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1000 years of peace and stability due to geographic barriers and security (deserts and mtns) --> positive perception of life/afterlife
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Interactions
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Public Works
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Cultural
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Public Works: Pyramids --> power and religious significance of Pharaohs
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Cultural
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Religion
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Cultural
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Religion: Polytheistic Book of the Dead --> ways and rules to getting into good afterlife
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Cultural
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Education
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Cultural
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Education: Hieroglyphics --> writing system --> government recording easier = taxes, history, trade, etc. Innovations --> 365 calendar, medicine (surgery, bone setting), math, astronomy
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Cultural
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Agricultural Base: Wheat and Barley
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Economic
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Trade
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Economic
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Extensive networks of trade with: Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Exchanged gold, ivory, cotton, olive oil, wood, silver, copper, bronze, paper
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Economic
