question

Radioactive waste from the Hanford Plant in Washington leaked 150 square miles into

answer

soil, sediment, groundwater, and air.

question

Current development and construction of nuclear power plants is occurring mostly in

answer

Asia

question

Type of reactor that uses the hydrogen isotope, deuterium, in the coolant water.

answer

heavy-water reactor

question

What radioactive isotope is generally used to fuel a controlled nuclear chain reaction?

answer

uranium 235

question

In what two countries have nuclear power accidents had the greatest effect on people's attitudes towards safety?

answer

United States and Ukraine

question

In which of the following does carbon dioxide serve as coolant for a graphite-moderated core?

answer

gas-cooled reactor

question

Material that absorbs the energy from neutrons released by fission.

answer

moderator

question

Uranium mining and milling waste contains low levels of

answer

radioactive materials.

question

Which of the following will be placed in underground tunnels at Yucca Mountain, Nevada?

answer

high-level radioactive waste

question

Biological damage may be caused by beta or __________ radiation.

answer

gamma

question

After the Chernobyl explosion in 1986, opposition to nuclear power rose in the United States from

answer

67 to 78%.

question

One of the greatest terrorism-related nuclear threats is from

answer

dirty bombs.

question

__________ is a controversial location proposed as a repository for long-term storage of nuclear waste in the United States.

answer

Carlsbad, New Mexico

question

Type of electromagnetic radiation that comes from disintegrating atomic nuclei.

answer

gamma radiation

question

Choose the correct sequence of steps in the nuclear fuel cycle.

answer

fabrication, enrichment, reprocessing

question

Decontamination and disassembly of a nuclear power plant.

answer

decommissioning

question

Radiation consisting of electrons released from the nuclei of many fissionable atoms.

answer

beta radiation

question

The first goal for developing nuclear energy was to

answer

produce bombs.

question

Measure of the biological damage to tissue caused by radiation.

answer

rem

question

Radiation consisting of a particle with two neutrons and two protons.

answer

alpha radiation

question

Energy that travels through space in the form of waves or particles.

answer

radiation

question

Waste consisting of various isotopes of plutonium.

answer

transuranic waste

question

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy released from nuclear disintegration?

answer

delta

question

Biological effects of ionizing radiation include

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The Hanford plutonium and uranium production facility

answer

was responsible for one of the largest and most complex environmental cleanup sites in the United States.

question

All nuclear reactors contain all of the following EXCEPT

answer

a fusion breeder.

question

Naturally occurring radioactive isotope used in nuclear reactors.

answer

U-235

question

Which of the following reactors produces heat and a new supply of the radioactive isotope, Pu-239?

answer

boiling-water reactor

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of the nuclear fuel cycle?

answer

gas cooling of the reactor

question

What type of cancer in children has now been found to be associated with Chernobyl?

answer

thyroid

question

As fission occurs in a nuclear reactor the concentration of U-235 atoms

answer

decreases

question

Time it takes for half of the radioactive material to decompose.

answer

radioactive half-life

question

What is the name of the process in which the fuel is removed from a nuclear plant, its surfaces are cleaned, and people are permanently prevented from coming in contact with the building?

answer

decommissioning

question

As of 2006 there were ____ nuclear power plants under construction in eleven countries.

answer

24

question

Waste heat that industry generates.

answer

thermal pollution

question

Which of the following cancers is strongly linked to increased radiation exposure?

answer

leukemia

question

Radioactive waste is categorized in _____ general categories.

answer

4

question

Which one of the following processes involves increasing the U-235 content of the ore from 0.7% to 3%?

answer

enrichment

question

Union of smaller nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.

answer

nuclear fusion

question

Genetic diversity is influenced by which of the following?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Biodiversity is a broad term used to describe the

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Salmon introduction in the Great Lakes has brought in millions of dollars from sportfishing, yet environmentally it has

answer

decreased native fish populations and disrupted spawning.

question

Which is the greatest cause of extinction?

answer

habitat alteration

question

Which harvesting method allows cutting of mature trees without damaging the forest?

answer

selective harvesting

question

Process of replanting an area after the original trees are removed.

answer

reforestation

question

Which of the following factors is NOT characteristic of a species likely to become extinct?

answer

generalized niche

question

The productivity of ecosystems depends on policy choices relating to

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Species are more likely to become extinct if they

answer

have both a low population density and reproductive rate.

question

Over the past few hundred years, humans have increased the species extinction rate by as much as

answer

1000 times.

question

Those species that are present in such small numbers that they are in jeopardy of becoming extinct.

answer

endangered species

question

The Endangered Species Act of 1973

answer

gave the federal government jurisdiction over any species that were designated as endangered.

question

Which of the following is NOT a technique for managing wildlife?

answer

introduction of exotic species

question

Extinction of a species in one area of its range is called

answer

local extinction.

question

Many migratory waterfowl

answer

mate in Canada and winter in Mexico.

question

__________ is an organization that certifies whether or not products are dolphin-safe.

answer

The Earth Island Institute

question

What happened to private landowners who had northern spotted owls nesting in their forests when the owl was declared a threatened species?

answer

The landowners were not allowed to cut any of their trees and sued for compensation.

question

Forest harvesting method in which individual high-value trees are removed from the forest, leaving the majority of the forest undisturbed.

answer

selective harvesting

question

Sport hunting seasons are regulated to the fall so that

answer

surplus animals are taken before the challenges of winter.

question

World fish harvests have remained constant since 1989 which indicates

answer

fisheries have been exploited to their capacity.

question

Impact to ecosystems from human activity has sometimes been referred to as

answer

"Engineered ecologies."

question

Complete extinction occurs when

answer

all individuals of a species are eliminated.

question

Pollution _____________ with population density.

answer

increases

question

Which of the following is an example of a species that is not likely to become extinct soon?

answer

rabbits

question

The reduced size of the California condor population is thought to have been caused by

answer

the extinction of large Ice Age mammals.

question

Which of the following do fish require for a healthy population?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

What invasive species is an external parasite of lake trout and decimated populations for more than 20 years?

answer

lamprey

question

Waterfowl present special wildlife management problems because

answer

they are migratory.

question

Term used to describe all of the different types of genes, species, and ecosystems in a particular region.

answer

biodiversity

question

Process of developing a new species.

answer

speciation

question

Elimination of all of the individuals of a species.

answer

extinction

question

Any change in the DNA of an organism.

answer

mutation

question

Environmental impacts from freshwater aquaculture include

answer

nutrient overload and escape of exotic species.

question

An individual can help to control the spread of invasive species by

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Those species that could become extinct if a critical factor in their environment were changed.

answer

threatened species

question

An example of a local growth management action would be

answer

to establish growth limits by restricting building permits.

question

The Green Building Council estimates that green building can reduce

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Development along transportation routes.

answer

ribbon sprawl

question

In the United States, what is one of the major uses of public land?

answer

outdoor recreation

question

What is the major problem in planning urban recreation facilities?

answer

location near residential areas

question

What is one mechanism used by states to encourage regional planning that results in environmental protection?

answer

land-use regulations

question

Large, regional urban center.

answer

megalopolis

question

A(n) ________________ is an effective tool for promoting efficient land use and establishing boundaries for development.

answer

urban growth limit

question

Lowland area on either side of a river.

answer

floodplain

question

What technology is available to assist citizens in participating in land-use planning decisions?

answer

sophisticated mapping programs called decision-support tools

question

Mass transportation systems are often underfunded because they are

answer

Only often crowded and uncomfortable and extremely expensive are correct.

question

Large-scale migration to cities was caused by which of the following?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Which of the following is a goal of urban transportation planning?

answer

None of these are correct.

question

Which of the following did NOT contribute to sprawl?

answer

Planners do not allow building on floodplains.

question

The United Nations projects that by 2008 the urban population will make up over ______ of the total Earth's population.

answer

½

question

Early towns were usually built

answer

near rivers, lakes, and oceans.

question

"Green buildings" have been built over the past few years using a standard called

answer

Both LEED and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.

question

Vacant urban industrial and commercial sites are referred to as

answer

brown fields.

question

The major problem on federal rangelands is

answer

overgrazing.

question

Which three developing countries have a city where the population is expected to grow more than 50% by 2015?

answer

India, Nigeria, and Pakistan

question

Which state has been very successful in controlling the negative impacts of urban growth?

answer

Hawaii

question

What is an example of a negative impact of urban sprawl in the United States?

answer

deteriorating infrastructure, poor schools, and a lack of affordable housing in inner city areas

question

A sustainable community seeks to protect and enhance the environment by

answer

valuing and protecting the diversity of nature.

question

Unplanned suburban growth.

answer

urban sprawl

question

Characteristics of a smart or sustainable community may include

answer

Both promoting economic success and seeking to protect and enhance the environment are true.

question

What is one mechanism used by states to encourage regional planning that results in environmental protection?

answer

land-use regulations

question

The 1872 Mining Law allows

answer

anyone to prospect for and claim minerals on public lands for $5.00.

question

Since 1940, the use of mass transit in North America has

answer

declined.

question

Construction of an orderly list of priorities for the use of available land.

answer

land-use planning

question

Which of the following encouraged suburban growth?

answer

rising automobile usage

question

Level area constructed on steep slopes for agricultural purposes.

answer

terrace

question

Which horizon has the highest amount of organic matter?

answer

A

question

Soil organic matter.

answer

humus

question

The way soil particles clump together.

answer

soil structure

question

By avoiding excessive tillage, soil quality is enhanced by

answer

minimizing loss of organic matter.

question

Soil quality management components include

answer

enhancing organic matter.

question

Two processes which chemically alter parent material are

answer

oxidation and hydrolysis.

question

Soil compaction

answer

reduces the amount of air, water, and space available to roots.

question

Soil erosion is linked to which of the following environmental issues?

answer

water pollution

question

Soil conservation or quality management practices include

answer

contour and strip farming.

question

Which country of the world has the greater percent of land suitable for agriculture?

answer

United States

question

Horizontal layer of soil.

answer

horizon

question

Land unsuitable for crops may be used for which of the following?

answer

All of these are correct

question

Which of the following is NOT a typical soil inhabitant?

answer

lichen

question

__________ increases the decomposition rate of organic matter.

answer

High temperatures

question

Process of breaking up large particles by physical forces.

answer

mechanical weathering

question

What is the importance of humus?

answer

It decreases pH.

question

Series of layers seen as one digs down into soil.

answer

soil profile

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of an initiative instituted by the U.S. Government in the 1930s in response to the drought and soil depletion of the Great Plains?

answer

The U.S. Army Corp of Engineers

question

Decaying organic material is called

answer

humus.

question

Ability of soil to crumble.

answer

friable

question

Method of tilling and planting at right angles to the slope.

answer

contour farming

question

_________ is added to soils to make them less acidic.

answer

Lime

question

What region of the world has the highest percent of soil degraded by human activity?

answer

Asia

question

Organisms affect the soil in which of the following ways?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Soil type with good drainage and texture that is ideal for agriculture.

answer

loam

question

Process of breaking up large particles by chemical reactions.

answer

chemical weathering

question

Which of the following is NOT a physical process affecting break down of parent material?

answer

drought

question

Land has characteristics that influence how it can be used, including

answer

soil, climate, and degree of slope.

question

What percent of the U.S. cropland requires no soil conservation practices?

answer

2%

question

In regions with _______, basic ions are leached from the soil and more acidic materials are left behind.

answer

high rainfall

question

Planting of trees to prevent wind erosion.

answer

windbreak

question

Which term describes the movement of large plates on the surface of the Earth?

answer

plate tectonics

question

Physical and chemical breakdown of materials involved in the breakdown of parent material into soil.

answer

weathering

question

Which of the following a typically a pioneer organism to colonize the surface of bare rocks?

answer

lichens

question

The major soil classification types in North America are

answer

grasslands, forests, and deserts.

question

Fertile soils have a balanced mixture that may contain

answer

All of these are correct

question

Organophosphates and carbamates work by

answer

interfering with an insect's nervous system.

question

DDT is a type of

answer

chlorinated hydrocarbon.

question

Boron, zinc, and manganese.

answer

micronutrients

question

Class of pesticides that kills fungi.

answer

fungicide

question

Biomagnification occurs most commonly in which organisms?

answer

All of these are correct

question

Pesticide that persists for a long period of time.

answer

hard pesticide

question

Which is a typical method used by organic farmers to control pests?

answer

predator or beneficial insects such as the ladybug (ladybird beetle)

question

Class of pesticides that interferes with normal nerve impulses.

answer

organophosphate

question

Kind of chemical that kills many different types of living things.

answer

biocide

question

If fertilizers are applied just before a heavy rain,

answer

nutrients are carried into streams and lakes and encourage unwanted plant growth.

question

Which of the following is a macronutrient?

answer

nitrogen

question

Chemical produced by one animal that changes the behavior of another.

answer

pheromone

question

Pesticide designed to kill mice, rats, and related organisms.

answer

rodenticide

question

"Organically grown" is a legally defined term which requires that

answer

All of these are correct

question

Increases in the amount of material at successively higher trophic levels.

answer

biomagnification

question

All of the following are benefits of organic farming and crop rotation as a sustainable agriculture method EXCEPT

answer

it can best help large-scale farmers.

question

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with pesticides?

answer

increased soil erosion

question

Which of the following is NOT an issue that for decades has impeded a long-term global solution to feeding the world's hungry?

answer

insufficient worldwide agricultural production capacity

question

Pesticide consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine.

answer

chlorinated hydrocarbon

question

Integrated pest management requires

answer

a complete knowledge of the pest's life history.

question

An unwanted plant.

answer

weed

question

Beneficial insects are used in agriculture because they

answer

prey on pest insects.

question

Pesticide that breaks down into harmless products in a few hours or days.

answer

soft pesticide

question

Genetically modified (GM) foods have been called

answer

frankenfoods

question

Sustainable agriculture utilizes methods that

answer

do not deplete soil, water, air, or wildlife resources.

question

Slash-and-burn practices contribute primarily to what environmental problem?

answer

deforestation

question

People that oppose the use of GMOs argue that

answer

no long-term studies have been done to ensure safety.

question

Genetically modified organisms are created by

answer

inserting pieces of DNA, which will result in pest or disease resistance in a crop.

question

An environmental problem associated with pesticide use in the former Soviet Union is

answer

contamination of baby food with nitrates and pesticides.

question

Pesticide resistance is

answer

pesticide tolerant individuals who survive and reproduce, which makes the pesticide less effective for future pest generations.

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of a perfect pesticide?

answer

All of these are correct

question

Plant hormone that stimulates growth.

answer

auxin

question

Advocates of GMOs argue that

answer

this method offers promise for solving world hunger problems by increasing crop production.

question

A permeable layer in an artesian aquifer.

answer

aquitard

question

What percent of sewage is treated in North America?

answer

90%

question

What may be the effect of toxic chemicals on humans?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The amount of oxygen required to decompose organic matter is called

answer

BOD.

question

Pollution from a single pipe or series of pipes.

answer

point source

question

In the United States and Europe, the top use of water is for

answer

industry.

question

Method of disposing of solid waste that involves burying the waste.

answer

landfills

question

Saltwater intrusion occurs when

answer

groundwater pumped from wells along the coastline causes saline groundwater to move inland.

question

Water intended for human consumption is referred to as

answer

drinking water.

question

Worldwide, there is a relationship between the price of water and the amount consumed as the price

answer

increases and water use decreases.

question

In the United States, two agencies set the drinking water standards... one of which is the

answer

Food and Drug Administration.

question

What two land uses result in substantial wetland loss in the United States?

answer

urban development and agriculture

question

The vegetable basket of the United States in central California has what water problem?

answer

groundwater depletion

question

Pressurized aquifer intersecting the surface from which water gushes without being pumped.

answer

artesian aquifer

question

Aquifer that usually occurs near the land's surface.

answer

unconfined aquifer

question

Diffuse pollutants, such as agricultural runoff that are not from a single source.

answer

nonpoint source

question

Which of these is an issue that commonly results in an international water dispute?

answer

quotas and water allocation to different stakeholder groups

question

The term used to indicate processes that remove chemicals and pathogens from water is

answer

purified

question

Pond created to hold liquid materials.

answer

surface impoundment

question

Unpolluted freshwater supplies are known as

answer

potable waters.

question

Eutrophication occurs when

answer

nutrient increase causes excessive plant growth.

question

A trickling filter system is generally used during which stage of sewage treatment?

answer

secondary

question

What is biochemical oxygen demand?

answer

amount of oxygen required to decay a certain amount of organic matter

question

Which of the following is a source of groundwater pollution?

answer

agricultural runoff

question

Most large urban areas depend on which of the following for their water supply?

answer

groundwater

question

An impermeable layer in an artesian aquifer.

answer

aquiclude

question

What two activities use the most water for a typical North American family of four?

answer

lawns and toilets

question

Plants in natural wetlands are able to remove _______ if sufficient river miles are undisturbed.

answer

nutrients

question

Worldwide, the top use of water is for

answer

agriculture.

question

Which nutrient(s) stimulates algae and aquatic plant growth?

answer

nitrates and phosphates

question

The largest watershed in the world is the

answer

Amazon

question

Which of the following removes larger particles from sewage by screening or settling?

answer

primary sewage treatment

question

Water supplies are distributed

answer

unequally around the world.

question

Removal of water from an aquifer faster than it is replaced.

answer

water table

question

Top of the layer of water in an aquifer.

answer

nonpoint source

question

The upper surface of shallow groundwater is called a(n)

answer

water table.

question

Which of these is a common contaminant of drinking water?

answer

nitrates from fertilizer and manures

question

Water is the most important "good" provided by freshwater systems for human uses such as

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The process by which the Earth's water cleanses itself through solar evaporation, precipitation, and infiltration is called

answer

hydrologic cycle.

question

Worldwide, what two agricultural practices result in contamination of water?

answer

fertilizer and pesticide use

question

In the United States, Las Vegas Nevada is one of the fastest growing population centers and this has resulted in

answer

Both an increase in demand for water and forcing the city to look for water farther away are correct.

question

Which of the following accounts for two-thirds of all human-caused marine oil pollution?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Aquifer that is bound on the top and bottom by confining layers.

answer

confined aquifer

question

Which of the following is a source of groundwater contamination?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The main activity of the U.N. initiated Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is

answer

to provide regular intervals of assessments of climate change knowledge.

question

Who ultimately pays for the changes mandated by the 1990 Clean Air Act?

answer

consumers

question

The Clean Air Act

answer

set national ambient air quality standards for six pollutants.

question

The decline in arctic sea ice may be contributed to

answer

Both climate change and naturally occurring climate variability could be true.

question

The role of ozone in the atmosphere is to

answer

shield the Earth from radiation from ultraviolet light.

question

What is the function of a catalytic converter?

answer

It reduces lead and other metals.

question

Condition in which warm air is sandwiched between two layers of cold air.

answer

thermal inversion

question

Which of the following is not included in the energy policy initiatives of Germany to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions?

answer

All of the above are correct

question

Yellowish-brown haze that is the result of the interaction of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and sunlight

answer

photochemical smog

question

Pollutants produced by the interaction of primary pollutants and an energy source.

answer

secondary air pollutants

question

Accumulation of potential acid-forming particles on a surface.

answer

acid deposition

question

What is the name given to the accumulation of acid-forming particles on a surface?

answer

acid deposition

question

One of the IPCC reports provided much of the technical information which led to

answer

the Kyoto Protocol.

question

A significant loss of Arctic sea ice was first reported in 2005 by

answer

NASA

question

Particulate matter is a dangerous pollutant because it

answer

irritates the lining of the respiratory tract.

question

Air pollutant consisting of nitrogen and oxygen compounds.

answer

oxides of nitrogen

question

Gas emitted from certain kinds of rocks.

answer

radon

question

The number of smog days in the top ten most polluted cities has

answer

decreased to below 2 per year by 2000.

question

Which of these is listed by EPA as a criteria air pollutant?

answer

carbon monoxide

question

The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for enforcing the Clean Air Act to

answer

reduce emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds.

question

The principal framework for national, state, tribal, and local efforts to protect air quality in the U.S. is found in

answer

the Clean Air Act.

question

Molecule consisting of three atoms of oxygen.

answer

ozone

question

Nitrous oxides enter the atmosphere from fossil fuels and ___________.

answer

fertilizers.

question

The amount of lead released into the atmosphere

answer

has declined since the introduction of lead free gasoline.

question

Industrial dust and ash are considered

answer

particulates.

question

Even with the use of catalytic converters, nitrogen dioxide levels have not decreased significantly in the United States because of

answer

an increased number of cars and miles driven.

question

The chief source of chlorofluorocarbons in the environment is

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Photochemical smog forms when _________ and ________ are trapped by a thermal inversion and form ozone.

answer

hydrocarbons; oxides of nitrogen

question

Compound produced when sulfur-containing fossil fuels are burned.

answer

sulfur dioxide

question

Releasing pollutants into the air does not get rid of them but only

answer

dilutes and disperses them.

question

Types of unmodified materials released into the atmosphere.

answer

primary air pollutants

question

The most common source of carbon monoxide is from

answer

vehicles.

question

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion reached by the IPCC regarding global warming?

answer

There is a direct correlation between temperature increase and the amount of greenhouse gases.

question

To decrease exposure to second hand smoke, the EPA recommended that

answer

people not smoke in their homes or near children.

question

Which of the following chemicals is implicated in both global warming and ozone depletion?

answer

chlorofluorocarbons

question

Small pieces of solid material that are dispersed into the atmosphere.

answer

particulates.

question

Gas caps with air pollution control valves

answer

reduce hydrocarbon loss.

question

Property of carbon dioxide that allows light to enter but not leave the atmosphere.

answer

greenhouse effect

question

Which of the following is an adverse health effect from air pollution?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Lead levels fell by 94% in North America between 1982 and 2002 due to the

answer

elimination of leaded gasoline.

question

The Kyoto Protocol was an international agreement to

answer

set limits on carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases.

question

A common source of volatile organic compounds is

answer

vehicles.

question

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

answer

It binds with hemoglobin, reducing the blood's oxygen carry-capacity.

question

The major causes of water pollution in Louisiana are nutrients, sediment, and microorganisms. Which stakeholder group will be most affected by needed changes to make rivers fishable and swimmable?

answer

farmers.

question

Scrubbers, precipitators, and filters

answer

reduce particulate pollution.

question

Approximately ______ municipal solid waste landfills in the United States combust landfill gas to generate heat and electricity.

answer

400

question

The most common method of waste disposal is

answer

burying in landfills.

question

Method of disposing of solid waste by burning.

answer

incineration

question

Term used to describe a product which is used once and thrown away.

answer

disposable

question

In which method of composting are compostables formed into long rows and aerated?

answer

windrow composting

question

The management of municipal solid waste is directly affected by

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The greatest source of waste material today is

answer

yard waste.

question

Future management of municipal solid waste will be an integrated approach involving

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The United States and ________ are among the world's leaders in waste production.

answer

Canada

question

The notion that our economy demands ritualistic buying and use of goods.

answer

forced consumption

question

In Arizona, how is the recycling partnership between the city of Flagstaff and Northern Arizona University helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 1,128 metric tons per year?

answer

by using a recycling program to divert 21 tons of recyclable materials from the landfill

question

Agricultural waste is the _____ most common form of waste.

answer

second

question

Which countries account for 80-90% of the hazardous waste generated worldwide?

answer

OECD countries

question

Which of the following statements regarding the impact of landfills on water is correct?

answer

Landfills should have 2 or more liners along with a leachate collection system above and between liners.

question

Process of reclaiming a resource and reusing it.

answer

recycling

question

Organic material used to cover soil.

answer

mulch

question

Waste prevention is also known as

answer

source reduction

question

Mining waste is generated in _____ primary ways.

answer

three

question

Container deposit-refund programs are the original

answer

product stewardship programs.

question

Which of the following is a problem with solid waste disposal?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Which of the following is NOT a method of source reduction?

answer

use of PCV valves

question

One effect of the 1972 Oregon Bottle Bill was that

answer

beverage-container litter decreased by about 49 percent.

question

Reducing the amount of solid waste generated by using less.

answer

source reduction

question

The major problem with recycling plastics is

answer

the inability to mix plastics.

question

The most immediate problem resulting from the increase in solid waste is

answer

a shortage of space in landfills.

question

Waste produced by the residents of a community.

answer

municipal solid waste

question

Syndrome in which there is local opposition to the location of landfills and other sources of pollution.

answer

NIMBY

question

In a modern landfill, the water that leaches from the site

answer

is pumped into a leachate treatment system.

question

The purpose of state "bottle bills" is

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to reduce the amount of one-time-use beverage containers.

question

The type of chemical most routinely emitted from industrial sources is

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carcinogens.

question

Which industry produces the most toxic and hazardous wastes?

answer

chemical

question

Lead poisoning is an example of

answer

chronic toxicity.

question

What percent of Superfund sites have been cleaned-up in the United States?

answer

50%

question

Which of the following is NOT an objective of CERCLA?

answer

closing down the Superfund

question

The high number of physical and mental disorders in Japan in 1953 was caused by

answer

mercury poisoning.

question

CERCLA is also known as the

answer

Superfund.

question

Many states now ban the disposal of household computer screens in landfills and incinerators because

answer

they contain large amounts of lead, cadmium, and mercury.

question

Which country leads the world in hazardous waste generation?

answer

United States

question

What is the simplest way to deal with hazardous wastes?

answer

reduce, reuse, and recycle

question

Which of the following is an issue involved in setting regulations?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Which countries account for 80-90% of the hazardous waste generated worldwide?

answer

OECD countries

question

Which of the following addresses dump sites requiring urgent attention?

answer

National Priority List

question

The 1980 law that addressed the issue of cleanup of hazardous waste sites.

answer

CERCLA

question

ASTM International developed voluntary consensus standards for environmental site assessments known as

answer

Phase I ESA.

question

Property of materials which can cause danger to human health or the environment.

answer

toxicity

question

Substances that could endanger life if released into the environment.

answer

hazardous wastes

question

The two most common methods of hazardous waste disposal are

answer

incineration and land disposal.

question

A serious effect that occurs shortly after exposure to a hazardous substance.

answer

acute toxicity

question

New environmentally friendly green bullets will soon be used by the U.S. Army because the old bullets

answer

contained lead.

question

Listing of hazardous-waste dump sites requiring urgent attention.

answer

National Priority List

question

The Basel Convention

answer

All of these are correct.

question

What is the most commonly released toxic compound?

answer

copper

question

By-products of industrial or business activities are referred to as

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hazardous wastes.

question

Measure of toxicity or the dosage that will kill 50% of a tested population.

answer

LD 50

question

Most toxic waste comes from

answer

chemical and petroleum industries.

question

Which of the following hazardous waste management methods uses carbon absorption tanks?

answer

treatment

question

Interaction of materials that increases the potential for harm.

answer

synergism

question

Which of the following is considered a persistent pollutant?

answer

DDT

question

Ability to degrade standard materials.

answer

corrosiveness

question

Which term describes the level of exposure at which no test animals are affected?

answer

threshold level

question

A serious effect that occurs after prolonged exposure to small doses of a toxin.

answer

chronic toxicity

question

Manufacturing process that would reduce the waste produced.

answer

waste minimization

question

Which of the following is a type of hazardous waste disposal on land?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The major producers of hazardous waste are

answer

mining companies, power generating companies, and chemical and petrochemical industries.

question

Which of the following terms describes the tendency of a substance to explode?

answer

reactivity

question

Minimum amount of something required to cause measurable effects.

answer

threshold levels

question

Common name for CERCLA, which was designed to address hazardous waste sites.

answer

Superfund

question

In the U.S., "command and control" of governmental regulation began in the early 1970s with the creation of

answer

the EPA

question

Which of the following programs deals with the clean-up of hazardous waste sites?

answer

Superfunds

question

Which of the following is NOT part of the pollution prevention hierarchy?

answer

discharge into rivers and streams

question

The 1976 law that specifically addressed the issue of hazardous waste.

answer

RCRA

question

Portion of U.S. government responsible for development of laws.

answer

legislative branch

question

Resolution calling for constitutional protection of environmental rights.

answer

Environmental Quality Amendment

question

Gasoline taxes in the U.S. are ________ than those in the United Kingdom.

answer

less than

question

Of the 770 bird species that migrate to the U.S., over 350 species winter in

answer

Latin America.

question

Supporters of the "wise-use" of public lands include

answer

ranchers and loggers.

question

The accidental leaking of cyanide-laced water in northwestern Romania has become an international environmental security issue because

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Which of the following is a source of environmental degradation of Eastern Europe?

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The office of the President of the United States.

answer

executive branch

question

Which country has the most well-established Green Party?

answer

West Germany

question

In the U.S., it is thought that perhaps ____________ concerns and issues will become the political bridge of the future

answer

environmental

question

EPA enforcement options include

answer

fines, incarceration, and revoking an existing permit.

question

Failure to protect ecosystems contributed to massive loss of life in 2004 when a tsunami swept across the

answer

Indian Ocean.

question

What is the single event that put the environmental movement in gear?

answer

Earth Day

question

The notion that people have a right to clean air, water, and soil is part of the

answer

Environmental Quality Amendment.

question

An example of eco-terrorism is the

answer

dumping of millions of gallons of crude oil into the Persian Gulf.

question

The use of eco-labels on products for the promotion of rational consumption of scarce resources is an example of

answer

green consumerism.

question

Of the major environmental groups, which has the largest membership?

answer

National Wildlife Federation

question

One of the worst environmental catastrophes caused by a natural disaster hit the United States in 2005 when _____________ hit the Gulf of Mexico coast.

answer

Hurricane Katrina

question

Which agency was formed as a result of the 1990 Farm Bill?

answer

Office of Environmental Quality

question

The 1946 Federal Administrative Procedure Act

answer

designated federal agency procedures for rulemaking and enforcement.

question

The role of the legislative branch of government is to

answer

None of these are correct.

question

Planned course of action on a question or a topic.

answer

policy

question

Which program was born out of the 1972 U.N. Conference in Sweden?

answer

U.N. Environmental Program

question

The Copper River delta, near Cordova, Alaska, encompasses the largest continuous _________ on the Pacific Coast of North America.

answer

wetland.

question

The dumping of 1.1 billion liters of oil in the Persian Gulf during the Gulf War is an example of

answer

eco-terrorism.

question

U.N. agency which provides assistance to developing nations.

answer

World Bank

question

Largest organized demonstration in U.S. history.

answer

Earth Day

question

The Earth Summit was a meeting of

answer

178 representatives which produced Agenda 21.

question

Developing and approving policies, acts, and bills is the job of the

answer

legislative branch.

question

Approach in which restrictive and highly specific legislation and regulation are implemented by centralized authorities to achieve narrowly defined ends.

answer

command and control

question

Which of the following is a principle of the Reagan Administration's Council on Environmental Quality?

answer

decentralization of government responsibility for environmental protection

question

Which of the following is a principle of the Reagan Administration's Council on Environmental Quality?

answer

decentralization of government responsibility for environmental protection

question

Which of the following is a principle of the Reagan Administration's Council on Environmental Quality?

answer

decentralization of government responsibility for environmental protection

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