Educational Psychology Test 1 (Martin) – Flashcards
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teacher's sense of efficacy.
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Javier emigrated from Mexico with his family and is starting third grade with minimal ability to speak English. Mrs. Foster can't wait to see how much progress Javier will make in her class this year. This seems to be evidence of:
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Teachers' sense of efficacy
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defined as a teacher's belief that he or she can reach even difficult students to help them learn. This confident belief appears to be one of the few personal characteristics of teachers that predict student achievement
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All students
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According to the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, which children were required to reach proficiency and meet adequate yearly performance goals?
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The NCLB Act
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required all students to reach proficiency by the end of the 2013-2014 school year. Schools also had to develop AYP goals and report scores separately for several groups, including racial and ethnic minority students, students with disabilities, students whose first language is not English, and students from low-income homes.
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Johana (Effective teachers who establish positive relationships with their students appear to be a powerful force in those students' lives. Students who have problems seem to benefit the most from good teaching)
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Many studies indicate that teacher-student relationships and the quality of teaching make a difference. Based on findings from such studies, which of the following children is likely to benefit most from good teaching? a. Jorge is in the first grade and likes math but does not like to participate in reading group, though he's a good reader. b. Kellie, in kindergarten, seems to be advanced for her age. She is reading books and working first grade math. c. Dwayne is in the first grade and loves school, especially when he gets to work in groups with his friends or at centers with hands-on activities. d. Johana is in kindergarten and exhibits behavior problems that include difficulty paying attention and regulating her attention-getting behaviors.
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Danielson's Framework for Teaching
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Mr. Tanaka has accepted a teaching job in a new district. In his interview, he learned that he will be evaluated on 22 components of knowledge and skills in four domains of teaching responsibilities. Which of the following models of good teaching is most likely being used in his district's teacher evaluation system?
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Danielson's Framework for Teaching
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Has four domains or areas of responsibility: Planning and Preparation, Classroom Environment, Instruction, and Professional Responsibilities. Each domain is further divided into components. Each of these 22 components is further divided into elements. The evaluation system then goes on to define four levels of proficiency for each of the 22 components
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John Dewey, founder of the Laboratory School at the University of Chicago
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From the beginning, psychology in the United States was linked to teaching. Among the early psychologists in this country, which leader is respected as the father of the progressive education movement?
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Experimental
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Marisa Campala is conducting research with fifth grade teachers in diverse classrooms. One group of teachers uses English and Spanish to greet students each morning and other teachers maintain their regular greetings in English. What type of research is Marisa most likely conducting?
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Experimental Research
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Studies allow educational psychologists to go beyond predictions and actually study cause and effect. Instead of just observing and describing an existing situation, the investigators introduce changes and note the results.
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Longitudinal
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Dr. Casey studied the effects of a particular after-school tutoring program on the academic achievement of children in extreme poverty in his state from preschool through fifth grade. What type of research is involved in such a study?
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Longitudinal Studies
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Many things that psychologists want to study, such as cognitive development, happen over several months or years. Ideally, researchers would study the development by observing their subjects over many years as changes occur.
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Quantitative
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Dr. Sullivan conducts research that involves measuring the amount of change in student scores on state math tests at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year for students in top teachers' classrooms. What type of research is Dr. Sullivan conducting?
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Quantitative Research
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This research uses numbers, measurement, and statistics to assess levels or sizes of relationships among variables or differences between groups. Both correlational and experimental types of research generally are quantitative because measurements are taken and computations are made.
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Action
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Ms. Markham is conducting a study in her classroom. She wants to determine whether students perform better on a concepts test after using a mini-lecture approach or after engaging in a group activity. What type of research is she conducting?
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Action Research
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This research involves systematic observations or tests of methods conducted by teachers or schools to improve teaching and learning for their students.
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Hypothesis
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Mr. Grant is a reflective teacher who is always trying to improve his teaching practices to increase student learning. He has conducted several research projects and changed teaching strategies on the basis of the results. In his latest reflections, he predicted that his low-achieving students would complete their spelling tasks in less time and score higher on spelling tests if he began using a buddy system. In the research cycle, Mr. Grant has developed:
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act
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The first legislative action to impact education in the United States was:
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National Governors Association and State Superintendents of Education
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The Common Core State Standards were developed by
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Study learners, learning, and teaching
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The purpose of Educational Psychology in education is to
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Both qualitative and quantitative
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The kinds of research that are most beneficial to educators are:
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Mark
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Each of the following children is undergoing change. Which change is NOT defined as developmental? a. Julius is working on his batting skills and hit the ball farther today. b. Cait left out several steps in the process of conducting the lab experiment, but she understands what she did wrong and is redoing the experiment. c. Mark is walking carefully on one foot while his sprained ankle heals. d. Davarko has learned enough English to introduce himself and meet other students.
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Critical versus sensitive periods
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Kim heard her grandmother speak Mandarin from the time she was born. Her adopted brother never heard Mandarin as a baby or as a child. As Kim grows up, she is more likely than her adopted brother to produce native sounds in Mandarin. This illustrates which of the three ongoing debates surrounding development?
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Assimilation
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Bryan went to the zoo with his first grade class. At the zoo, he saw alligators for the first time. He had never even seen pictures of alligators, but called them big-mouthed snakes. What basic tendency of thinking is Bryan using?
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Assimilation
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Involves fitting new information into existing schemes. Bryan fit the new information of encountering alligators into his existing scheme for snakes.
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Adolescent Egocentrism
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Sierra walked into class late and felt quite embarrassed. To make matters worse, she was having a bad hair day and felt like all eyes were on her, judging her, and rejecting her. Her thinking can be described as:
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Adolescent Egocentrism
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The assumption that everyone else shares one's thoughts, feelings, and concerns. This leads to the sense of an imaginary audience or the feeling that everyone is watching.
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Vygotsky
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Mrs. Strasbourg made the following statement to her students. "Learning is an active process. Your learning leads you to higher levels of development. I will be working with you, guiding you to more advanced thinking this year. And you will be working together, learning from one another." Which theorist or theorists most likely agree with Mrs. Strasbourg's statement?
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Vygotsky
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He believed that learning is an active process. He saw learning as a tool in development—learning pulls development up to higher levels and social interaction is a key in learning. Vygotsky's belief that learning pulls development to higher levels and more advanced thinking means that other people, including teachers, play a significant role in cognitive development.
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The frontal lobe doesn't develop until the 20s
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Riley is typically a rule follower who doesn't cause trouble. He's on the football team, has a good reputation, and likes school. In his tenth grade year, he has started going out with the guys after football games on Friday nights. Now he's breaking rules, taking risks, and doing things that his younger self labeled as stupid and reckless. Based on what we know about brain development, what explains Riley's behavior?
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In his zone of proximal development
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Nick is doing his sixth grade homework in history. The task requires him to make two maps of his state and compare the two maps. One map represents the state in 1850 and the other represents the state in current times. Nick is working at the task, following the instructions, and feeling that he can complete it successfully. He does need to ask the teacher one question before he finishes. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship of this assignment to Nick's level of performance?
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Paige's self-talk serves a positive self-guiding function
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Paige talks out loud to herself as she gets her backpack ready for school. She doesn't want to forget anything important. What would Vygotsky most likely say about Paige's behavior?
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C
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When did Ms. Carlson expect her students to use formal operational thinking? a. Ms. Carlson asked students to create mind maps representing their understanding of the organization of the state government. b. Ms. Carlson instructed students to use the note-taking strategy they learned earlier to make notes during a guest lecturer's presentation. c. Ms. Carlson asked students to think of metaphors for the current state of the economy in the U.S. d. Ms. Carlson told students to share their summary of the story with their partner and compare perceptions.
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Formal Operations
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Mental tasks involving abstract thinking and coordination of a number of variables. For students to think of metaphors for the current state of the economy, they must consider a number of variables about the economy and make abstract comparisons
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Social transmission, maturation, and acting on the environment
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According to Piaget, three factors interact to influence cognitive development. What are the three factors?
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"What do you like to do during recess?"
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Robyn is meeting her teachers on the first day of fifth grade. Based on questions they asked her, which one of Robyn's teachers seems to understand appropriateness of the use of labels and language associated with differences in abilities and disabilities?
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I have four students with special needs in my classroom
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Which of the following teachers uses preferred language? a. My class is diverse. I have one autistic student and several special education students. b. Mr. Simms is teaching several learning disabled students. c. I have four students with special needs in my classroom. d. I've taught epileptic children, so I'm familiar with their needs.
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Paige
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Which of the following tasks or processes primarily involves bodily-kinesthetic intelligence? a. Carlos writes song lyrics and music for his band. b. Paige demonstrated the steps for pitching a softball with precision. c. Monroe usually finishes his geometry assignments before anyone else in class. d. Cayla drew the map for her group's project.
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Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
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The ability to control body movements and know where your body is in space and the ability to handle objects skillfully. Paige demonstrates the bodily movements for handling a softball and pitching with skill and precision.
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
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Delmar has been diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, and Shiloh has a visual impairment. What legislation guarantees a free public education to these and all other children with disabilities?
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Inclusion classroom
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Mrs. Frasier describes her classroom. "I have 21 students. Seven are English learners. Four stay in my class only part of the time. One has a hearing impairment and works with a signer, and one has an autism spectrum disorder." Which of the following terms best fits Mrs. Frasier's description of her class?
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Parents, teachers, school psychologist, and the assistant principal
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DeWayne, a ninth grade student, has a learning disability. The team that develops his individualized education program is most likely made up of:
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IEP (individualized education program)
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This program is drawn up by a team that includes the student's parents or guardians, a general education teacher who works with the student, a special education teacher, a representative of the school district (often the principal), a qualified person who can interpret the student's evaluation results (often a school psychologist), and (if appropriate) the student
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Visual Cues
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Cass has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). She and two of the boys in her class have ADHD. Which of the following strategies should the teacher use to help these students in the classroom? a. Avoid giving them choices and eliminate recess to reduce their level of activity. b. Increase the amount of homework and decrease the amount of seatwork for these students. c. Explain to the class that these students are taking Ritalin and need to be allowed to walk around the classroom. d. Use visual cues to help them focus and teach them self-monitoring skills.
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100
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Average intelligence with an IQ test score is:
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Germaine
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Which teacher seems to have the right idea about the interpretation and use of IQ test scores? a. Monnie's score is 2 points higher than Phil's, so I expect greater achievement from her. b. Deloris took the IQ test with her class in fourth grade, so I know I can trust the accuracy of her score. c. Germaine's score of 94 suggests that he may struggle, but I need to look at other indicators as well. d. Kevin's IQ is 97, so I know not to expect higher achievement from him than the measure of his innate intelligence.
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Teacher A
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Which of the following teachers seems to have the most appropriate understanding of learning styles? a. I try to present instruction in multiple modalities. For example, I use pictures, charts, and maps along with printed text and verbal instruction. b. Every year I give my students a learning styles inventory to help them understand their best way of learning and to increase their learning. c. I divide my students into verbal and auditory groups on the basis of their learning styles and teach according to their styles. d. Based on research about learning preferences, I recommend that students use their preferred style and avoid their weaker styles in order to learn more.
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Tatum
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Which of the following children in Ms. Fernandez's class is probably protected by Section 504 (a part of civil rights law) but not covered by IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)? a. Afton has an emotional disturbance, cries often, and has vocal outbursts occasionally. b. Jeremy was born with intellectual disability and struggles to learn. c. Hal has a learning disability and needs to listen to recordings of his texts in addition to trying to read. d. Tatum broke her leg and needs crutches for several weeks.
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An Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Alonso is a student in Ms. Carmike's kindergarten class. She has noticed that Alonso avoids eye contact, and she tells him to look at her when she talks to him. She also notices that he seems uninterested in the other children, always closes the classroom door when it is left open, and uses unusual speech patterns. She suspects that Alonso has:
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Method C
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Tyler, a sixth grade student, has emotional problems, and his aggressive behavior toward other students in class is particularly challenging for Ms. Ramsey today. Which of the following methods of dealing with Tyler's behavior is recommended? a. Move Tyler's desk into the hallway and tell him to work away from the other students for the remainder of the day. b. Assign demerits and tell Tyler he cannot do anything to clear the demerits this grading period. c. Use a written behavior contract in which Tyler writes the inappropriate behavior he exhibited and the appropriate behavior he should exhibit. d. Remove Tyler from the group, assign him a grade of zero, and tell him to complete a make-up assignment as homework.
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Microsystem
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Selena's parents divorced recently, and Selena is having difficulty adjusting to the changes in her life. According to Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, which of Selena's social/cultural systems is most directly affected?
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Microsystem
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family, friends, school activities, teacher
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Permissive
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Mr. Lytle called Brenna's mother to discuss Brenna's classroom behavior and get parental support to help Brenna learn self-control. Brenna uses aggressive behavior to get her way, and today she pushed Liam and caused him to fall. Mr. Lytle instructed Brenna to take time out from the group, and he talked to her privately. Brenna's mother responded to Mr. Lytle by saying, "Brenna's that way. She doesn't realize how strong she is. She's really a sweet girl. She'll grow out of it." The parenting style in Brenna's microsystem is most likely:
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Rejected Withdrawn
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One of the girls in Mr. Kent's class is shy and has difficulty making friends. Her social skills are immature and awkward. She usually walks to class alone, holds her head down, avoids contact with other students, and tries not to speak up in class. Based on the categories of children's popularity, this girl's behavior fits which category?
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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Levi is like most other children in elementary school, learning new skills and coming to some understanding of his abilities in comparison to the abilities of peers. At this stage of psychosocial development, which developmental crisis is Levi learning to resolve?
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Statement D
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Which of the following quotes is a statement of self-concept? a. I remember the first day of high school when I didn't know anyone else or have a clue about what to do or where to go. b. I plan to go to college and major in music, but I don't know what I'll do after that. c. I don't have very many books on my shelves because I don't like to read paper copies. d. I'm not good at solving interpersonal conflicts, but I am good at solving math problems.
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Adult B
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Which adult seems to be well informed and have the right idea about children's handedness? a. "You don't want Alissa to be left-handed. Encourage her to use her right hand." b. "Stop trying to make Aden right-handed. Handedness is genetic." c. "Leave Michelle alone. It's too late to change her handedness." d. Teach Mark to use both hands equally. If you train him early, he'll do just as well right-handed as left-handed.
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Tanner
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Child obesity and eating disorders are growing problems in the U.S. Several of Mr. Thomas's middle school students fit these categories. Which of his students most likely shows signs of anorexia? a. Tanner, a gymnast, is a fanatic about exercise and has lost a lot of weight during the six months since school started. Mr. Thomas rarely sees him at lunch. b. Brit seems to be on an emotional roller coaster. Mr. Thomas has noticed that one day she may gorge on her lunch, a friend's lunch, and extra snacks, but other days she skips lunch. c. Carson is painfully thin. In class photos, he appears to be the thinnest boy in his class every year. When Mr. Thomas visits the lunchroom, he sees Carson eating a regular school lunch every day. d. Shawna is about thirty pounds overweight and is always on a diet. She tells Mr. Thomas that she has tried one diet after another but nothing has worked for her.
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Macrosystem
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Nine-year-old Connor is curious about technology and wants to become an engineer. Due to changes in No Child Left Behind legislation, his school received a large grant that funds a special technology program. Connor is particularly excited to be one of the participants in the program. According to Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, the legislative changes took place in which social/cultural ecosystem?
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Autonomy
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Cultural differences influence variations in parenting styles. Researchers who study parenting in cultures other than European American families find that warmth and control are not the only significant factors to consider. For example, researchers have found that Latino parenting adds the dimension of: a. levels of showing respect. b. levels of granting autonomy. c. levels of resolving conflict. d. levels of imposing punishment.
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Report the situation to the principal and discuss further follow-up
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After recess, Cooper tells Mrs. Morris that Jeremy has cigarette burns on his chest and goes on to say that Jeremy says his mom's boyfriend did that to him last night. Mrs. Morris asks Jeremy to come with her to the nurse's office, and there she confirms the cigarette burns and the story. What is the best way for Mrs. Morris to follow up at this point?
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Jaclyn
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Which of the following students is LEAST likely to cheat on the upcoming calculus test? a. Skylar is focused on performance goals in calculus class and is determined to make a good grade. b. Ramon's dad cheats on his taxes, but he has taught his son to do his best, be satisfied with his best, and never cheat on tests. c. Jaclyn wants to get accepted into a special math program, so she's interested in learning calculus as preparation for more difficult math challenges. d. Mark is taking calculus only because his mom insisted, but he doesn't really care about his grade.
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Action B
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Ms. Costello suspects that several of her students cheat on assignments and tests. What actions might she take if she wants to reduce the temptation for students to cheat in her classroom? a. Keep pressure on students by maintaining specified time constraints on assignments and tests. b. Assign reasonable workloads that challenge students without causing them to feel overwhelmed. c. Avoid creating an environment of distrust that develops when teachers monitor students closely during tests. d. Encourage students to pursue performance goals and keep their grades high to increase the likelihood of acceptance into the university of their choice.
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The four stages of Cognitive Development
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(Piaget) Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Formal Operational
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Vygotsky
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There is a strong connection between learning language and the development of thinking. Who said it?
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Vygotsky
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Social and cultural factors are influential in the development of intelligence. Who said it?
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Zone of Proximal Learning
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(Vygotsky) the magic learning zone in between what the learner already knows and and what they are not yet ready to learn
