ECE 209 Exam 3 – Flashcards
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Which of the following is a mental model? A) following the steps in a set of written directions for preparing dog food B) reciting the details from a selection about raising puppies C) comparing the author's description of raising puppies with one's own experience D) inferring that the pronoun them referred back to the antecedent hunting dogs
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C) comparing the author's description of raising puppies with one's own experience
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Juan has played soccer but has never played football. Football was not a popular sport where he grew up. Despite excellent word recognition skills, Juan, who generally has little difficulty comprehending selections, is unable to answer most of the questions about a boy who leads his team to the state football championship. What seems to be the main source of Juan's difficulty? A) Juan focuses on pronouncing the words correctly and so fails to read for meaning. B) Juan has little interest in the story because he cannot identify with the main character. C) Juan lacks adequate comprehension strategies. D) Juan has limited background knowledge for understanding the story.
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D) Juan has limited background knowledge for understanding the story.
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The most important factor in comprehension is A) clarity of the selection. B) length and word count of the selection. C) quality of questions asked about the selection. D) reader's background knowledge about the topic of the selection.
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D) reader's background knowledge about the topic of the selection.
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According to research, the most effective organizational strategy for comprehension is A) selecting or constructing the main idea. B) comprehending the main idea. C) summarizing. D) determining the importance of information.
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C) summarizing.
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Which of the following is a prerequisite skill for deriving or constructing a main idea? A) the ability to see likeness and differences B) the ability to make predictions based on text information C) the ability to summarize a section of text D) the ability to monitor whether text is making sense or not
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A) the ability to see likeness and differences
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Which of the following is the best example of an elaboration of the meaning of the word invention? A) learning the correct pronunciation of invention B) judging the importance of several inventions C) saying invention and its meaning repeatedly so as not to forget it D) carefully noting the spelling of invention
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B) judging the importance of several inventions
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Which technique is especially designed for students having difficulty with inferences? A) reciprocal teaching B) QAR C) monitoring D) imaging
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B) QAR
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Which technique is recommended for students who have difficulty even with basic literal comprehension? A) Mystery Passages B) Using Manipulatives C) QAR D) imaging
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B) Using Manipulatives
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Which elaboration strategy works with concrete ideas as students learn to picture concepts in their minds? A) imaging B) macro-cloze C) making inferences D) QAR
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A) imaging
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Rereading, slow reading, and pausing during a confusing paragraph are examples of A) checking. B) regulating. C) repairing. D) summarizing.
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C) repairing.
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Reciprocal teaching includes the following: A) inferring, confirming, evaluating, repairing. B) visualizing, setting goals, repairing, answering. C) predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing. D) evaluating, confirming, imaging, comprehending.
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C) predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing.
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Which of the following methods focuses on content rather than strategy, occurs during reading rather than after reading, and uses a series of queries and moves? A) Questioning the Author B) Question Answer Relationships C) Reciprocal Teaching D) ReQuest
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A) Questioning the Author
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Dual coding refers to the process of A) translating from a second language to one's first language. B) both saying and writing answers. C) putting text information into one's own words. D) mentally representing a text in both words and images.
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D) mentally representing a text in both words and images.
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Which technique can be used both as a think-aloud and instructional technique? A) Mystery Passages B) Click and Clunk C) QAR D) Imaging
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A) Mystery Passages
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Which repair technique would be best to use when a passage is difficult to understand because it is written in technical language? A) pausing B) jumping over C) looking back D) paraphrasing
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D) paraphrasing
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Essay: How would you use the six steps for teaching a comprehension strategy to teach imaging?
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Use your senses & make connections Demonstrating and modeling the strategy
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Essay: What are the preparational strategies for improving reading comprehension, and what role do they play in the comprehension process?
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*Previewing (Surveying) *Activating prior knowledge *Setting purpose & goals -Purpose-question to be answered -Goals-reasons for reading- pleasure, gain knowledge *Predicting
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A macrostructure of a text is
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running summary of the text
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Most children first learn how to develop a schema for stories through A) listening to stories. B) discussing the major elements of stories. C) reading stories. D) writing stories.
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A) listening to stories.
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Which of the following signal words or phrases would most likely indicate a comparison-contrast text structure? A) for example; for instance B) but; however C) since; because D) next; finally
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B) but; however
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What is the structure of the following paragraph? A) enumeration-description B) time sequence. C) explanation-process. D) problem-solution The aye aye has one of the longest tails in the animal world. Its tail is almost twice as long as its body. The aye aye lives in the jungle. The aye aye uses its long tail to balance itself when its is sitting in a tree or when it is jumping from branch to branch. The aye aye also uses its tail like a blanket. At night, when it is cold, it wraps its long tail around its body.
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A) enumeration-description
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Which of the following questions would be best at developing a deeper conceptual understanding of the topic of rivers and better retention of the information? A) Where does the Nile River start and end? B) What is the largest river in the United States? C) How is a river similar to but different from a lake? D) How are rivers formed?
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C) How is a river similar to but different from a lake?
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According to Bloom's revised taxonomy, which of the following level involves finding supporting evidence for the author's purpose?
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analyze
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Which questions are best for helping students activate schema and read with a purpose in mind?
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questions before reading
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Which of the following is most likely to result in longer and more elaborative responses, higher-level thought processes, and fewer no-responses and I-don't-knows? A) wait time B) varied questions C) taxonomy of questions D) assisted questions
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A) wait time
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Which questioning procedure involves moving carefully from level to level to prompt for higher-level thinking processes? A) accountable talk B) retelling C) responsive elaboration D) FELS
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D) FELS
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Responsive elaboration mainly attempts to A) expand on students' vocabularies. B) improve students' recall skills. C) develop students' reasoning. D) expand on students' organization skills.
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C) develop students' reasoning.
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Which technique is especially helpful for students who have little background to bring to a selection? A) responsive elaboration B) KWL C) DR-TA D) guided reading lesson
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D) guided reading lesson
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Which of the following techniques is best at getting students to use context and read for meaning on a sentence-by-sentence basis? A) directed reading-thinking activity (DR-TA) B) KWL C) guided reading D) cloze
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D) cloze
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The major difference between a guided reading lesson and a directed reading-thinking activity (DR-TA) is in A) the time spent in reading. B) the type and length of selection read. C) establishing the reading purpose. D) the balance of oral and silent reading.
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C) establishing the reading purpose.
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What is the main reason the Internet demands critical (evaluative) thinking skills? A) It provides access to great amounts of information from all over the world. B) It offers massive amounts of information, but much of it is not checked by anyone. C) It uses sophisticated graphics, elaborate designs, and complex layouts. D) It demands sophisticated skills in order to search for information and navigate through databases.
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B) It offers massive amounts of information, but much of it is not checked by anyone.
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Essay: List and describe at least 3 effective questioning techniques
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*Using wait time *FELS: focusing, lifting, substantiating
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Essay: What is critical reading, and how should it be applied when reading Internet material?
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*Understanding factual statements and opinions *Recognizing author's purpose -Inform -Entertain -Persuade *Drawing logical conclusions *how it should be applied: provide students with valid websites
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What sets content-area reading apart from other kinds of reading? A) Students must read for longer periods of time. B) Students encounter a greater number of difficult words. C) Students must learn how to follow a strong narrative. D) Students learn new concepts and then apply this knowledge.
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D) Students learn new concepts and then apply this knowledge.
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Students learn most of their content-area concepts through A) participating in simulations. B) reading and discussing their textbooks. C) hearing lectures on essential topics. D) taking part in demonstrations and other hands-on activities.
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B) reading and discussing their textbooks.
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Which pre-reading technique would be most helpful when trying to get students to think about a controversial topic? A) predicting B) directed reading-thinking activity C) survey technique D) anticipation guide
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C) survey technique
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Which technique was specifically designed to help teachers model comprehension processes? A) survey technique B) anticipation guide C) structured overview D) think-aloud
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D) think-aloud
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Which of the following would provide the most help for struggling readers and English Language Learners? A) pattern guide B) gloss C) summarizing strategy guide D) cause-effect guide
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B) gloss
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What is the main advantage of Hyerle's thinking maps? A) They are easy to create and easy to learn. B) They are widely used at all levels. C) They help students organize their thinking. D) They are motivational.
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C) They help students organize their thinking.
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A main advantage of WIRC is that A) students write responses as they read a short piece of text. B) students take a quiz after reading a section of text. C) students are provided with materials on their grade level. D) students are provided with extensive preparation before they read.
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A) students write responses as they read a short piece of text.
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How does the steppingstone approach work? A) Students read extra of books on their level to build fluency and stamina. B) Students read books below their level to build their confidence and to show them that reading doesn't have to be difficult. C) Students read books above their level to build vocabulary and to get used to reading challenging books. D) Students read increasingly difficult books on the same topic so that they are prepared to read a challenging book on that topic.
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D) Students read increasingly difficult books on the same topic so that they are prepared to read a challenging book on that topic.
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Which of the following writing activities would best foster understanding and retention? A) copying Jefferson's and Hamilton's concepts of government B) taking notes on Jefferson's and Hamilton's concepts of government C) comparing Jefferson's and Hamilton's concepts of government D) listing difficult words involved in Jefferson's and Hamilton's concepts of government
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C) comparing Jefferson's and Hamilton's concepts of government
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Which of the following is an example of sheltered English? A) requiring the use of English B) limiting the number of concepts taught C) focusing on textbooks and standardized tests in studying the English language D) using visuals and hands-on activities to foster understanding of concepts
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D) using visuals and hands-on activities to foster understanding of concepts
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The best technique for retaining information is A) making it meaningful. B) using flash cards. C) creating a mnemonic device. D) reading about it.
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A) making it meaningful.
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Which of the following is the most thoroughly documented and widely used study technique in English-speaking countries because it fosters both understanding and long-term retention of material being read independently? A) graphic organizer B) structured overview C) SQ3R D) KWL
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A) graphic organizer
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What is test-enhanced learning? A) preparing for a test by spending extra time studying B) joining a study group to prepare for a test C) testing oneself D) setting a goal of getting a high mark on a test
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B) joining a study group to prepare for a test
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If material is to be remembered for 60 days, when should review be scheduled? A) at intervals between 3 and 12 days B) at intervals between 5 and 20 days C) on the 55th day D) on the 59th day
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B) at intervals between 5 and 20 days
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Metacognition is an important part of study skills instruction primarily because it A) provides students with needed teacher guidance. B) teaches specific word-attack and vocabulary building skills. C) is motivational. D) helps students decide how and when to study.
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D) helps students decide how and when to study.
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Essay: List at least 4 memory devices. Briefly define how each one works to boost memory and retention.
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*Conceptual Understanding *Rehearsal *Mnemonic Devices -Rhymes -Acronyms
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Essay: What did researchers find when studying standardized test-taking among elementary students? What can teachers do to spot trouble areas in test-taking?
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*Analyze observations. *Apply findings to instruction. *Align instructional objectives with test objectives *Provide guided practice as students respond to similar open-ended test questions. *Have students take a practice test. Provide feedback & instruction based on students' performance. *Have students apply skills by taking a real test
