question

1A

answer

...

question

T/F: Anthropologists study only non-Western cultures.

answer

False

question

T/F: A descent group only consists of a married couple and their children.

answer

False

question

T/F: Only people living in the industrialized, capitalist countries of western Europe and the United States are ethnocentric.

answer

False

question

T/F: Since bands lack formal laws, they have no means of settling disputes.

answer

False

question

T/F: In tribal societies, the village head leads by example and through persuasion; he lacks the ability to force people to do things.

answer

True

question

T/F: Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

answer

True

question

T/F: With generalized reciprocity, the individuals participating in an exchange usually do not know each other.

answer

False

question

T/F: Taboos against incest prevent it from ever occurring in human societies.

answer

False

question

T/F: Endogamy is the practice of seeking a mate within one's own group.

answer

True

question

T/F: States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population movements.

answer

True

question

T/F: Cross-cultural studies of foraging societies indicate that women never hunt or fish.

answer

False

question

T/F: Gender stratification tends to be extreme in patrilineal-patrilocal societies.

answer

True

question

T/F: The term enculturation refers to the process through which children and others learn culture.

answer

True

question

T/F: The specific roles assigned to each gender vary from culture to culture.

answer

True

question

T/F: Cross-culturally, there are only two specific genders.

answer

False

question

1B

answer

...

question

T/F: The term enculturation refers to the process through which children and others learn culture.

answer

True

question

T/F: According to anthropologists, cultures eventually become fixed traditions and stop changing.

answer

False

question

T/F: Horticulture refers to low-intensity, non-industrialized farming, including the use of slash-and-burn techniques.

answer

True

question

T/F: Band leaders occupy official offices and are able to force other band members to obey their commands.

answer

False

question

T/F: Shame and gossip are the only methods of social control in band-level societies.

answer

False

question

T/F: Your nuclear family includes you, your parents, and your grandparents.

answer

False

question

T/F: Phonemes refer to gestures people use to emphasize their spoken communication.

answer

False

question

T/F: With generalized reciprocity, the individuals participating in an exchange usually do not know each other.

answer

False

question

T/F: Societies with the same adaptive strategy/subsistence practice also tend to have comparable modes of production/economic systems.

answer

True

question

T/F: A descent group only consists of a married couple and their children.

answer

False

question

T/F: The specific roles assigned to each gender vary from culture to culture.

answer

True

question

T/F: Members of a clan can claim (but cannot demonstrate) descent from a common apical ancestor.

answer

True

question

T/F: With patrilineal descent, a person recognizes descent/kinship through both parents.

answer

False

question

T/F: Your family of procreation is the one in which you were born.

answer

False

question

T/F: Anthropologists have found that the incest taboo is a nearly universal phenomenon.

answer

True

question

2A

answer

...

question

T/F: Multicultural societies are the opposite of those who focus on cultural assimilation.

answer

True

question

T/F: All rituals occur in sacred contexts.

answer

False

question

T/F: In Brazil, a person's phenotype and racial label may change due to environmental factors such as sunlight.

answer

True

question

T/F: "Hispanic" is a racial category referring to people who are biologically descended from indigenous Central or South American populations.

answer

False

question

T/F: In a rite of passage, people experiencing liminality together form a community of equals.

answer

True

question

T/F: The burakumin constitute an isolated breeding population that is genetically distinct from the majority Japanese population.l

answer

False

question

T/F: Gene flow between populations tends to prevent speciation.

answer

True

question

T/F: A species is a group of organisms who can interbreed, but their offspring generally are sterile and cannot reproduce.

answer

False

question

T/F: Uniformitarianism states that the natural forces at work today, such as the formation of mountain ranges, are more or less the same as those that operated in the past.

answer

True

question

T/F: A phenotypic adaptation, for example tanning in light-skinned people, is a short-term physiological response to changes in the environment.

answer

True

question

2B

answer

...

question

T/F: No hypodescent rule developed in Brazil.

answer

True

question

T/F: In population genetic terms, a population is a group of organisms who regularly interbreed with each other.

answer

True

question

T/F: Communitas is the strong feeling of collective unity shared by individuals at the core of society, who define themselves in opposition to the society's liminal members.

answer

False

question

T/F: Racial categories in Japan are more rigid than those in Brazil.

answer

True

question

T/F: Full-time priests are often found in band-level foraging societies.

answer

False

question

T/F: Rites of passage involve three phases: separation, liminality, and totemism.

answer

False

question

T/F: Totems of natural species (plants, animals, etc.) are used to symbolize common identity amongst different groups.

answer

True

question

T/F: Humans use both biological and cultural means to adapt to new environments.

answer

True

question

T/F: Phenotypic variety within a population is the only necessary condition for natural selection to operate.

answer

False

question

T/F: Most of our genetic information is held in our chromosomes

answer

True

question

3A

answer

...

question

T/F: Both Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus anamensis appear to have been bipedal.

answer

False

question

T/F: Primate fossils dating from the Oligocene have only been found in Africa.

answer

False

question

T/F: The earliest primates represented in the fossil record were similar to living prosimians.

answer

True

question

T/F: Overlapping fields of vision (stereoscopic vision) improves depth perception.

answer

True

question

T/F: Compared with H. habilis, H. erectus was using more and increasingly efficient types of tools.

answer

True

question

T/F: Early states had productive farming economies.

answer

True

question

T/F: Neandertals had an average brain size about the same as, or larger than, modern humans.

answer

True

question

T/F: Paleoindians used spears tipped with Clovis points to hunt large game in North America.

answer

True

question

T/F: Only two hominin groups, H. sapiens neanderthalensis and H. sapiens sapiens, have ever lived in the Americas.

answer

False

question

T/F: Homo floresiensis was a giant hominin that lived in Europe during the interglacial periods.

answer

False

question

T/F: A reliance on protein-based foods is the ecological niche of H. erectus that separated them from plant-eating H. habilis.

answer

True

question

T/F: Early states lacked social classes.

answer

False

question

T/F: During the warmer period after the end of the Würm glaciation (the last Ice Age), human groups broadened their subsistence strategies in order to exploit a greater variety of plant and animal species.

answer

True

question

T/F: Unlike in the Old World, few large animals were ever domesticated in the New World.

answer

True

question

T/F: The earliest known stone tools belong to the Acheulian tradition.

answer

False

question

3B

answer

...

question

T/F: Decreasing brain size is a continuous trend in hominin evolution.

answer

False

question

T/F: The catarrhines include Old World monkeys and hominoids.

answer

True

question

T/F: Bipedalism may have developed among early hominins as an adaptation to the cooler conditions of the ice ages.

answer

False

question

T/F: Primates are characterized by a high level of parental investment, because most primates give birth to a single offspring.

answer

True

question

T/F: Throughout primate evolution, the sense of smell has increased and vision has diminished in significance.

answer

False

question

T/F: The earliest state-level civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia.

answer

True

question

T/F: Tarsiers are difficult to classify taxonomically since they are physically similar to prosimians but are genetically similar to anthropoids.

answer

True

question

T/F: The DNA of the Denisovans suggests that they interbred with anatomically-modern H. sapiens.

answer

True

question

T/F: Early state-level civilizations lacked social stratification.

answer

False

question

T/F: Unlike the Mousterian, which included a great variety of stone tool types, Upper Paleolithic tool traditions included only a few kinds of implements.

answer

False

question

T/F: H. erectus was the first hominin to control fire.

answer

True

question

T/F: The Neanderthals migrated to the New World across the Bering land bridge.

answer

False

question

T/F: The genus Homo did not appear until after all of the australopithecines had become extinct

answer

False

question

T/F: H. erectus was the first hominin species to expand outside of Africa, eventually colonizing Europe and Asia.

answer

True

question

T/F: Mesoamerica and Peru did not have "civilization" until it was introduced by the Spanish in the 16th century.

answer

False

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