Ecology Unit Test Study Guide – Flashcards
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Ecosystem
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A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
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Population
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A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
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Community
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A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other
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Organism
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An individual living thing
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Symbiosis
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A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.
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Mutualism
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A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
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Commensalism
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A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
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Parasitism
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A relationship between two species in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed
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Predator
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An animal that naturally preys on others
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Prey
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An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
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Biome
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A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
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Producer
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An organism that can make its own food.
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Decomposer
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An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms
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Consumer
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An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
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Omnivore
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An animal that eats both plants and animals
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Carnivore
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Organism that obtains energy by eating animals
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Herbivore
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A consumer that eats only plants.
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Nutrient Cycle
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The movement of materials (nutrients) in a local ecosystem
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Carbon
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a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis.
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Water
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H2O
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Nitrogen
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The most abundant gas in the atmosphere
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Carrying Capacity
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Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
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Limiting Factor
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Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.
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Biotic
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Living parts of an ecosystem
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Abiotic
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A term that describes a nonliving factor in an ecosystem.
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Trophic Levels
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levels of nourishment in a food chain
