Early Childhood Exam 1 – Flashcards

1. Promoting child development and learning 2. Building family and community relationships 3. Observing, documenting, and assessing to support young children and families 4. Using developmentally effective approaches to support young children and families 5. Teaching and learning 6. Becoming a professional

-Also called DAP -A framework of principles and guidelines for best practice in the care and education of young children, birth- 8 -An approach to teaching grounded in the research on how young children develop and learn and in what is known about effective early education. -Framework designed to promote young children's optimal learning and development

An approach that seeks to provide children with an understanding of social and behavioral problems related to prejudice and seeks to provide them with the knowledge, attitude, and skills needed to combat prejudice

An approach to education based on the premise that all peoples in the US should receive proportional attention in the curriculum

-Combined with knowledge of child growth and development, enables you to provide care and education that is developmentally appropriate for each child. -Refers to what teachers learn about each child and has implications for how best to adapt for and be responsive to that individual variation

A situation an individual encounters in the workplace for which there is more than one possible solution, each carrying a strong moral justification

To exercise responsible behavior with children, families, colleagues, and community members

1. Promoting child development and learning 2. Building family and community relationships 3. Observing, documenting, and assessing to support young children and families 4. Using developmentally effective approaches to support young children and families 5. Teaching and learning 6. Becoming a professional

-Child development associate -A national credentialing program that is a competency based assessment system that offers early childhood professionals the opportunity to develop and demonstrate competence in their work with children ages five and younger -Offers credentials for 1- center based programs for preschoolers 2- center based programs for infants/toddlers 3- family child care homes 4 -home visitor programs

-A set of beliefs about how children develop and learn and what and how they should be taught -It guides and directs your daily teaching

The values, commitments, and professional ethics that influence behaviors towards students, families, colleagues, and members of the community and affect student learning, motivation, and development as well as the educator's own professional growth

- Meeting collaboratively in grade level teams or across grade level teams in order to examine student data together and to plan and develop instructional strategies - Collaborating with parents, families, and community partners

A process that helps you think about how children learn and enables you to make decision about how best to support their development and learning

- The process of collecting information about children's development, learning, behavior, academic progress, need for special services, and achievement to make decisions - observation is one of the main ways of assessing young children

The act of pleading the causes of children and families to the profession and the public and engaging in strategies designed to improve the circumstances of those families

- Mainly from old paint - causes lower iq's, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems - 250,000 birth- age 5 have dangerous levels

- Tooth decay, cavities - 42% of children have them - promote healthy habits in the classroom

- A condition characterized by excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body - Lets Move! aims to fight childhood obesity

- A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways - one of the most prevalent childhood illnesses

1- Parents education levels 2- Parents employment status 3- Family income

To treat abusively or affect by means of force or coercion

- Experienced directly by abuse and violence in home 2- Experienced indirectly by tv and video games 3- It is a learned behavior and is learned early- plastic

-Increased funding of early childhood programs -Return on public investment in quality ECE is 16% -Race to the Top- Early Learning Challenge (RTT_ELC) aims to improve quality of early learning and development and close the achievement gap for children with high needs - Aims to teach 21st century skills

- Major Contributions: Said that children are born as blank tablets (tabula rasa); believed children's experiences determine who they are-experiences are the basis of all learning - Influences on Modern Theorists: learning should begin early; children learn what they are taught (teachers make children); it is possible to rear children to think and act as society wants them to

- Major Contributions: Progressive education movement; children's interest form the basis of the curriculum; and educate children for today, not tomorrow - Influences on modern theorist: child centered education; curriculum based on children's interest; and discovery learning

- Major contributions: believed children developed through "unfolding"; compared children to growing plants; founded the kindergarten or the garden of children; developing "gifts" in "occupations" to help young children learn; and believe children can and should learn through play - Influences on modern theorist: teachers role is similar to a gardeners; children should have specific materials to learn concepts and skills; and learning occurs through play

- Major contributions: fear he of cognitive development based on ages and stages; children are "Little scientists" and literally develop their own intelligence; mental and physical activities are important for cognitive development; and project approach to learning - Influences on martyring dearest: constructivist approaches to early childhood education; matching education to children's stages of cognitive development; and active involvement of children in learning activities

- Major contributions: the Montessori method for educating young children; all knowledge comes intrinsically from sensory experiences; learning materials to meet the needs of young children; sensory-based materials that are self-correcting; prepared environments are used and chill for learning; and respect for children is the foundation of teaching - Influences on modern theorist: large number of public and private Montessori schools that emphasize her approach, methods, and materials; renewed emphasis on preparing environment to support and promote children's learning; and teacher training programs to train Montessori teachers

- Major contributions: sociocultural theory, which emphasizes importance of interpersonal relationships and social and cognitive development; concept of zone of proximal development which is where children can learn more with the help of a more competent person; communication between teachers and children can act as a means of scaffolding to higher level of learning - Influences on modern theorist: use of scaffolding techniques to help children learn; use of cooperative learning and other forms of social learning

- Major contributions: theory of psychosocial development-content development occurs in conjunction with social development; Life is a series at eight stages with each stage representing a critical. And social development; and how parents and teachers interact with and care for children helps determine their emotional and cognitive development - Influences on modern theorist: play supports children social and cognitive development; the emotional plays as a great role as the cognitive and development; and all children need predictable, consistent love, care, and education

- Major contributions: ecological systems theory views the child as developing within a system of relationship; five interrelating systems - microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem - have a powerful impact on development; each system influences and is influenced by the other; and development is influenced by children and their environment - Influences on modern theorist: teachers are more aware of how different environments shape children's lives in different ways; parents and educators strive to provide positive influences in each system and minimize or eliminate negative influences; and teachers and parents recognize that children's development depends on children's natures and their environment

- Major contributions:. Of self actualization based on need motivation; human development is a process of meeting basic needs throughout life; and humanistic psychology - Influences on modern theorist: importance of meeting basic needs before cognitive learning can occur; teachers develop programs to meet children's basic needs; growth of the self-esteem movement; and emphasis on providing safety, security, love, and affection for all children

Knowing that the amount stays the same even something is put into a different container

- Theory that emphasizes the active role of children in developing their understanding and learning - Piaget, Dewey, Vygotsky - Assimilation, accommodation, equilibrium, scheme

1-Self actualization Motivations based on the satisfaction of needs Maximizing ones potential Highest level 2-Aesthetic needs Beauty, order, symmetry 3-Achievement and prestige Approval, recognition, self-esteem 4-Belonging and love Love, acceptance, affection 5-Safety and security Safety, freedom from fear, stability 6-Life essentials Food, water, air

- Zone of proximal development - The range of tasks that children can preform with help from a more competent partner - Vygotsky

Assistance or support from a teacher, parent, caregiver, or peer to help children complete the tasks they cannot complete independently

- Main features: Is based on Piaget, constructivism, Dewey, and Vygotsky; plan - do - review is the teaching learning cycle; emergent curriculum is not planned in advance; children help determine curriculum; and key experiences guide the curriculum in promoting children's active learning - Teachers role: plan activities based on children's interest; facilitates learning through encouragement; and engages in positive adult child interaction strategies

- Main features: theoretical basis is the philosophy and beliefs of Marie Montessori; a prepared environment supports, invites, and enables learning; children educate themselves - self-directed learning is a cornerstone; sensory materials invite them promote learning; is that curriculum regarding what children should learn is offered - Montessori and try to stay as close to Montessori's ideas as possible; children are grouped in multi age environment; children learn by manipulating materials and working with others; and learning takes place through the senses - Teachers role: Follows the child's interest and needs; prepares an environment that is educationally interesting and safe; direct and obtrusively as children individually or in small groups engage in self directed activity; observes, analyzes, and provide materials and activities appropriate for the child's sensitive periods of learning; and maintains regular communications with the parent

- Main features: theory is based on Piaget, constructivism, Dewey, and Vygotsky; emergent curriculum is not planned in advance; curriculum is based on children's interest and experiences; curriculum is project oriented; the hundred languages of children represents the symbolic representation of children's work and learning; learning is active; a special teacher is trained in the arts; and an art/design studio is use by children and teachers - Teachers role: works collaboratively with other teachers; organizes environments rich and possibilities and provocations; and acts as a recorder for the children, helping them reflect on and revisit their words and actions

- Quality care (especially language stimulation) related to children's performance measures of cognitive and linguistic abilities - Related to measures of social and emotional development - Associated with developmental outcomes throughout the preschool years

-Teachers meeting young children where they are (by stage of development), both as individuals and as part of a group (zones of proximal development) -Helping each child meet challenging and achievable learning goals

-Knowing about child development and learning -Knowing what is individually appropriate -Knowing what is culturally important

1-Fostering language development and communication 2-Making the most of the environment and routines 3-Capitalizing on incidental teaching 4-Focusing on children's characteristics, needs, and interest 5-Linking children's language and culture to the early childhood program 6-Teaching through social interactions 7-Creating support for play 8-Addressing children's challenging behaviors 9-Supporting learning through technology 10-Using integrative approaches to curriculum

1-Be concerned about your own multicultural development 2-Make every child welcome 3-Make every parent welcome 4-Collaborate with your colleagues 5-Become active in your community

1- Reading 2- Reflecting 3- Discussing 4- Writing 5- Evaluating

1- thinking and planning before teaching 2- thinking during teaching 3- thinking and planning after teaching

Way to respond to bullying